棱边强化薄壁方管轴向压溃吸能特性
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摘要
采用Hypermesh 9.0和Lsdyna 971数值仿真分析了棱边强化对薄壁方管轴向压溃过程能量吸收机理的影响。基于单个方管折叠单元能量平衡方程,采用分项能量修正法和影响因子归一化建立了棱边强化薄壁方管轴向压溃能量平衡方程。理论推导出棱边强化方管平均压溃力预测公式和吸能增幅表达式,其中,平均压溃力的仿真结果与预测公式计算结果吻合较好。Q235方管压溃试验结果表明,棱边强化方管平均压溃力公式也可用于预测原始方管,且效果更好。吸能对比表明:棱边强化后,棱边与平板的塑性变形在轴向压溃过程中存在强耦合关系,两部分的吸能均有提升。对于截面为56.36mm×56.36mm、厚度为1.0mm的薄壁方管,棱边约强化4倍,4条棱边仅占薄壁方管截面9.09%,理论上可使方管总体吸能量提升近30%,可见棱边强化能显著提升薄壁方管轴向压溃吸能水平。
A numerical simulation is conducted with Hypermesh 9.0 and Lsdyna 971 to analyze the effects of ridgeline strengthening(RS) on the energy absorption mechanism of thin-walled square tube subjected to axial crushing.Based on the energy balance equation of a folding element in common square tube,the energy balance equations of RS thin-walled square tube in axial crushing are set up by using partial energy correction and influencing factor normalization.The predicting formulas for mean crushing force and the expression of energy absorption increasing margin of RS thin-walled square tube are derived theoretically,in which the results of simulation agree well with the results calculated by predicting formulas.Crushing test results of Q235 square tube show that the predicting formula of mean crushing force for RS thin-walled square tube is also suitable for original square tube with better prediction result.The comparison of energy absorbed indicates that there is a strong coupling relationship of plastic deformation between stress-strengthened ridgeline and plate in axial crushing,so the energy absorbed in both parts all increase.For a specific RS thin-walled square tube with a cross section of 56.36 mm×56.36 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm,the yield stresses of its four ridge lines are strengthened to as high as 4 times of original ones,so its energy absorbed can increase by about 30% theoretically,though the proportion of four strengthened ridges is only 9.09% of the total perimeter of cross section,demonstrating that RS can significantly enhance the energy absorption capability of thin-walled square tube in axial crushing.
A numerical simulation is conducted with Hypermesh 9.0 and Lsdyna 971 to analyze the effects of ridgeline strengthening(RS) on the energy absorption mechanism of thin-walled square tube subjected to axial crushing.Based on the energy balance equation of a folding element in common square tube,the energy balance equations of RS thin-walled square tube in axial crushing are set up by using partial energy correction and influencing factor normalization.The predicting formulas for mean crushing force and the expression of energy absorption increasing margin of RS thin-walled square tube are derived theoretically,in which the results of simulation agree well with the results calculated by predicting formulas.Crushing test results of Q235 square tube show that the predicting formula of mean crushing force for RS thin-walled square tube is also suitable for original square tube with better prediction result.The comparison of energy absorbed indicates that there is a strong coupling relationship of plastic deformation between stress-strengthened ridgeline and plate in axial crushing,so the energy absorbed in both parts all increase.For a specific RS thin-walled square tube with a cross section of 56.36 mm×56.36 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm,the yield stresses of its four ridge lines are strengthened to as high as 4 times of original ones,so its energy absorbed can increase by about 30% theoretically,though the proportion of four strengthened ridges is only 9.09% of the total perimeter of cross section,demonstrating that RS can significantly enhance the energy absorption capability of thin-walled square tube in axial crushing.
引文
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[21]王青春,范子杰.利用LS-DYNA计算结构准静态压溃的改进方法[J].力学与实践,2003,25(3):20-23.
[2]范子杰,桂良进,苏瑞意.汽车轻量化技术的研究和进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(1):1-16.
[3]MALLICK P K.汽车轻量化:材料、设计与制造[M].于京诺,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[4]ALTAN T.Hot-stamping boron alloyed steels for automotive parts[J].Part I:Process Methods and Uses.Stamping Journal,2006:40-41.
[5]DYKEMAN J,MALCOLM S,HUANG G,et al.Characterization of edge fracture in various types of advanced high strength steel[C].SAE Paper 2011-01-1058.
[6]KIM C H,CHOI J K,KANG M J,et al.A study on the CO2laser welding characteristics of high strength steel up to 1500 MPa for automotive application[J].Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering,2010,39(1):79-86.
[7]PEREZ-SANTIAGO R,BILLUR E,ADEMAJ A,et al.Hot stamping a B-pillar with tailored properties:experiments and preliminary simulation results[C].4thInternational Conference,Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High-performance Steel CHS2,Lulea,Sweden,2013:83-90.
[8]嵇明,安孫子拓也,岡村俊明.異なる材料強度の稜線を有する箱形断面の圧縮曲げ強度[C].自動車技術会論文集.とうきょう:日本自動車エンジニア学会,2015,46(3):645-652.
[9]ABRAMOWICZ W,JONES N.Dynamic progressive buckling of circular and square tubes[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1986,4(4):243-270.
[10]郑玉卿,朱西产,董学勤,等.Q235B直缝焊管轴向冲击性能的理论和试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(20):98-103.
[11]WHITE M D,JONES N.Experimental quasi-static axial crushing of top-hat and double-hat thin-walled sections[J].Int.J.Mech.Sci.,1999,41:179-208.
[12]WHITE M D,JONES N.Experimental study into the energy absorbing characteristics of top-hat and double-hat sections subjected to dynamic axial crushing[J].Proc.Instn Mech.Engrs,Part D:J.Automobile Engineering,1999,213(D3):259-278.
[13]SCHNEIDER F,JONES N.Impact of thin-walled high-strength steel structural sections[J].Proc.Instn Mech.Engrs,Part D:J.Automobile Engineering,2004,218(D3):131-158.
[14]WIERZBICKI T,ABRAMOWICZ W.On the crushing mechanics of thin-walled structures[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1983,50:727-734.
[15]REID S R,REDDY T Y,GRAY M D.Static and dynamic axial crushing of foam-filled sheet metal tubes[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1986,28:295-322.
[16]MENG Q,AL-HASSANI S T S,SODEN P D.Axial crushing of square tubes[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1983,25(9/10):747-773.
[17]CALLADINE C R.Theory of shell structure[M].Cambridge University Press,1983.
[18]郑玉卿,朱西产,胡强,等.棱线强化薄壁方管轴向压溃力学特性[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(6):949-954.
[19]余同希,卢国兴.材料与结构的能量吸收[M].华云龙,译.北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[20]桂良进,范子杰,王青春.泡沫填充圆管的动态轴向压溃吸能特性[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(5):709-712.
[21]王青春,范子杰.利用LS-DYNA计算结构准静态压溃的改进方法[J].力学与实践,2003,25(3):20-23.