新疆准东荒漠区5种典型植物水分来源
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摘要
水是植物的主要限制性因子之一,不同生活型植物水分来源不同。运用稳定同位素示踪技术,对准东荒漠区5种典型植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、白梭梭(H.persicum)、刺旋花(Convolvulus tragacanthoides)、琵琶柴(Reaumuria soongonica)和盐生假木贼(Anabasil salsa)的小枝木质部水及其潜在水源的氧稳定同位素(δ~(18)O)的组成进行测定,采用Iso Source模型分析这5种植物对各潜在水源的利用比例,相似性比例指数(PS指数)定量分析不同植物间水分利用关系。结果表明:5种植物主要利用土壤水,但其吸水层位不同,梭梭和白梭梭主要利用深层土壤水(140~200 cm),利用比例分别为73%~87%和43%~74%,吸水层位于140~160 cm;琵琶柴主要利用浅层土壤水(0~80 cm),利用比例为49%~85%,吸水层位于60~80 cm;盐生假木贼和刺旋花主要利用浅层土壤水(0~60 cm),利用比例分别为80%~91%和24%~79%,盐生假木贼吸水层位于20~40 cm,刺旋花吸水层位于40~60cm。梭梭和白梭梭、盐生假木贼和刺旋花两两存在水源竞争的现象。此研究为荒漠地区生态恢复与重建以及对植物在干旱环境下的适应性探索提供参考依据。
In desert environment,water is the principal factor affecting plant distribution,and the plants with different life forms have different water sources. As hydrogen stable isotopes are prone to fractionation in salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant plants,so,in this study,oxygen isotope ratios( δ~(18) O) were measured for xylem water of five typical plant species,soil moisture in different soil layers and groundwater in the east Junggar Basin. The five typical plant species were Haloxylon ammodendron,H. persicum,Convolvulus tragacanthoides,Reaumuria soongonica and Anabasis salsa respectively. The Iso Source model was used to calculate the possible ranges of potential water sources used by the five typical plant species. The proportional similarity index( SPI) was used to analyze the water use relationship among different plant species. The result showed that the five typical plant species used mainly soil water but had different water uptake soil layers. H. ammodendron and H. persicum used mainly deep soil water( 140-200 cm in depth),their soil water use proportions were 73%-87% and 43%-74% respectively,and the water uptake soil depthvaried in a range of 140-160 cm. R. soongonica used mainly soil water in depth of 0-80 cm,its soil water use proportion varied in a range of 49%-85%,and the water uptake soil depth was 60-80 cm. A. salsa and C. tragacanthoides used mainly soil water in depth of 0-60 cm,their soil water use proportions were 80%-91%and 24%-79%,and the water uptake soil depths were 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm,respectively. There were water use competition between H. ammodendron and H. persicum and between A. salsa and C. tragacanthoides. This study could help us to know more about the adaption of plant species in desert environment.
In desert environment,water is the principal factor affecting plant distribution,and the plants with different life forms have different water sources. As hydrogen stable isotopes are prone to fractionation in salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant plants,so,in this study,oxygen isotope ratios( δ~(18) O) were measured for xylem water of five typical plant species,soil moisture in different soil layers and groundwater in the east Junggar Basin. The five typical plant species were Haloxylon ammodendron,H. persicum,Convolvulus tragacanthoides,Reaumuria soongonica and Anabasis salsa respectively. The Iso Source model was used to calculate the possible ranges of potential water sources used by the five typical plant species. The proportional similarity index( SPI) was used to analyze the water use relationship among different plant species. The result showed that the five typical plant species used mainly soil water but had different water uptake soil layers. H. ammodendron and H. persicum used mainly deep soil water( 140-200 cm in depth),their soil water use proportions were 73%-87% and 43%-74% respectively,and the water uptake soil depthvaried in a range of 140-160 cm. R. soongonica used mainly soil water in depth of 0-80 cm,its soil water use proportion varied in a range of 49%-85%,and the water uptake soil depth was 60-80 cm. A. salsa and C. tragacanthoides used mainly soil water in depth of 0-60 cm,their soil water use proportions were 80%-91%and 24%-79%,and the water uptake soil depths were 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm,respectively. There were water use competition between H. ammodendron and H. persicum and between A. salsa and C. tragacanthoides. This study could help us to know more about the adaption of plant species in desert environment.
