垃圾填埋场再生公园规划设计的适应性策略体系建构与应用
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摘要
再生公园是填埋场修复治理与再利用的重要选项。由于残留有害物质将长期存在于填埋场地,如何在确保环境安全前提下提供优质的游憩体验成为再生公园规划设计的一大挑战。鉴于此,结合国内外相关实践经验,从环境、空间和设施3个方面入手,建立ESF适应性策略体系,并将之应用于上海老港垃圾填埋场再生公园总体发展及入口服务区改造设计实践,以期为垃圾填埋场再生公园规划设计工作的有效开展提供新的思路和技术支持。
Rehabilitated park has become the main option for landfill remediation and reuse. However, in the planning and design of the rehabilitative park, how to ensure the environmental safety and the health of tourists on the site while enacting the activities of tourists has become an essential issue that must be addressed in such projects. In view of this, combined with the relevant exploration of the adaptive remediation of contaminated sites at home, the research was carried out on the planning and design strategies of the rehabilitated park on the aspects of environment, space and facilities. In the end, the development research on the Rehabilitated Park from Shanghai Laogang Landfill was discussed as an example to demonstrate the process of the formulation and application of strategies.
Rehabilitated park has become the main option for landfill remediation and reuse. However, in the planning and design of the rehabilitative park, how to ensure the environmental safety and the health of tourists on the site while enacting the activities of tourists has become an essential issue that must be addressed in such projects. In view of this, combined with the relevant exploration of the adaptive remediation of contaminated sites at home, the research was carried out on the planning and design strategies of the rehabilitated park on the aspects of environment, space and facilities. In the end, the development research on the Rehabilitated Park from Shanghai Laogang Landfill was discussed as an example to demonstrate the process of the formulation and application of strategies.
引文
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(1)1980年美国国会颁布《环境应对、赔偿和责任综合法案》(CERCLA:Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act)。伴随该法案,联邦政府成立“有害物质超级基金应对信托基金”(Hazardous Substance Superfund Response Trust Fund),作为专项修复治理支持经费,因此法案也被称为《超级基金法案》。
[2]郑晓笛.棕地再生的风景园林学探索:以“棕色土方”联结污染治理与风景园林设计[J].中国园林,2015,31(4):10-15.
[3]陈亮,黄怡.垃圾填埋场用地的规划修复与再生:基于慢发性技术灾害视角的欧美案例研究[J].上海城市规划,2016(1):32-40.
[4]劳伦斯·亨德尔森.环境的适应[M].纽约:麦克米伦公司,1913.
[5]US Environmental Protection Agency.Reuse Assessments:A Tool To Implement The Superfund Land Use Directive[S].Washington,D.C.:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2001.
[6]尼尔·柯克伍德,萧蕾.纵观棕地[J].中国园林,2015,31(4):5-9.
[7]US Environmental Protection Agency.Reusing Superfund Sites:Recreational Use of Land Above Hazardous Waste Containment Areas[R].2001.
[8]US Environmental Protection Agency.A Guide to Preparing Superfund Proposed Plans,Records of Decision,and Other Remedy Selection Decision Documents[R].Washington,D.C.:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,1999.
[9]Misgav A,Perl N,Avnimelech Y.Selecting a compatible open space use for a closed landfill site[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2001,55(2):95-111.
[10]李万百,刘建华,胡斌.垃圾填埋场渗沥液回灌及沼气收集利用[J].城市道桥与防洪,2011(2):91-93;116.
[11]康汉起,吴海泳.寻找失落的家园:韩国首尔市兰芝岛世界杯公园生态恢复设计[J].中国园林,2007,23(8):55-61.
[12]Sapir D,Sterenberg D.The Challenge of Waste Treatment at the Hiriya Landfill,TelAviv,Israel[C]//7th World Congress on Recovery,Recycling and Re-integration,2005:1.
[13]US Environmental Protection Agency.Site Information for H.O.D.LANDFILL[EB/OL].[2018-09-30].https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/dsp_sspp Site Data2.cfm?id=0500581.
[14]US Environmental Protection Agency.Reuse and the Benefit to Community Southside Sanitary Landfill(PDF)[R].United States Environmental Protection Agency,2010.
[15]张红卫.哈格里夫斯:西方现代风景园林设计师丛书[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004.
[16]阳小霜,赵由才.生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾的开采与综合利用[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2007(Z1):151-154.
[17]Klenosky D B,Snyder S A,Vogt C A,et al.If we transform the landfill,will they come?Predicting visitation to Freshkills Park in New York City[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2017,167(Supplement C):315-324.
[18]Rynk R.Compost Remediates a Landfill and Grows a National Park[J].Biocycle,2003,44(12):34-38.
[19]Batl eiroig.Landscape restoration of the Vall d'en Joan landfill site[EB/OL].[2018-08-01].http://www.batl eiroig.com/en/landscape/noise-control-bermin-abrera-barcelona/.
[20]特弗设计与环境事务所.悉尼公园水资源再利用项目[J].风景园林,2017,24(4):75-88.
[21]Williams M.Jump Start Methane Production in a Bioreactor Landfill Using Septage[R].Michigan:CTIand Associates,Inc.,2014.
(1)1980年美国国会颁布《环境应对、赔偿和责任综合法案》(CERCLA:Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act)。伴随该法案,联邦政府成立“有害物质超级基金应对信托基金”(Hazardous Substance Superfund Response Trust Fund),作为专项修复治理支持经费,因此法案也被称为《超级基金法案》。