兰州市中药材人工种植现状调研
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摘要
目的:为推进中药材规模化、规范化、精品化种植提供参考。方法:2013年6月-2018年12月,兰州市食品药品检验所通过电话与各区县农业局沟通、与有关乡镇政府联系和实地走访调查三种方式,对兰州市各区县中药材种植地中药材的品种、面积、产量和产值、栽培技术、加工方式等情况进行调研及统计,分析其优势和存在的问题,提出中药材种植的合理化建议。结果与结论:2018年全年,兰州市共有人工种植中药材品种21种,种植总面积约51万亩,年产量达17万吨,年产值超17亿元,栽培技术主要包括育苗移栽、覆膜或直接播种的形式,加工则以晾晒为主。兰州市人工种植中药材已具有一定的规模、特色品种突出、道地性得到保证、中药材种植与旅游相结合带动经济发展。但是也存在达不到产业化发展的要求、品种退化、基础研究落后、自然灾害严重等问题。建议兰州市应在加大宣传、扩大优势的同时,加大政府支持力度,发展构建中药材种植基地,加强良好农业规范(GAP)意识,加强科学研究力度,探索中药材良种繁育技术,开展中药材保险,保障种植产业的发展,以此促进兰州市中药材规模化、规范化、精品化种植。
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting large-scale,standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS:Through the communication by phone with the agriculture bureau of each district and county,the contact with the relevant township government and the field visit investigation during Jun. 2013-Dec. 2018 by Lanzhou institute for food and drug control,variety,area,yield and output value,cultivation techniques and processing methods of Chinese medicinal materials in the planting area of Lanzhou were investigated and statistically analyzed. The advantages and problems were analyzed,and reasonable suggestions for planting Chinese medicinal materials were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In 2018,artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in lanzhou has a certain scale,with 21 artificial planting varieties,a total planting area of about 510 000 mu,an annual output of 170 000 tons,an annual production value of over 1.7 billion yuan. Cultivation techniques mainly include seedling transplanting,mulching or direct seeding,while drying is the main processing method. Artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in Lanzhou has a certain scale and prominent characteristic varieties;authenticity is guaranteed,and the combination of Chinese medicinal materials planting and tourism drives economic development. However,there are still some problems,such as a certain distance from the development of industrialization,variety degradation,backward basic research,serious natural disasters. It is suggested to strengthen its propaganda and expand its advantages,at the same time,enhance government support,develop and construct planting bases of Chinese medicinal materials,strengthen the awareness of good agricultural practice(GAP),strengthen scientific research strengeh,explore breeding techniques of fine varieties of Chinese medicinal materials,develop insurance of Chinese medicinal materials,and guarantee the development of planting industry so as to promote large-scale,standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials.
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting large-scale,standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS:Through the communication by phone with the agriculture bureau of each district and county,the contact with the relevant township government and the field visit investigation during Jun. 2013-Dec. 2018 by Lanzhou institute for food and drug control,variety,area,yield and output value,cultivation techniques and processing methods of Chinese medicinal materials in the planting area of Lanzhou were investigated and statistically analyzed. The advantages and problems were analyzed,and reasonable suggestions for planting Chinese medicinal materials were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In 2018,artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in lanzhou has a certain scale,with 21 artificial planting varieties,a total planting area of about 510 000 mu,an annual output of 170 000 tons,an annual production value of over 1.7 billion yuan. Cultivation techniques mainly include seedling transplanting,mulching or direct seeding,while drying is the main processing method. Artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in Lanzhou has a certain scale and prominent characteristic varieties;authenticity is guaranteed,and the combination of Chinese medicinal materials planting and tourism drives economic development. However,there are still some problems,such as a certain distance from the development of industrialization,variety degradation,backward basic research,serious natural disasters. It is suggested to strengthen its propaganda and expand its advantages,at the same time,enhance government support,develop and construct planting bases of Chinese medicinal materials,strengthen the awareness of good agricultural practice(GAP),strengthen scientific research strengeh,explore breeding techniques of fine varieties of Chinese medicinal materials,develop insurance of Chinese medicinal materials,and guarantee the development of planting industry so as to promote large-scale,standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials.
引文
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[2]杜景周.兰州市南北两山药用植物资源调查及其应用的探讨[J].西北华北林业调查规划,2002,60(1):35-39.
[3]陈西仓.甘肃国家重点保护野生药用植物资源[J].中国林副特产,2007,87(2):73-76.
[4]鲁滨.甘肃省永登县药用植物资源调查及保护对策研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.
[5]马真胜.兰州市七里河区中药材生产发展探讨[J].农业科技与信息,2014(1):24-26.
[6]江晶,杨一斐,张朝巍,等.兰州百合优势种植区分布与土壤养分分析[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(7):45-47.
[7]柴宗兵,梁巧兰,张虎,等.连作技术对兰州百合种植的影响及控制措施:以兰州市西固区金沟乡为例[J].农业科技与信息,2015(6):9-11.
[8]王金盘,陈学林,满自红,等.甘肃连城国家级自然保护区药用植物资源多样性及开发利用研究[J].北方园艺,2013,46(14):159-163.
[9]郭鹏辉,王瑾书,韦体,等.苦水玫瑰的开发利用现状与发展对策[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(13):31-38.
[10]张翠兰.未来五年永登县草牧业发展目标及对策[J].草原草业,2016,46(19):110-115.
[11]谈存英,周逢满.榆中北部干旱山区生态修复思路探析[J].甘肃科技,2017,33(14):1-2.
[12]岳临平.榆中县山旱地甘草高产栽培技术要点[J].农业科技与信息,2015,460(11):68.
[13]林楠,杨宗学,蔺海明,等.不同产地枸杞质量的比较研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(2):34-39.
[14]杨宗学,林楠,蔺海明,等.基于HPLC对不同产地枸杞子中甜菜碱含量的研究[J].中国现代中药,2013,15(7):552-555.
[15]陈亮.十大陇药产销分析[J].中国现代中药,2009,11(8):42-43.
[16]赵容,尹海波,刘振亮,等.新宾县资源普查品种整理[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(13):54-60.
[17]李斌.七里河区百合连作障碍产生原因及防控技术措施[J].农业与技术,2017,37(15):35-39.
[18]李斌.七里河区百合产业发展优势及存在问题与对策[J].农业开发与装备,2016(12):5-7.
[19]赵文文,赵香妍,薛文峰,等.北京市平谷区中药材种植基地调研报告[J].北京中医药,2015,34(12):986-989.
[20]鲁潇,张春椿,张文恺,等.浙江省衢江区乌溪江库区中草药资源开发调研报告[J].中国医药导报,2010,7(11):116-118.
[21]韩金华,孟庆强.聊城市中药材资源及规范化种植情况调研报告[J].齐鲁药事,2005,24(11):663-665.
[22]古丽斯坦.新疆中药资源及其开展全国中药资源普查中的几点思考[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2012,18(21):348-350.
[23]冉懋雄.加快贵州中药农业发展,推进贵州中药现代化与中药产业建设[J].中国药房,2007,18(15):1121-1123.