樱花红色系品种苗期生长特性及变异规律分析
|
摘要
以33种红色系樱花品种为试验材料,通过观测其在杭州地区的嫁接成活率、物候和生长情况,分析各品种物候因子、生长因子的特征及其与环境因子的关系,以期探究红色系樱花品种在杭州地区的物候、生长特性及变异规律,为今后引种驯化、栽培管理提供依据。结果表明:33种红色系品种中26种樱花的嫁接成活率达85%以上;22种樱花为高抗型品种,"旭山"樱、"花笠"樱、"河津"樱等品种表现出较好的适应性。各品种间物候存在丰富的变异,叶芽萌动期在品种间变异系数最大,为11.69%;落叶始期极差最大,达96 d;叶片持绿期变异系数为11.10%。物候因子、生长因子及二因子之间均具有相关性;生长因子与萌动期、展叶期呈负相关,与叶变色期、落叶期呈正相关。根据主成分分析的方法,将5个物候因子和2个生长量因子综合为3个主成分,根据主成分值将33个红色系品种分为4类,分别为短生长期型、长生长期型、早物候型和中间型。
To investigate variation of phenology and growth of thirty-three Cerasus cultivars with red flowers in Hangzhou,the characteristics of phenology and growth,and the relationship between these characteristics and environmental were analyzed based on survival percentage of grafting,annual growth and phenological period,which would be helpful for planting and managing.The results showed that the survival rate of grafting of twenty-six cultivars in all cultivars was more than 85%.Twenty-two cultivars were high disease resistant,including Cerasus serrulata 'Asahiyama',C.serrulata 'Hanagasa',C.×kanzakura 'Kawazu-zakura'et al.In phenology,these cultivars had abundant variation,especially the date of leaf bud germination,with the coefficient variation of11.69%.The maximum range of leaf fall was 96 days,and the coefficient variation of stay green was11.10%.Both intra-and inter-of phenology traits and growth traits were relevant.The growth traits were negatively correlated with leaf bud germination date and leaf expanding date,and were positively correlated with leaf discoloration date and leaf fall date.Using principle component analysis(PC),the phenology traits and growth traits were synthesized into three components.According to the values of PC,all of the cultivars were divided into four types,short growth-period type,long growth-period type,early phenology type and middle type.
To investigate variation of phenology and growth of thirty-three Cerasus cultivars with red flowers in Hangzhou,the characteristics of phenology and growth,and the relationship between these characteristics and environmental were analyzed based on survival percentage of grafting,annual growth and phenological period,which would be helpful for planting and managing.The results showed that the survival rate of grafting of twenty-six cultivars in all cultivars was more than 85%.Twenty-two cultivars were high disease resistant,including Cerasus serrulata 'Asahiyama',C.serrulata 'Hanagasa',C.×kanzakura 'Kawazu-zakura'et al.In phenology,these cultivars had abundant variation,especially the date of leaf bud germination,with the coefficient variation of11.69%.The maximum range of leaf fall was 96 days,and the coefficient variation of stay green was11.10%.Both intra-and inter-of phenology traits and growth traits were relevant.The growth traits were negatively correlated with leaf bud germination date and leaf expanding date,and were positively correlated with leaf discoloration date and leaf fall date.Using principle component analysis(PC),the phenology traits and growth traits were synthesized into three components.According to the values of PC,all of the cultivars were divided into four types,short growth-period type,long growth-period type,early phenology type and middle type.
引文
[1] 蒋冬月,钱永强,李振坚,等.柳树无性系在北京地区的苗期生态适应性[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):17-23.
[2] GONZáLEZGONZáLEZ B D,GARCíAGONZáLEZ I,VáZQUEZRUIZ R A.Comparative cambial dynamics and phenology of Quercus robur L.and Q.pyrenaica Willd.in an Atlantic forest of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula[J].Trees,2013,27(6):1571-1585.
