油茶不同器官氮、磷、钾化学计量特征随年龄的变化
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摘要
油茶Camellia oleifera为中国特有的食用油料树种,但关于油茶不同器官氮、磷、钾的生态化学计量特征的认识还不够充分。以浙江省常山县油茶人工林为对象,通过测定不同年龄油茶叶片、枝条、主干、根系和果实中氮、磷、钾质量分数,探讨了油茶不同年龄各器官氮、磷、钾化学计量特征及在各器官中的分配规律。结果表明:油茶氮质量分数从大到小依次为叶片、枝条、根系、果实、主干,磷质量分数从高到低依次为叶片、枝条、果实、根系、主干,钾质量分数从高到低依次为果实、叶片、根系、枝条、主干;随年龄的增加,枝条中的氮、磷质量分数逐渐增大,而其他器官中氮、磷质量分数先增大后减小,钾质量分数先增高而后降低。油茶各器官氮磷比(N∶P)为3.91～10.68,氮钾比(N∶K)为0.33～1.31,钾磷比(K∶P)为3.71～19.08;随年龄的增长,油茶果实N∶P逐渐增高,而其他器官N∶P则先增高而后降低,叶片、枝条、根系和果实的N∶K逐渐增大,叶片、主干和果实K∶P先升高而后下降,枝条、根系的K∶P逐渐降低。油茶叶片的氮、磷平均分配比例为31.4%和28.6%,钾在根系中具有最高的分配比例,平均占比达30.5%。影响油茶生长的限制元素是氮,在生产经营程中,可适当增施氮。
To better understand the distribution of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) over time in different organs of Camellia oleifera,a special edible oil tree species in China,samples of leaves,branches,stems,roots and fruits at different ages were collected from C.oleifera in Changshan County,Zhejiang Province.N,P and K content were measured to analyze the stoichiometry characteristics at different ages in the context of a distribution strategy.Results showed that average N content was leaf > branch > root > fruit > stem,average P content was leaf > branch > fruit > root > stem,and average K content was fruit > leaf > root> branch > stem.With an increase in age,in the branch the N and P content increased gradually;whereas,in the other organs,N and P content first increased and then decreased.For all organs,K content first increased and then decreased as time increased.The values for N ∶P were 3.91-10.68;for N∶K were 0.33-1.31;and for K∶P were 3.71-19.08.With increased age in fruits,N ∶P increased gradually,and in other organs N ∶P first increased and then decreased;in leaves,branches,roots,and fruits,N ∶K increased gradually;in leaves,stems,and fruits,K∶P first increased and then decreased;and in branches and roots,K ∶P decreased gradually.In the leaves the average distribution ratio of N was 31.4%,and P was 28.6%.K had its highest proportion in the roots with an average ratio of 30.5%.Thus,the limiting element affecting the growth of C.oleifera was N;so in the process of production,N fertilizer should be properly added.
To better understand the distribution of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) over time in different organs of Camellia oleifera,a special edible oil tree species in China,samples of leaves,branches,stems,roots and fruits at different ages were collected from C.oleifera in Changshan County,Zhejiang Province.N,P and K content were measured to analyze the stoichiometry characteristics at different ages in the context of a distribution strategy.Results showed that average N content was leaf > branch > root > fruit > stem,average P content was leaf > branch > fruit > root > stem,and average K content was fruit > leaf > root> branch > stem.With an increase in age,in the branch the N and P content increased gradually;whereas,in the other organs,N and P content first increased and then decreased.For all organs,K content first increased and then decreased as time increased.The values for N ∶P were 3.91-10.68;for N∶K were 0.33-1.31;and for K∶P were 3.71-19.08.With increased age in fruits,N ∶P increased gradually,and in other organs N ∶P first increased and then decreased;in leaves,branches,roots,and fruits,N ∶K increased gradually;in leaves,stems,and fruits,K∶P first increased and then decreased;and in branches and roots,K ∶P decreased gradually.In the leaves the average distribution ratio of N was 31.4%,and P was 28.6%.K had its highest proportion in the roots with an average ratio of 30.5%.Thus,the limiting element affecting the growth of C.oleifera was N;so in the process of production,N fertilizer should be properly added.
引文
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[10]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.YIN Dandan,LI Shanshan,WU Qian,et al.Advances in research of six woody oil crops in China[J].Chin Bull Bot2018,53(1):110-125.
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[13]何方,王义强,吕芳德,等.油茶林生物量与养分生物循环的研究[J].林业科学,1996,32(5):403-410.HE Fang,WANG Yiqiang,L譈Fangde,et al.Biomass accumulation and nutrient cycle in Camellia oleifera plantions[J].Sci Silv Sin,1996,32(5):403-410.