引文
[1]岳建英,郭春燕,李晋川,等.安太堡露天煤矿复垦区野生植物定居分析[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):399-409.[Yue Jianying,Guo Chunyan,Li Jinchuan,et al.Colonized wild plants in the reclamation area of the Antaibao opencast coal mine[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):399-409.]
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[7]徐庆,冀春雷,王海英,等.氢氧碳稳定同位素在植物水分利用策略研究中的应用[J].世界林业研究,2009,22(4):41-46.[Xu Qing,Ji Chunlei,Wang Haiying,et al.Use of stable isotopes of hydrogen oxygen and carbon to identify water use strategy by plants[J].World Forestry Research,2009,22(4):41-46.]
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[9]Nippert J B,Knapp A K.Soil water partitioning contributes to species coexistence in tallgrass prairie[J].Oikos,2007,116(6):1 017-1 029.
[10]Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G.Hydrogen isotope fractionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1-2):93-107.
[11]余绍文,孙自永,周爱国,等.用D、18O同位素确定黑河中游戈壁地区植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):717-723.[Yu Shaowen,Sun Ziyong,Zhou Aiguo,et al.Deternamination of water sources of Gobi plants by D and18O stable isotopes in middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):717-723.]
[12]朱建佳,陈辉,邢星,等.柴达木盆地荒漠植物水分来源定量研究——以格尔木样区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):285-292.[Zhu Jianjia,Chen Hui,Xin Xing,et al.Quantification analysis of water sources of desert plants in Qaidam Basin:A case study of Golmud plot[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(2):285-292.]
[13]菅晶,贾德彬,郭少峰,等.2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季水分来源同位素示踪研究[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):350-355.[Jian Jin,Jia Debin,Guo Shaofeng,et al.Water sources in growing season of Salix gordejevii in the Otindag Sandy Land traced by stable D isotope in 2014[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):350-355.]
[14]陈亚宁,李卫红,陈亚鹏,等.荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):130-136.[Chen Yaning,Li Weihong,Chen Yapeng,et al.Water use process of constructive plants in desert riparian forest[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):130-136.]
[15]孟宪菁,温学发,张心昱,等.有机物对红外光谱技术测定植物叶片和茎秆水δ18O和δD的影响[J].中国生态农业,2012,20(10):1 359-1 365.[Meng Xianjing,Wen Xuefa,Zhang Xinyu,et al.Potential impacts of organic contaminant onδ18O andδD in leaf and xylem water detected by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(10):1 359-1 365.]
[16]Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Source partitioning using stable isotopes:Coping with too many sources[J].Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[17]杨国敏,王力.黑岱沟露天矿区排土场2种典型植物的水分来源及利用策略[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):477-487.[Yang Guomin,Wang Li.Water use patterns of two typical plants based on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes at dumping site in the opencast coal mining area of Heidaigou[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(3):477-487.]
[18]Hoekstra N J,Finn J A,Hofer D,et al.The effect of drought and interspecific interactions on depth of water uptake in deepand shallow-rooting grassland species as determined by delta O-18natural abundance[J].Biogeoscience,2014,11(16):4 493-4 506.
[19]Trogisch S,Salmon Y,He J S,et al.Spatio-temporal water uptake patterns of tree saplings are not altered by interspecific interaction in the early stage of a subtropical forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016,367:52-61.
[20]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1 150-1 157.[Wang Yuyang,Chen Yapeng,Li Weihong,et al.Water sources of typical desert riparian plants in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(6):1 150-1 157.]
[21]孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.利用氘同位素研究太行山南麓枣树水分利用的季节性变化[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):46-53.[Sun Shoujia,Meng Ping,Zhang Jingsong,et al.Seasonal variation in water use of Ziziphus jujuba in the South aspect of Taihang Mountains with deuterium isotope signature[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(5):46-53.]