[3] CORTéS-FLORES J,HERNáNDEZ-ESQUIVEL K B,GONZáLEZ-RODRíGUEZ A,et al.Flowering phenology,growth forms,and pollination syndromes in tropical dry forest species:Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors[J].American Journal of Botany,2017,104(1):39-49.
[4] ANDRESEN C G,TWEEDIE C E,LOUGHEED V L.Climate and nutrient effects on Arctic wetland plant phenology observed from phenocams[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,205:45-55.
[5] REYER C,LEUZINGER S,RAMMIG A,et al.A plant′s perspective of extremes:Terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability[J].Glob Chang Biol,2012,19(1):75-89.
[6] LI C L,BRUCE B.Flora of China.Volume 9:Pittosporaceae through connaraceae[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[7] AONO Y,KAZUI K.Phenological data series of cherry tree flowering in Kyoto,Japan,and its application to reconstruction of springtime temperatures since the 9th century[J].International Journal of Climatology,2008,28(7):905-914.
[8] YUKITAKA O,HIROSHI K,YOSHINORI S,et al.The phenology of cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’) and the geographic features contributing to its flowering[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2012,56(5):903-914.
[9] 张德顺,刘鸣.上海木本植物早春花期对城市热岛效应的时空响应[J].中国园林,2017,33(1):72-77.
[10] 谭秀梅,段晓梅,樊国盛,等.冬樱花物候及观赏期观测[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(1):18-20.
[11] 黄俊婷.福建山樱花开花物候特性[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(3):121-124.
[12] 张爱英,张建华,高迎新,等.SW物候模型在北京樱花始花期预测中的应用[J].气象科技,2015,43(2):309-313.
[13] 陈正洪,肖玫,陈璇.樱花花期变化特征及其与冬季气温变化的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5209-5217.
[14] 况红玲,王燕,王昆,等.14个日本引进樱花品种在武汉地区的生长及开花物候期观测初报[J].绿色科技,2014,1(7):43-45.
[15] 罗佳.陕西杨凌近30年来日本樱花花期的演变及其指示意义[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(11):165-170.
[16] 叶宏宝,石晓燕,李冬,等.浙江省农业气候资源时空变化特征研究[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1021-1030.
[17] 沈家玉.树木园物候观察及其应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1992,16(3):108.
[18] 陈璋.影响福建山樱花嫁接成活率的若干因素[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(6):581-584.
[19] SPARKS T H,CARAEY P D.The responses of species to climate over two centuries:an analysis of the Marsham phenological record,1736-1947[J].Journal of Ecology,1995,83(2):321-329.
[20] 王连喜,陈怀亮,李琪,等.植物物候与气候研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):447-454.
[21] 杨杉,樊孝萍,苏晓华,等.南方型美洲黑杨种质资源物候期特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(7):7-11.
[22] 刘佳琦,曾影,夏莹,等.利用观赏植物物候预测草坪杂草发生[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):400-408.
[23] 李荣平,张晓月,李晶.气候变化背景下紫丁香花期物候特征及其模拟研究[J].北方园艺,2018(1):109-113.
[24] 杨晓东,姬盼盼,热依沙,等.31种木本植物开花物候与系统发育的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1003-1015.
[25] 于梦,赵蕊,王崇章,等.牡丹物候期观测及温湿度相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2017(1):70-75.
[26] ZHANG X,FRIEDL M A,SCHAAF C B,et al.Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data[J].Global Change Biology,2010,10(7):1133-1145.
[27] 师桂花,季晓丽,陈素华.气候变化对典型草原糙隐子草物候期和产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(1):42-49.
[28] 张飞联,赵仕湘,吴爱娟,等.物候对益母草生长和总生物碱积累的影响[J].中草药,2000,31(5):371-374.
[29] 孙晓梅,张守攻,周德义,等.落叶松种间及种内和种间杂种家系间的物候变异与早期选择[J].林业科学,2008,44(1):77-84.
[2] GONZáLEZGONZáLEZ B D,GARCíAGONZáLEZ I,VáZQUEZRUIZ R A.Comparative cambial dynamics and phenology of Quercus robur L.and Q.pyrenaica Willd.in an Atlantic forest of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula[J].Trees,2013,27(6):1571-1585.
