国际建筑展驱动下的德国鲁尔区区域性棕地再生策略
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摘要
德国鲁尔区的后工业转型是被广泛学习与研究的典范,作为重要驱动力的埃姆舍国际建筑展在其转型过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,其区域性的发展理念与实施策略影响尤为深远。在"工业文化"认知与统一标识体系引导关联性感知的指导原则下,埃姆舍国际建筑展在组织运营、资金管理、利益相关者3个方面具有区域统筹的实施方式,在空间策略方面具有"个体-区域并进"的整体性特征。通过梳理并分析这些区域性的策略,为中国当前的棕地再生行动提供新的思路与借鉴。
The post-industrial transformation of the Ruhr area in Germany is a model of extensive learning and research. As an important driving force, the International Building Exhibition(IBA) Emscher Park has played a vital role in Ruhr's transformation. Its regional development concept and implementation strategies has been particularly far-reaching. Under the guiding principle of "industrial culture" cognition and unified identification system to guide relevance perception, the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park has regional integrated implementation methods from perspectives of the operational organization, financial management, and stakeholder cooperation. In addition, it shows synergistic characteristics of individual-regional advancement in terms of spatial strategies. By summarizing and analyzing these regional strategies, it is hoped to provide new ideas and references for China's current brownfield regeneration.
The post-industrial transformation of the Ruhr area in Germany is a model of extensive learning and research. As an important driving force, the International Building Exhibition(IBA) Emscher Park has played a vital role in Ruhr's transformation. Its regional development concept and implementation strategies has been particularly far-reaching. Under the guiding principle of "industrial culture" cognition and unified identification system to guide relevance perception, the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park has regional integrated implementation methods from perspectives of the operational organization, financial management, and stakeholder cooperation. In addition, it shows synergistic characteristics of individual-regional advancement in terms of spatial strategies. By summarizing and analyzing these regional strategies, it is hoped to provide new ideas and references for China's current brownfield regeneration.
引文
[1]Wetterau B,Jansen N,Bronny H.The Ruhr Area:Structural Changes of an Outstanding European Conurbation[M].Essen:Kommunalverband Ruhrgebiet,the Direktor,Dept.of Public Relations and Regional Marketing,2004.
[2]陈涛.德国鲁尔工业区衰退与转型研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[3]李晟晖.矿业城市产业转型研究:以德国鲁尔区为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003(4):97-100.
[4]张京祥.全球化背景中的区域发展与规划转变[J].国外城市规划,2004(3):1-4.
[5]梁贺敏.资源型城市生态治理中的政府作用研究[D].天津:天津理工大学,2017.
[6]迪特·哈森普鲁格,刘崇.德国在后工业时代的区域转型:IBA埃姆瑟公园和区域规划的新范式[J].建筑学报,2005(12):6-8.
[7]克劳兹·R·昆斯曼,麦贤敏.埃姆歇公园国际建筑展的创新精神[J].国际城市规划,2007(3):23-29.
[8]李潇,黄翊.德国“IBA事件”带动衰退城市复兴的战略及启示:一种基于重大公共事件的城市营销工具[J].住区,2014(5):113-121.
[9]陈荻.德国鲁尔工业区大区域转型更新分析:以IBA艾姆舍公园项目为例[J].建筑与文化,2015(5):90-92.
[10]李蕾蕾.逆工业化与工业遗产旅游开发:德国鲁尔区的实践过程与开发模式[J].世界地理研究,2002(3):57-65.
[11]李玲.鲁尔区工业废弃地再利用规划研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014.
[12]金云峰,方凌波,沈洁.工业森林视角下棕地景观再生的场所营建策略研究:以德国鲁尔为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(6):70-74.
[13]Jeng Y R.The Legacy of International Building Exhibition Emscher Park:a Review Project 20Years Later[D].The Netherlands&United Kindom:Radboud University Nijmegen&Cardiff University,2018.
[14]Uttke A,Niemann L,Schauz T.Peter Empting International Building Exhibition Emscher Park-The Projects 10 Years Later[M].Essen:KVR,2008.
[15]蔡海燕,彭震伟.德国埃姆歇地区的空间、生态和经济更新:从埃姆歇园国际建筑展(1989-1999)到埃姆歇景观公园规划(2000-2010)[J].现代城市研究,2007(4):82-88.
[16](德)克里斯塔·莱歇尔,克劳兹·R·昆斯曼,扬·波利夫卡,等.区域的远见:图解鲁尔区空间发展[M].李潇,黄翊,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[17]冯姗姗,常江.国际建筑展:德国煤矿区景观重建的新途径[J].华中建筑,2018,36(11):21-24.
[18]Adams N,Pinch P L.The German Internationale Bauausstellung(IBA)and Urban Regeneration:Lessons from the IBA Emscher Park[M]//Leary M E,Mc Carthy J.The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration.Abingdon,Oxon:Routledge,2014.
[19]Mcmul en S C.Post-industrial nature and culture in the Ruhr District,Germany,1989-1999[D].United States,California:University of California,San Diego,2007.