[22]Tang K,Feng X.The effect of soil hydrology on the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of plants’source water[J].Earth and planetary Science Letters,2001,185(3):355-367.
[23]郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.[Guo Jingheng,Li Changjun,Zeng Fanjiang,et al.Relationship between root biomass distribution and soil moisture,nutrient for two desert plant species[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):166-171.]
[24]Chimner R A,Cooper D J.Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley,Colorado U.S.A[J].Plant and Soil,2004,260(1-2):225-236.
[25]盛晋华,乔永祥,刘宏义,等.梭梭根系的研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(2):91-94.[Sheng Jinhua,Qiao Yongxiang,Liu Hongyi,et al.A study on the root system of Haloxy ammodendron bunge[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2004,12(2):91-94.]
[26]徐贵青,李彦.共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):130-137.[Xu Guiqing,Li Yan.Roots distribution of three desert shrubs and their response to precipitation under co-occurring conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):130-137.]
[27]王政权,张彦东.水曲柳落叶松根系之间的相互作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):346-350.[Wang Zhengquan,Zhang Yandong.Study on the root interactions between Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2000,24(3):346-350.]
[28]张彦东,沈有信,白尚斌,等.混交条件下水曲柳落叶松根系的生长与分布[J].林业科学,2001,37(5):16-23.[Zhang Yandong,Shen Youxin,Bai Shangbin,et al.Effects of the mixed on root growth and distribution of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(5):16-23.]
[29]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-155.[Zeng Qiao,Ma Jianying.Plant water sources of different habitats and its environmental indication in Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(1):148-155.]
[2]张新华,谷树忠,王礼茂.新疆矿产资源开发利益格局合理性识别[J].资源科学,2015,37(10):1 992-2 000.[Zhang Xinhua,Gu Shuzhong,Wang Limao.Identification of mineral resource exploitation interests pattern rationality in Xinjiang[J].Resource Science,2015,37(10):1 992-2 000.]
[3]刘建新.新疆矿产资源开发利用中的利益补偿问题研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2009.[Liu Jianxin.Study on the Interest Compensation Problem in the Development and Utilization of Mineral Resources of Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2009.]
[4]夏军.准东煤田土壤重金属污染高光谱遥感监测检测研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.[Xia Jun.Study on the Monitoring of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in the Eastern Junggar Coalfield[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2014.]
[5]Wang Jian,Fu Bojie,Lu Nan,et al.Seasonal variation in water uptake patterns of three plant species based on stable isotopes in the semi-arid Loess Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:27-37.
[6]巩国丽,陈辉,段德玉.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分白刺水分来源的方法比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7 533-7 541.[Gong Guoli,Chen Hui,Duan Deyu.Comparison of the methods using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope to distinguish the water source of Nitraria tangutorum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(24):7 533-7 541.]
[7]徐庆,冀春雷,王海英,等.氢氧碳稳定同位素在植物水分利用策略研究中的应用[J].世界林业研究,2009,22(4):41-46.[Xu Qing,Ji Chunlei,Wang Haiying,et al.Use of stable isotopes of hydrogen oxygen and carbon to identify water use strategy by plants[J].World Forestry Research,2009,22(4):41-46.]
[8]邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋,等.雨季北京山区3种典型植物的水分来源[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):649-657.[Deng Wenping,Yu Xinxiao,Jia Guodong,et al.Water sources of three typical plants in the Beijing Mountain areas in rainy season[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):649-657.]
[9]Nippert J B,Knapp A K.Soil water partitioning contributes to species coexistence in tallgrass prairie[J].Oikos,2007,116(6):1 017-1 029.
[10]Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G.Hydrogen isotope fractionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1-2):93-107.
[11]余绍文,孙自永,周爱国,等.用D、18O同位素确定黑河中游戈壁地区植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):717-723.[Yu Shaowen,Sun Ziyong,Zhou Aiguo,et al.Deternamination of water sources of Gobi plants by D and18O stable isotopes in middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):717-723.]