[3] CORTéS-FLORES J,HERNáNDEZ-ESQUIVEL K B,GONZáLEZ-RODRíGUEZ A,et al.Flowering phenology,growth forms,and pollination syndromes in tropical dry forest species:Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors[J].American Journal of Botany,2017,104(1):39-49.
[4] ANDRESEN C G,TWEEDIE C E,LOUGHEED V L.Climate and nutrient effects on Arctic wetland plant phenology observed from phenocams[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,205:45-55.
[5] REYER C,LEUZINGER S,RAMMIG A,et al.A plant′s perspective of extremes:Terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability[J].Glob Chang Biol,2012,19(1):75-89.
[6] LI C L,BRUCE B.Flora of China.Volume 9:Pittosporaceae through connaraceae[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[7] AONO Y,KAZUI K.Phenological data series of cherry tree flowering in Kyoto,Japan,and its application to reconstruction of springtime temperatures since the 9th century[J].International Journal of Climatology,2008,28(7):905-914.
[8] YUKITAKA O,HIROSHI K,YOSHINORI S,et al.The phenology of cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’) and the geographic features contributing to its flowering[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2012,56(5):903-914.
[9] 张德顺,刘鸣.上海木本植物早春花期对城市热岛效应的时空响应[J].中国园林,2017,33(1):72-77.
[10] 谭秀梅,段晓梅,樊国盛,等.冬樱花物候及观赏期观测[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(1):18-20.
[11] 黄俊婷.福建山樱花开花物候特性[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(3):121-124.
[12] 张爱英,张建华,高迎新,等.SW物候模型在北京樱花始花期预测中的应用[J].气象科技,2015,43(2):309-313.
[13] 陈正洪,肖玫,陈璇.樱花花期变化特征及其与冬季气温变化的关系[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5209-5217.
[14] 况红玲,王燕,王昆,等.14个日本引进樱花品种在武汉地区的生长及开花物候期观测初报[J].绿色科技,2014,1(7):43-45.
[15] 罗佳.陕西杨凌近30年来日本樱花花期的演变及其指示意义[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(11):165-170.
[16] 叶宏宝,石晓燕,李冬,等.浙江省农业气候资源时空变化特征研究[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1021-1030.
[17] 沈家玉.树木园物候观察及其应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1992,16(3):108.
[18] 陈璋.影响福建山樱花嫁接成活率的若干因素[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(6):581-584.
[19] SPARKS T H,CARAEY P D.The responses of species to climate over two centuries:an analysis of the Marsham phenological record,1736-1947[J].Journal of Ecology,1995,83(2):321-329.
[20] 王连喜,陈怀亮,李琪,等.植物物候与气候研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):447-454.
[21] 杨杉,樊孝萍,苏晓华,等.南方型美洲黑杨种质资源物候期特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(7):7-11.
[22] 刘佳琦,曾影,夏莹,等.利用观赏植物物候预测草坪杂草发生[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):400-408.
[23] 李荣平,张晓月,李晶.气候变化背景下紫丁香花期物候特征及其模拟研究[J].北方园艺,2018(1):109-113.
[24] 杨晓东,姬盼盼,热依沙,等.31种木本植物开花物候与系统发育的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1003-1015.
[25] 于梦,赵蕊,王崇章,等.牡丹物候期观测及温湿度相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2017(1):70-75.
[26] ZHANG X,FRIEDL M A,SCHAAF C B,et al.Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data[J].Global Change Biology,2010,10(7):1133-1145.
[27] 师桂花,季晓丽,陈素华.气候变化对典型草原糙隐子草物候期和产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(1):42-49.
[28] 张飞联,赵仕湘,吴爱娟,等.物候对益母草生长和总生物碱积累的影响[J].中草药,2000,31(5):371-374.
[29] 孙晓梅,张守攻,周德义,等.落叶松种间及种内和种间杂种家系间的物候变异与早期选择[J].林业科学,2008,44(1):77-84.