[20]郑晓笛.基于“棕色土方”概念的棕地再生风景园林学途径[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[21]Latz P.RUST RED:Landscape Park DuisburgNord[M].Munich:Munich Hirmer,2016.
[22]Kunzmann K.The Ruhr in Germany:a Laboratory for Regional Governance[M]//Alden J,Albrechts L,Pires A R,et al.The Changing Institutional Landscape of Planning.Aldershot:Ashgate,2001.
(1)引自https://www.metropoleruhr.de/regionalverband-ruhr/regionalstatistik/bevoelkerung/entwicklung-und-struktur.html。
(2)引自https://www.open-iba.de/en/faqs/。
(3)引自https://www.open-iba.de/en/。
(4)引自https://www.metropoleruhr.de/regionalverband-ruhr/ueber-uns/organisation.html。
(5)1990年(埃姆舍国际建筑展开始的第2年),1美元合4.78人民币,1美元合1.49马克。引自http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztsj/gjsj/2000/200201/t20020111_50742.html。
(6)引自http://www.metropoleruhr.de/en/home/theruhr-regional-association/infrastructure-projects.html。
[2]陈涛.德国鲁尔工业区衰退与转型研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[3]李晟晖.矿业城市产业转型研究:以德国鲁尔区为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003(4):97-100.
[4]张京祥.全球化背景中的区域发展与规划转变[J].国外城市规划,2004(3):1-4.
[5]梁贺敏.资源型城市生态治理中的政府作用研究[D].天津:天津理工大学,2017.
[6]迪特·哈森普鲁格,刘崇.德国在后工业时代的区域转型:IBA埃姆瑟公园和区域规划的新范式[J].建筑学报,2005(12):6-8.
[7]克劳兹·R·昆斯曼,麦贤敏.埃姆歇公园国际建筑展的创新精神[J].国际城市规划,2007(3):23-29.
[8]李潇,黄翊.德国“IBA事件”带动衰退城市复兴的战略及启示:一种基于重大公共事件的城市营销工具[J].住区,2014(5):113-121.
[9]陈荻.德国鲁尔工业区大区域转型更新分析:以IBA艾姆舍公园项目为例[J].建筑与文化,2015(5):90-92.
[10]李蕾蕾.逆工业化与工业遗产旅游开发:德国鲁尔区的实践过程与开发模式[J].世界地理研究,2002(3):57-65.
[11]李玲.鲁尔区工业废弃地再利用规划研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014.
[12]金云峰,方凌波,沈洁.工业森林视角下棕地景观再生的场所营建策略研究:以德国鲁尔为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(6):70-74.
[13]Jeng Y R.The Legacy of International Building Exhibition Emscher Park:a Review Project 20Years Later[D].The Netherlands&United Kindom:Radboud University Nijmegen&Cardiff University,2018.
[14]Uttke A,Niemann L,Schauz T.Peter Empting International Building Exhibition Emscher Park-The Projects 10 Years Later[M].Essen:KVR,2008.
[15]蔡海燕,彭震伟.德国埃姆歇地区的空间、生态和经济更新:从埃姆歇园国际建筑展(1989-1999)到埃姆歇景观公园规划(2000-2010)[J].现代城市研究,2007(4):82-88.
[16](德)克里斯塔·莱歇尔,克劳兹·R·昆斯曼,扬·波利夫卡,等.区域的远见:图解鲁尔区空间发展[M].李潇,黄翊,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[17]冯姗姗,常江.国际建筑展:德国煤矿区景观重建的新途径[J].华中建筑,2018,36(11):21-24.
[18]Adams N,Pinch P L.The German Internationale Bauausstellung(IBA)and Urban Regeneration:Lessons from the IBA Emscher Park[M]//Leary M E,Mc Carthy J.The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration.Abingdon,Oxon:Routledge,2014.
[19]Mcmul en S C.Post-industrial nature and culture in the Ruhr District,Germany,1989-1999[D].United States,California:University of California,San Diego,2007.
[20]郑晓笛.基于“棕色土方”概念的棕地再生风景园林学途径[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[21]Latz P.RUST RED:Landscape Park DuisburgNord[M].Munich:Munich Hirmer,2016.
[22]Kunzmann K.The Ruhr in Germany:a Laboratory for Regional Governance[M]//Alden J,Albrechts L,Pires A R,et al.The Changing Institutional Landscape of Planning.Aldershot:Ashgate,2001.
(1)引自https://www.metropoleruhr.de/regionalverband-ruhr/regionalstatistik/bevoelkerung/entwicklung-und-struktur.html。
(2)引自https://www.open-iba.de/en/faqs/。
(3)引自https://www.open-iba.de/en/。
(4)引自https://www.metropoleruhr.de/regionalverband-ruhr/ueber-uns/organisation.html。
(5)1990年(埃姆舍国际建筑展开始的第2年),1美元合4.78人民币,1美元合1.49马克。引自http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztsj/gjsj/2000/200201/t20020111_50742.html。
(6)引自http://www.metropoleruhr.de/en/home/theruhr-regional-association/infrastructure-projects.html。