古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)群落优势植物水分来源
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摘要
为研究干旱区荒漠植物水分来源及水分利用的相互影响特征,2016年5月选取古尔班通古特沙漠南缘建群种梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)及群落中优势草本植物沙漠绢蒿(Seriphidium santolinum)、尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、多型大蒜芥(Sisymbrium polymorphum)等5种植物,利用稳定性同位素技术,通过测定植物木质部水及土壤水δ~(18)O值,结合直接对比法、平均深度模型及Iso-Source模型分析植物水分利用情况。结果表明:梭梭根系具有二态性,5月主要利用浅层(20～40 cm)土壤水、深层(100～350 cm)土壤水及地下水,8月主要利用深层(160～350 cm)土壤水及地下水。尖喙牻牛儿苗、多型大蒜芥、沙漠绢蒿、碱蓬水分来源土层集中在8～65 cm,沙漠绢蒿及碱蓬土壤水分利用季节变化明显;冠外尖喙牻牛儿苗、多型大蒜芥、沙漠绢蒿、碱蓬之间不存在土壤水分竞争关系;冠下多型大蒜芥、沙漠绢蒿、碱蓬之间存在土壤水分竞争关系。
In order to research the desert plant water use pattern and their mutual influence in arid regions. Five dominant desert plants, Haloxylon ammodendron, Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca were selected in May 2016 at the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert. The oxygen sable isotope ratios( δ~(18) O) of xylem water and soil water were measured by stable isotope technique. To investigate the dynamics of water usage of these plants, we used the direct comparison method, Iso-Source model and the mean depth of water uptake model. The results showed that there is dimorphism in H. ammodendron root. In May, the main water sources of H. ammodendron were shallow soil water( 20-40 cm), deep soil water( 100-350 cm), and groundwater. While in August, H. ammodendron tended to use deep soil water( 160-350 cm), and groundwater.The main water sources of Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca concentrated in the 8-65 cm lay soil water. The seasonal variation of soil water use pattern of Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca was obvious. Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca under the canopy had a competition about soil moisture, while the plants outside the canopy had no competition.
In order to research the desert plant water use pattern and their mutual influence in arid regions. Five dominant desert plants, Haloxylon ammodendron, Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca were selected in May 2016 at the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert. The oxygen sable isotope ratios( δ~(18) O) of xylem water and soil water were measured by stable isotope technique. To investigate the dynamics of water usage of these plants, we used the direct comparison method, Iso-Source model and the mean depth of water uptake model. The results showed that there is dimorphism in H. ammodendron root. In May, the main water sources of H. ammodendron were shallow soil water( 20-40 cm), deep soil water( 100-350 cm), and groundwater. While in August, H. ammodendron tended to use deep soil water( 160-350 cm), and groundwater.The main water sources of Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca concentrated in the 8-65 cm lay soil water. The seasonal variation of soil water use pattern of Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca was obvious. Sisymbrium polymorphum, Seriphidium santolinum and Suaeda glauca under the canopy had a competition about soil moisture, while the plants outside the canopy had no competition.
引文
[1]周海,赵文智.河西走廊典型荒漠区土壤水分对降水脉动响应的稳定同位素分析[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1637-1645.
[2]曹燕丽,卢琦,林光辉.氢稳定性同位素确定植物水源的应用与前景[J].生态学报,2002,22(1):111-117.
[3] Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G. Hydrogen isotope fractionation during w ater uptake by w oody xerophytes[J]. Plant and Soil,2007,291:93-107.
[4] Dai Y,Zheng X J,Tang L S,et al.Stable oxygen isotopes reveal distinct w ater use patterns of tw o Haloxylon species in the Gurbantonggut Desert[J].Plant&Soil,2015,389:73-87.
[5] Andrade J L,Meinzer F C,Goldstein G,et al.Water uptake and transport in lianas and co-occurring trees of a seasonally dry tropical forest[J].Trees,2005,19(3):282-289.
[6]邓艳,蒋忠诚,李衍青,等.广西不同石漠化程度下典型植物水分来源分析[J].热带地理,2015,35(3):416-421.
[7]周天河,赵成义,吴桂林,等.塔里木河上游胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)水分来源的稳定同位素示踪[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):124-131.
[8]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1150-1157.
[9]陈昌笃,张立运,胡文康.古尔班通古特沙漠的沙地植物群落、区系及其分布的基本特征[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1983,7(2):89-99.
[10]张立运,陈昌笃.论古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性的一般特点[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1923-1932.
[11]刘斌,刘彤,李磊,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭大面积退化原因[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):637-642.
[12]司朗明,刘彤,刘斌,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭种群退化原因的对比分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6460-6468.
[13]朱雅娟,贾志清.秋季巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘人工梭梭林水分来源[J].林业科学,2012,48(8):1-5.
[14]傅思华,胡顺军,杨涛,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地下水深埋区幼龄梭梭春夏季土壤水分利用动态[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):230-234.
[15]余新晓.森林植被-土壤-大气连续体水分传输过程与机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:87-88.
[16] Phillips D L,Newsome S D,Gregg J W.Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models:Alternative methods[J]. Oecologia,2005,144(4):520-527.
[17] Romero-Saltos H,Sternberg L D S L,Moreira M Z,et al.Rainfall exclusion in an eastern Amazonian forest alters soil w ater movement and depth of w ater uptake[J]. American Journal of Botany,2005,92(3):443-455.
[18]徐贵青,李彦.共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):130-137.
