不同播期对春玉米产量及产量构成的影响
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摘要
2016、2017年,在哈尔滨地区以早熟、中熟、晚熟不同熟期各2个玉米品种为试材,设6个播种处理,明确不同播期对玉米生育期和产量及其构成的影响,探索适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植玉米品种的播期,选择在遇到低温冷害等极端天气需要的替代品种。结果表明,哈尔滨当地品种最迟播种时间为5月6日,能够保证玉米正常成熟。在5月6日后中熟品种产量高于晚熟品种,产量均呈降低趋势。若前期遇到低温冷害等极端天气,播种推迟至5月中旬左右时,应选择中熟品种代替晚熟品种,确保玉米产量安全。
Maize sowing date has impacts on its yield. In 2016 and 2017, we evaluated six maize cultivars(two early maturing varieties, two middle maturing varieties, and two late maturing varieties) at six sowing date of April 15, April 22, April 29, May 6, May 13, and May 20, aiming to select the suitable and additional varieties as well as their proper sowing time in first accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang, China. The additional variety was prepared for extreme weather such as low temperature. We investigated maize growth stage, grain yield and yield components. May 6 is the latest maize planting date in this region, when the maize can mature normally in autumn.When sowing date is later than May 6, the middle and late maturing varieties both show a decreasing yield trend,with the yield of middle maturing variety is higher. When extreme weather(i.e. low temperature) happen and delay maize sowing date to May, the middle maturing variety is a good choice for local maize production, which can ensure a relative high yield.
Maize sowing date has impacts on its yield. In 2016 and 2017, we evaluated six maize cultivars(two early maturing varieties, two middle maturing varieties, and two late maturing varieties) at six sowing date of April 15, April 22, April 29, May 6, May 13, and May 20, aiming to select the suitable and additional varieties as well as their proper sowing time in first accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang, China. The additional variety was prepared for extreme weather such as low temperature. We investigated maize growth stage, grain yield and yield components. May 6 is the latest maize planting date in this region, when the maize can mature normally in autumn.When sowing date is later than May 6, the middle and late maturing varieties both show a decreasing yield trend,with the yield of middle maturing variety is higher. When extreme weather(i.e. low temperature) happen and delay maize sowing date to May, the middle maturing variety is a good choice for local maize production, which can ensure a relative high yield.
引文
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[8]李潮海,苏新宏,谢瑞芝,等.超高产栽培条件下夏玉米产量与气候生态条件关系研究[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(3):311-316.Li C H,Su X H,Xie R Z,et al.Study on relationship between grainyield of summer corn and climatic ecological condition under superhigh-yield culrtivation[J].Scientia Agricultrua Sinica,2001,34(3):311-316.(in Chinese)
[9]李向岭,李从锋,侯玉虹,等.不同播期夏玉米产量性能动态指标及其生态效应[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(6):1074-1083.Li X L,Li C F,Hou Y H,et al.Dynamic characteristics of summer maize yield performance in different planting dates and its effect of ecological factors[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(6):1074-1083.(in Chinese)
[10]李言照,东先旺,刘光亮,等.光温因子对玉米产量及产量构成因子值的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):86-89.Li Y Z,Dong X W,Liu G L,et al.Effects of light and temperature factors on yield and its components in maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2002,10(2):86-89.(in Chinese)
[11]曹士亮,于芳兰,王成波,等.降水量与积温对玉米气象产量影响的综合分析[J].作物杂志,2009(3):62-65.Cao S L,Yu F L,Wang C B,et al.Comprehensive analysis of the influences of precipitation and accumulated temperature on meteorological yield of maize[J].Crops,2009(3):62-65.(in Chinese)
[12]赵建武,白文斌,刘贵锋,等.不同播期、积温、降水量对高粱农艺性状形成及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2014,4(4):1-4.Zhao J W,Bai W B,Liu G F,et al.The effects of different sowing dates,Accumulated temperature and rainfall on agronomic characters and yield[J].Journal of Agriculture,2014,4(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[2]张宾,赵明,董志强,等.作物产量“三合结构”定量方程及高产分析[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1674-1688.Zhang B Zhao M,Dong Z Q,et al.“Three Combination Structure”quantitative expression and high yield analysis in crops[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,33(10):1674-1681.(in Chinese)
[3]刘培利,东先旺,辛淑亮,等.高产夏玉米与播期的关系的研究[J].玉米科学,1993(1):23-27.Wang P L,Dong X W,Xin S L,et al.Study on the relationship between high-yield summer maize and sowing period[J].Journal of Maize Science,1993(1):23-27.(in Chinese)
[4]马国胜,薛吉全,路海东,等.播种时期与密度对关中灌区夏玉米群体生理指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1247-1253.Ma G S,Xue J Q,Lu H D,et al.Effects of planting date and density on population physiological indices of summer corn(Zea mays L)in central shan xi irrigation area[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(6):1247-1253.(in Chinese)
[5]李洁,晋凡生,张冬梅,等.播期对不同熟期玉米品种生育期及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2016,6(12):1-7.Li J,Jin F S,Zhang D M,et al.Effects of sowing dates on growth stage and yield of maize varieties with different maturity periods[J].Journal of Agriculture,2016,6(12):1-7.(in Chinese)
[6]张宁,杜雄,江东岭,等.播期对夏玉米生长发育及产量影响的研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2009,32(5):7-11.Zhang N,Du X,Jiang D L,et al.Effect of sowing date on growth and yield of summer corn(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2009,32(5):7-11.(in Chinese)
[7]刘月娥,谢瑞芝,张厚宝,等.不同生态区玉米适时晚收增产效果[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(13):2820-2828.Liu Y E,Xie R Z,Zhang H B,et al.Study on increasing rate of maize yield after putting off harvest time in different ecoregions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(13):2820-2828.(in Chinese)
[8]李潮海,苏新宏,谢瑞芝,等.超高产栽培条件下夏玉米产量与气候生态条件关系研究[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(3):311-316.Li C H,Su X H,Xie R Z,et al.Study on relationship between grainyield of summer corn and climatic ecological condition under superhigh-yield culrtivation[J].Scientia Agricultrua Sinica,2001,34(3):311-316.(in Chinese)
[9]李向岭,李从锋,侯玉虹,等.不同播期夏玉米产量性能动态指标及其生态效应[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(6):1074-1083.Li X L,Li C F,Hou Y H,et al.Dynamic characteristics of summer maize yield performance in different planting dates and its effect of ecological factors[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(6):1074-1083.(in Chinese)
[10]李言照,东先旺,刘光亮,等.光温因子对玉米产量及产量构成因子值的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):86-89.Li Y Z,Dong X W,Liu G L,et al.Effects of light and temperature factors on yield and its components in maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2002,10(2):86-89.(in Chinese)
[11]曹士亮,于芳兰,王成波,等.降水量与积温对玉米气象产量影响的综合分析[J].作物杂志,2009(3):62-65.Cao S L,Yu F L,Wang C B,et al.Comprehensive analysis of the influences of precipitation and accumulated temperature on meteorological yield of maize[J].Crops,2009(3):62-65.(in Chinese)
[12]赵建武,白文斌,刘贵锋,等.不同播期、积温、降水量对高粱农艺性状形成及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2014,4(4):1-4.Zhao J W,Bai W B,Liu G F,et al.The effects of different sowing dates,Accumulated temperature and rainfall on agronomic characters and yield[J].Journal of Agriculture,2014,4(4):1-4.(in Chinese)