[12]朱建佳,陈辉,邢星,等.柴达木盆地荒漠植物水分来源定量研究——以格尔木样区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):285-292.[Zhu Jianjia,Chen Hui,Xin Xing,et al.Quantification analysis of water sources of desert plants in Qaidam Basin:A case study of Golmud plot[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(2):285-292.]
[13]菅晶,贾德彬,郭少峰,等.2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季水分来源同位素示踪研究[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):350-355.[Jian Jin,Jia Debin,Guo Shaofeng,et al.Water sources in growing season of Salix gordejevii in the Otindag Sandy Land traced by stable D isotope in 2014[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):350-355.]
[14]陈亚宁,李卫红,陈亚鹏,等.荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):130-136.[Chen Yaning,Li Weihong,Chen Yapeng,et al.Water use process of constructive plants in desert riparian forest[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):130-136.]
[15]孟宪菁,温学发,张心昱,等.有机物对红外光谱技术测定植物叶片和茎秆水δ18O和δD的影响[J].中国生态农业,2012,20(10):1 359-1 365.[Meng Xianjing,Wen Xuefa,Zhang Xinyu,et al.Potential impacts of organic contaminant onδ18O andδD in leaf and xylem water detected by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(10):1 359-1 365.]
[16]Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Source partitioning using stable isotopes:Coping with too many sources[J].Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[17]杨国敏,王力.黑岱沟露天矿区排土场2种典型植物的水分来源及利用策略[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):477-487.[Yang Guomin,Wang Li.Water use patterns of two typical plants based on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes at dumping site in the opencast coal mining area of Heidaigou[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(3):477-487.]
[18]Hoekstra N J,Finn J A,Hofer D,et al.The effect of drought and interspecific interactions on depth of water uptake in deepand shallow-rooting grassland species as determined by delta O-18natural abundance[J].Biogeoscience,2014,11(16):4 493-4 506.
[19]Trogisch S,Salmon Y,He J S,et al.Spatio-temporal water uptake patterns of tree saplings are not altered by interspecific interaction in the early stage of a subtropical forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2016,367:52-61.
[20]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1 150-1 157.[Wang Yuyang,Chen Yapeng,Li Weihong,et al.Water sources of typical desert riparian plants in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(6):1 150-1 157.]
[21]孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.利用氘同位素研究太行山南麓枣树水分利用的季节性变化[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):46-53.[Sun Shoujia,Meng Ping,Zhang Jingsong,et al.Seasonal variation in water use of Ziziphus jujuba in the South aspect of Taihang Mountains with deuterium isotope signature[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(5):46-53.]
[22]Tang K,Feng X.The effect of soil hydrology on the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of plants’source water[J].Earth and planetary Science Letters,2001,185(3):355-367.
[23]郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.[Guo Jingheng,Li Changjun,Zeng Fanjiang,et al.Relationship between root biomass distribution and soil moisture,nutrient for two desert plant species[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):166-171.]
[24]Chimner R A,Cooper D J.Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley,Colorado U.S.A[J].Plant and Soil,2004,260(1-2):225-236.
[25]盛晋华,乔永祥,刘宏义,等.梭梭根系的研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(2):91-94.[Sheng Jinhua,Qiao Yongxiang,Liu Hongyi,et al.A study on the root system of Haloxy ammodendron bunge[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2004,12(2):91-94.]
[26]徐贵青,李彦.共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):130-137.[Xu Guiqing,Li Yan.Roots distribution of three desert shrubs and their response to precipitation under co-occurring conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):130-137.]
[27]王政权,张彦东.水曲柳落叶松根系之间的相互作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):346-350.[Wang Zhengquan,Zhang Yandong.Study on the root interactions between Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2000,24(3):346-350.]
[28]张彦东,沈有信,白尚斌,等.混交条件下水曲柳落叶松根系的生长与分布[J].林业科学,2001,37(5):16-23.[Zhang Yandong,Shen Youxin,Bai Shangbin,et al.Effects of the mixed on root growth and distribution of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(5):16-23.]
[29]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-155.[Zeng Qiao,Ma Jianying.Plant water sources of different habitats and its environmental indication in Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(1):148-155.]