[14]叶晶,葛高波,应雨骐,等.青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报2015,21(1):164-170.YE Jing,GE Gaobo,YING Yuqi,et al.Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo(Bambusa textilis)to the main nutrients[J].J Plant Nut Fertil,2015,21(1):164-170.
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[16]任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,等.中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学2007,28(12):2665-2673.REN Shujie,YU Guirui,TAO Bo,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC[J].Environ Sci,2007,28(12):2665-2673.
[17]秦海,李俊祥,高三平,等.中国660种陆生植物叶片8种元素含量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1247-1257.QIN Hai,LI Junxiang,GAO Sanping,et al.Characteristics of leaf element contents for eight nutrients across 660 terrestrial plant species in China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(5):1247-1257.
[18]HE Jinsheng,FANG Jingyun,WANG Zhiheng,et al.Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Ecology,2006,149:115-122.
[19]HAN Wenxuan,FANG Jingyun,GUO Dali,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytol,2005,168:377-385.
[20]皮发剑,袁丛军,喻理飞,等.黔中天然次生林主要优势树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].生态环境学报2016,25(5):801-807.PI Fajian,YUAN Congjun,YU Lifei,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant leaves from the main dominant species of natural secondary forest in the central of Guizhou[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2016,2 5(5):801-807.
[21]阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.YAN Kai,FU Denggao,HE Feng,et al.Leaf nutrient stoichiometry of plants in the phosphorus-enriched soils of the Lake Dianchi watershed,southwestern China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2011,35(4):353-361.
[22]姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,等.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C,N,P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6188-6197.JIANG Peipei,CAO Yang,CHEN Yunming,et al.Variation of C,N,and P stoichiometry in plant tissue,litter,and soil during stand development in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J].Acta Ecola Sin,2016,36(19):6188-6197.
[23]李敬,胡小飞,段小华,等.植茶年龄对丘陵区茶园土壤和茶树养分含量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1186-1192.LI Jing,HU Xiaofei,DUAN Xiaohua,et al.Effects of planting year on soil and plant nutrients in Hilly tea gardens[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi,2012,34(6):1186-1192.
[24]杨亚琴.不同林龄油茶生理特性及其根区土壤性质研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(7):61-66.YANG Yaqin.Research of physiological properties and root-zone soil properties of Camellia oleifera at different plantation ages[J].J Henan Agric Sci,2015,44(7):61-66.
[25]VENTERINK H G M O,WASSEN M J,VERKROOST A W M,et al.Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-,P-,K-limited wetlands[J].Ecology,2003,84(8):2191-2199.
[26]孙雪娇,常顺利,宋成程,等.雪岭云杉不同器官N,P,K化学计量特征随生长阶段的变化[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1291-1298.SUN Xuejiao,CHANG Shunli,SONG Chengcheng,et al.Age-related N,P,and K stoichiometry in different organs of Picea schrenkiana[J].Chin J Ecol,2018,37(5):1291-1298.
[2]贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.HE Jinsheng,HAN Xingguo.Ecological stoichiometry:searching for unifying prin-ciples from individuals to ecosystems[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2010,34(1):2-6.
[3]ASHTON I W,HYATT L A,HOWE K M,et al.Invasive species accelerate decomposition and litter nitrogen loss in a mixed deciduous forest[J].Ecol Appl,2008,15(4):1263-1272.
[4]于海玲,李愈哲,樊江文,等.中国草地样带不同功能群植物叶片氮磷含量随水热因子的变化规律[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2867-2874.YU Hailing,LI Yuzhe,FAN Jiangwen,et al.Leaf N and P contents of different functional groups in relation to precipitation and tem-perature in China Grassland Transect[J].Chin J Ecol,2016,35(11):2867-2874.
[5]顾鸿昊,翁俊,孔佳杰,等.粗放和集约经营毛竹林叶片的生态化学计量特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):661-667.GU Honghao,WENG Jun,KONG Jiajie,et al.Ecological stoichiometry of Phyllostachys edulis leaves with extensive and intensive management[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2015,32(5):661-667.
[6]高宗宝,王洪义,吕晓涛,等.氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔草甸草原4种优势植物根系和叶片C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):80-88.GAO Zongbao,WANG Hongyi,L譈Xiaotao,et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on C∶N∶P stoichiometry in roots and leaves of four dominant plant species in a meadow steppe of Hulunbuir[J].Chin J Ecol,2017,36(1):80-88.
[7]SARDANS J,PE譙UELAS J.Trees increase their P∶N ratio with size[J].Global Ecol Biogeogr,2015,24(2):147-156.
