1990-2015年间苏锡常都市圈城镇与绿色生态空间景观格局演变分析
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摘要
景观指数是计量景观格局、定量化回顾区域土地变化的一种重要方法。本文在传统的景观格局评价基础上,提出引入干扰度指数描述城镇与绿色生态空间相互干扰的强弱,以苏锡常都市圈为例,依据1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年6期遥感影像分类数据,对该地区土地利用变化进行了分析,重点对城镇与绿色生态空间景观格局干扰水平的变化过程进行了评价。研究表明:1) 1990—2015年间苏锡常都市圈建设用地快速扩张,规模增加了3313.93km~2,农田面积缩减了3585.21km~2,而以林地为主的绿色生态空间规模变化不大。2)25年间,研究区内景观多样性Shannon指数不断增加,破碎度NP指数先增加后减少;农田的优势度LPI指数不断降低,形状指数LSI不断上升;城镇景观的形状经历了规则—复杂—规则的过程,并较1990年呈现更加连片紧实的分布状态;林地的规模与形状LSI未发生较大变化,但是城镇对其的干扰度AI不断上升,人类活动对绿色生态空间干扰不断增强。3)上述变化的主要驱动力来自城镇人口增加、经济发展。此外,研究认为干扰度指数的应用能很好地描述城镇对绿色生态空间的影响,本研究结论能够为苏锡常都市圈的城镇与生态绿化系统规划提供重要的数据支持。
To describe the strength of mutual interference between urban and green ecological space,this paper introduces the association index in the study of land use change in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area. Based on the data of sensing images in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, the land use change and landscape pattern change were discussed, and the emphasis was put on the evaluation of changing process of the interference between urban and green ecological space. The research shows that: 1)The land cover in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area had undergone great changes in 1990-2015,the urban has expanded rapidly in the past 25 years and the area of farmland has been continuously reduced However, the area of forest-based green ecological space has remained almost unchanged. 2) The shape of the farmland was more complicated, however, the shape of the urban landscape became more regular. For the forest landscape, although the area and shape have not changed a lot, the association index between urban landscape and forest landscape was increasing, which means the human activities continue to intensify the interference with green ecological space. 3) The major driving forces of these changes from 1990 to 2015 were economic development and urban population growth. This study considers that the application of association index can accurately describe the interference between urban and green space, and the conclusions of this study also provide important basic data support for planning and environmental protection.
To describe the strength of mutual interference between urban and green ecological space,this paper introduces the association index in the study of land use change in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area. Based on the data of sensing images in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, the land use change and landscape pattern change were discussed, and the emphasis was put on the evaluation of changing process of the interference between urban and green ecological space. The research shows that: 1)The land cover in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area had undergone great changes in 1990-2015,the urban has expanded rapidly in the past 25 years and the area of farmland has been continuously reduced However, the area of forest-based green ecological space has remained almost unchanged. 2) The shape of the farmland was more complicated, however, the shape of the urban landscape became more regular. For the forest landscape, although the area and shape have not changed a lot, the association index between urban landscape and forest landscape was increasing, which means the human activities continue to intensify the interference with green ecological space. 3) The major driving forces of these changes from 1990 to 2015 were economic development and urban population growth. This study considers that the application of association index can accurately describe the interference between urban and green space, and the conclusions of this study also provide important basic data support for planning and environmental protection.
引文
[1]杨沅志,薛冬冬,张浩,等.快速城市化地区城市森林景观破碎化的动态演变分析[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(4):97-104.
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[12]章波,濮励杰,黄贤金,等.城市区域土地利用变化及驱动机制研究:以长江三角洲地区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):28-33.
[13]刘敏,许世远,侯立军,等.长江三角洲土地利用/土地覆被动态变化及其环境效应[J].资源科学,2010(8):1533-1537.
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[16]孙飞,陈敏学,毛丽君,等.中国大陆省级尺度森林破碎化特征评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011(1):43-51.
[17]Abdullah S A, Nakagoshi N. Changes in agricultural landscape pattern and its spatial relationship with forestland in the State of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia[J].Landscape&Urban Planning, 2008, 87(2):147-155.
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[19]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报(英文版),2014,24(2):195-210.
[20]刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,等.2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):789-802.
[21]史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,等.1994-2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468-1479.
[22]王璐,丁建丽.基于景观尺度的艾比湖保护区LUCC变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):217-223.
[23]王观湧,张乐,陈青锋,等.土地利用景观格局演变及驱动力分析:以唐山市曹妃甸新区为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):84-88.
[24]李晨曦,吴克宁,查理思.京津冀地区土地利用变化特征及其驱动力分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(S1):252-255.
[2]李明诗,徐祎凡,李云梅,等.南方集体林区森林破碎化模式及趋势遥感刻画:以浙江余杭为例[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):135-139.
[3]邵国权,许吉仁,戴文婷,等.南京市景观格局演变与廊道网络构建研究[J].现代城市研究,2014(4):73-79.
[4]何飞,王利.近20年来黄州城市形态演化及驱动机制研究[J].现代城市研究,2017(6):56-62.
[5]龚富华,杨山.开发区快速建设影响下的苏州城市空间形态演化分析[J].现代城市研究,2017(2):47-53.
[6]邬建国.景观生态学:概念与理论[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(1):42-52.
[7]张秋菊,傅伯杰,陈利顶.关于景观格局演变研究的几个问题[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):264-270.
[8]钱敏,濮励杰,张晶.基于改进景观扩张指数苏锡常地区城镇扩展空间形态变化[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):314-321.
[9]刘登娥,陈爽.近30年来苏锡常城市增长形态过程与聚散规律[J].地理科学,2012,32(1):47-54.
[10]熊伟婷,杨俊宴.1949年后无锡城市空间形态演化特征的定量研究[J].现代城市研究,2016(2):56-61.
[11]全泉,田光进,王健.长江三角洲四城市城镇化过程景观动态变化格局比较[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(4):721-727.
[12]章波,濮励杰,黄贤金,等.城市区域土地利用变化及驱动机制研究:以长江三角洲地区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):28-33.
[13]刘敏,许世远,侯立军,等.长江三角洲土地利用/土地覆被动态变化及其环境效应[J].资源科学,2010(8):1533-1537.
[14]吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦含途径分析[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(3):1-10.
[15]陈利顶,孙然好,刘海莲.城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1042-1050.
[16]孙飞,陈敏学,毛丽君,等.中国大陆省级尺度森林破碎化特征评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011(1):43-51.
[17]Abdullah S A, Nakagoshi N. Changes in agricultural landscape pattern and its spatial relationship with forestland in the State of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia[J].Landscape&Urban Planning, 2008, 87(2):147-155.
[18]Li M, Mao L, Zhou C, et al. Comparing forest fragmentation and its drivers in China and the USA with Globcover v2.2[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2010,91(12):2572-2580.
[19]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报(英文版),2014,24(2):195-210.
[20]刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,等.2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):789-802.
[21]史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,等.1994-2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468-1479.
[22]王璐,丁建丽.基于景观尺度的艾比湖保护区LUCC变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):217-223.
[23]王观湧,张乐,陈青锋,等.土地利用景观格局演变及驱动力分析:以唐山市曹妃甸新区为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):84-88.
[24]李晨曦,吴克宁,查理思.京津冀地区土地利用变化特征及其驱动力分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(S1):252-255.