[19]周宏飞,肖祖炎,姚海娇,等.古尔班通古特沙漠树枝状沙丘土壤水分时空变异特征[J].水科学进展,2013,24(6):771-777.
[20]杜雪莲,王世杰.稳定性氢氧同位素在植物用水策略中的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(22):5-10.
[21] Meinzer F C,Clearwater M J,Goldstein G. Water transport in trees:current perspectives,new insights and some controversies[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2001,45(3):239-262.
[22]刘树宝,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏,等.基于稳定同位素技术的黑河下游不同林龄胡杨的吸水深度研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):729-739.
[23]冯起,高前兆.禹城沙地水分动态规律及其影响因子[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):151-157.
[24]朱海,胡顺军,陈永宝.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘固定沙丘土壤水分时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):117-126.
[25]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[26]吕金岭,张希明,吕朝燕,等.准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区梭梭维持水源初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):110-117.
[27]戴岳,郑新军,唐立松,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(11):1214-1225.
[28]周海,郑新军,唐立松,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘多枝柽柳、白刺和红砂水分来源的异同[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(7):665-673.
[29]刘美珍,孙建新,蒋高明,等.植物-土壤系统中水分再分配作用研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1550-1556.
[30]李唯,倪郁,胡自治,等.植物根系提水作用评述[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(6):1056-1062.
[31]王政权,张彦东,王庆成.水曲柳落叶松根系之间的相互作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):346-350.
[32]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-155.
[33]邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[34]周天河,赵成义,俞永祥,等.基于稳定氢氧同位素的胡杨与柽柳幼苗水分来源研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):241-246.
[2]曹燕丽,卢琦,林光辉.氢稳定性同位素确定植物水源的应用与前景[J].生态学报,2002,22(1):111-117.
[3] Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G. Hydrogen isotope fractionation during w ater uptake by w oody xerophytes[J]. Plant and Soil,2007,291:93-107.
[4] Dai Y,Zheng X J,Tang L S,et al.Stable oxygen isotopes reveal distinct w ater use patterns of tw o Haloxylon species in the Gurbantonggut Desert[J].Plant&Soil,2015,389:73-87.
[5] Andrade J L,Meinzer F C,Goldstein G,et al.Water uptake and transport in lianas and co-occurring trees of a seasonally dry tropical forest[J].Trees,2005,19(3):282-289.
[6]邓艳,蒋忠诚,李衍青,等.广西不同石漠化程度下典型植物水分来源分析[J].热带地理,2015,35(3):416-421.
[7]周天河,赵成义,吴桂林,等.塔里木河上游胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)水分来源的稳定同位素示踪[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):124-131.
[8]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1150-1157.
[9]陈昌笃,张立运,胡文康.古尔班通古特沙漠的沙地植物群落、区系及其分布的基本特征[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1983,7(2):89-99.
[10]张立运,陈昌笃.论古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性的一般特点[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1923-1932.
[11]刘斌,刘彤,李磊,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭大面积退化原因[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):637-642.
[12]司朗明,刘彤,刘斌,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭种群退化原因的对比分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6460-6468.
[13]朱雅娟,贾志清.秋季巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘人工梭梭林水分来源[J].林业科学,2012,48(8):1-5.
[14]傅思华,胡顺军,杨涛,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地下水深埋区幼龄梭梭春夏季土壤水分利用动态[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):230-234.
[15]余新晓.森林植被-土壤-大气连续体水分传输过程与机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:87-88.
[16] Phillips D L,Newsome S D,Gregg J W.Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models:Alternative methods[J]. Oecologia,2005,144(4):520-527.
[17] Romero-Saltos H,Sternberg L D S L,Moreira M Z,et al.Rainfall exclusion in an eastern Amazonian forest alters soil w ater movement and depth of w ater uptake[J]. American Journal of Botany,2005,92(3):443-455.
[18]徐贵青,李彦.共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):130-137.
[19]周宏飞,肖祖炎,姚海娇,等.古尔班通古特沙漠树枝状沙丘土壤水分时空变异特征[J].水科学进展,2013,24(6):771-777.
[20]杜雪莲,王世杰.稳定性氢氧同位素在植物用水策略中的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(22):5-10.
[21] Meinzer F C,Clearwater M J,Goldstein G. Water transport in trees:current perspectives,new insights and some controversies[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2001,45(3):239-262.
[22]刘树宝,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏,等.基于稳定同位素技术的黑河下游不同林龄胡杨的吸水深度研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):729-739.
[23]冯起,高前兆.禹城沙地水分动态规律及其影响因子[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):151-157.
[24]朱海,胡顺军,陈永宝.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘固定沙丘土壤水分时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):117-126.
[25]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[26]吕金岭,张希明,吕朝燕,等.准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠区梭梭维持水源初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):110-117.
[27]戴岳,郑新军,唐立松,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(11):1214-1225.
[28]周海,郑新军,唐立松,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘多枝柽柳、白刺和红砂水分来源的异同[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(7):665-673.
[29]刘美珍,孙建新,蒋高明,等.植物-土壤系统中水分再分配作用研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1550-1556.
[30]李唯,倪郁,胡自治,等.植物根系提水作用评述[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(6):1056-1062.
[31]王政权,张彦东,王庆成.水曲柳落叶松根系之间的相互作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):346-350.
[32]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-155.
[33]邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[34]周天河,赵成义,俞永祥,等.基于稳定氢氧同位素的胡杨与柽柳幼苗水分来源研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):241-246.