[8]陈婵,王光军,赵月,等.会同杉木器官间C,N,P化学计量比的季节动态与异速生长关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(23):7614-7623.CHEN Chan,WANG Guangjun,ZHAO Yue,et al.Seasonal dynamics and allometric growth relationships of C,N,and P stoichiometry in the organs of Cunninghamia lanceolata from Huitong[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(23):7614-7623.
[9]李红林,贡璐,洪毅.克里雅绿洲旱生芦苇根茎叶C,N,P化学计量特征的季节变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6547-6555.LI Honglin,GONG Lu,HONG Yi.Seasonal variations in C,N,and P stoichiometry of roots,stems,and leaves of Phragmites australis in the Keriya Oasis,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(20):6547-6555.
[10]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.YIN Dandan,LI Shanshan,WU Qian,et al.Advances in research of six woody oil crops in China[J].Chin Bull Bot2018,53(1):110-125.
[11]唐健,李娜,欧阳洁英,等.油茶苗期生物量积累及营养分配规律研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(8):964-967.TANG Jian,LI Na,OUYANG Jieying,et al.Mechanism of biomass accumulation and nutrient distribution in Camellia oleifera at seedling growth stage[J].J Southern Agric,2011,42(8):964-967.
[12]宋贤冲,唐健,覃其云,等.油茶成熟林生物量积累及营养分配规律[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(2):255-258.SONG Xianchong,TANG Jian,QIN Qiyun,et al.Mechanism of biomass accumulation and nutrient distribution in Camellia oleifera mature forest[J].J Southern Agric,2014,45(2):255-258.
[13]何方,王义强,吕芳德,等.油茶林生物量与养分生物循环的研究[J].林业科学,1996,32(5):403-410.HE Fang,WANG Yiqiang,L譈Fangde,et al.Biomass accumulation and nutrient cycle in Camellia oleifera plantions[J].Sci Silv Sin,1996,32(5):403-410.
[14]叶晶,葛高波,应雨骐,等.青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报2015,21(1):164-170.YE Jing,GE Gaobo,YING Yuqi,et al.Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo(Bambusa textilis)to the main nutrients[J].J Plant Nut Fertil,2015,21(1):164-170.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,等.中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学2007,28(12):2665-2673.REN Shujie,YU Guirui,TAO Bo,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC[J].Environ Sci,2007,28(12):2665-2673.
[17]秦海,李俊祥,高三平,等.中国660种陆生植物叶片8种元素含量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1247-1257.QIN Hai,LI Junxiang,GAO Sanping,et al.Characteristics of leaf element contents for eight nutrients across 660 terrestrial plant species in China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(5):1247-1257.
[18]HE Jinsheng,FANG Jingyun,WANG Zhiheng,et al.Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Ecology,2006,149:115-122.
[19]HAN Wenxuan,FANG Jingyun,GUO Dali,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J].New Phytol,2005,168:377-385.
[20]皮发剑,袁丛军,喻理飞,等.黔中天然次生林主要优势树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].生态环境学报2016,25(5):801-807.PI Fajian,YUAN Congjun,YU Lifei,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant leaves from the main dominant species of natural secondary forest in the central of Guizhou[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2016,2 5(5):801-807.
[21]阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.YAN Kai,FU Denggao,HE Feng,et al.Leaf nutrient stoichiometry of plants in the phosphorus-enriched soils of the Lake Dianchi watershed,southwestern China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2011,35(4):353-361.
[22]姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,等.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C,N,P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6188-6197.JIANG Peipei,CAO Yang,CHEN Yunming,et al.Variation of C,N,and P stoichiometry in plant tissue,litter,and soil during stand development in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J].Acta Ecola Sin,2016,36(19):6188-6197.
[23]李敬,胡小飞,段小华,等.植茶年龄对丘陵区茶园土壤和茶树养分含量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1186-1192.LI Jing,HU Xiaofei,DUAN Xiaohua,et al.Effects of planting year on soil and plant nutrients in Hilly tea gardens[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi,2012,34(6):1186-1192.
[24]杨亚琴.不同林龄油茶生理特性及其根区土壤性质研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(7):61-66.YANG Yaqin.Research of physiological properties and root-zone soil properties of Camellia oleifera at different plantation ages[J].J Henan Agric Sci,2015,44(7):61-66.
[25]VENTERINK H G M O,WASSEN M J,VERKROOST A W M,et al.Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-,P-,K-limited wetlands[J].Ecology,2003,84(8):2191-2199.
[26]孙雪娇,常顺利,宋成程,等.雪岭云杉不同器官N,P,K化学计量特征随生长阶段的变化[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1291-1298.SUN Xuejiao,CHANG Shunli,SONG Chengcheng,et al.Age-related N,P,and K stoichiometry in different organs of Picea schrenkiana[J].Chin J Ecol,2018,37(5):1291-1298.