狼毒素对几种受体植物化感作用的研究
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摘要
研究了1.6%狼毒素水乳剂用蒸溜水稀释不同倍数后对几种受体植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:狼毒素不同浓度处理(100,1000和10000X)对双子叶植物存在一定化感抑制作用,对双子叶牧草(苜蓿、杂三叶和白三叶)的化感抑制作用相对较弱,而对3种双子叶作物(番茄、箭舌豌豆和黄豆)的化感抑制效果非常明显,尤其对黄豆的苗高生长抑制作用最强,其化感效应指数绝对值达到0.81;对几种单子叶植物(包括单子叶作物和牧草)所表现的化感抑制作用均较弱,但对小麦和玉米的种子萌发表现一定的促进作用,尤其在低浓度下,对玉米根长和苗高的促进作用的化感效应指数高达0.86和0.92;结合该制剂作为杀虫剂使用的目的,能够证明该植物源杀虫剂在单子叶植物的杀虫应用方面安全,且对单子叶植物的生长有一定促进作用。
The allelopathy effect of 1.6%chamaejasmine agent on seed germination and seedling growth to several receptor plants was studied by bioassay in laboratory.The results showed that the growth of the dicotyledonous plants were inhibited under the condition of different concentrations of chamaejasmine,and 3 dicotyledonous crops(Glycine max,Vicia giganteaand Lycopersicum esculentum)were significantly inhibited,especially on seedling growth of soybean,the absolute value of the minimum allelopathic effect index reached 0.81.The allelopathic effect on 3 dicotyledonous forages(Medicago sativa,Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium repens)was weak.This suggested that Stellera chamaejasme has the potential as botanical herbicide to control dicotyledonous weeds.The allelopathy to monocotyledonous plants(including crops and forages)showed weaker inhibit effect under different treatments.On the contrary,it promoted the seedling and seed germination of wheat and maize especially under low concentration,the root length and seedling height were promoted strongly,and the allelopathic effect index was as high as 0.86 and 0.92.
The allelopathy effect of 1.6%chamaejasmine agent on seed germination and seedling growth to several receptor plants was studied by bioassay in laboratory.The results showed that the growth of the dicotyledonous plants were inhibited under the condition of different concentrations of chamaejasmine,and 3 dicotyledonous crops(Glycine max,Vicia giganteaand Lycopersicum esculentum)were significantly inhibited,especially on seedling growth of soybean,the absolute value of the minimum allelopathic effect index reached 0.81.The allelopathic effect on 3 dicotyledonous forages(Medicago sativa,Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium repens)was weak.This suggested that Stellera chamaejasme has the potential as botanical herbicide to control dicotyledonous weeds.The allelopathy to monocotyledonous plants(including crops and forages)showed weaker inhibit effect under different treatments.On the contrary,it promoted the seedling and seed germination of wheat and maize especially under low concentration,the root length and seedling height were promoted strongly,and the allelopathic effect index was as high as 0.86 and 0.92.
引文
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[20]曾任森.化感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(1):123-126.
[2]王敬龙,王宝海,次仁多吉,等.西藏草地有毒植物分布调查[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(3):67-71+77.
[3]谭成虎.甘肃天然草原主要毒草分布、危害及其防治对策[J].草业科学,2006,23(12):98-101.
[4]陆元彪,周韩信.海北藏族自治州草原毒草棘豆、狼毒调查报告[J].四川草原,1995(4):29-31.
[5]周淑清,黄祖杰,赵磊等.内蒙古西部区草原主要毒草灾害现状及防灾减灾策略[J].内蒙古草业,2008(2):1-4.
[6]李扬汗,韩学俊.应重视对有毒杂草狼毒的综合治理[J].植物杂志,1995(6):4-5.
[7]周淑清,黄祖杰,阿荣.狼毒水浸液对几种主要牧草种子发芽的影响[J].中国草地,1993,15(4):77-79.
[8]周淑清,黄祖杰.狼毒异株克生现象的初步研究[J].中国草地,1998,20(4):52-55..
[9]周淑清,王慧,黄祖杰,等.狼毒在土壤里腐解过程中对苜蓿化感作用的研究[J].中国草地学报,2008(4):78-81.
[10]周淑清,王慧,黄祖杰,等.狼毒对披碱草化感作用的研究[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(5):63-65.
[11]王慧,卫智军,周淑清,等.狼毒对新麦草、无芒雀麦化感作用的研究[J].牧草科学,2011(1):17-20.
[12]何义国.瑞香狼毒素对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性及其作用机制初步研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[13]段晓明,李宁,曾辉,等.瑞香狼毒根提取物的杀虫活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2007(3):75-76.
[14]王宣高,师光禄,王有年,等,瑞香狼毒中黄酮类化合物的化学成分及其对朱砂叶螨触杀活性的研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(31):154-158.
[15]郭东艳,杨顺义,沈慧敏,等.3种植物对二点叶螨的生物活性[J].草原与草坪,2006,119(6):35-35+42.
[16]梁为,成军,卜春亚,等.瑞香狼毒超临界萃取物的化学成分及其杀螨活性[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):181-184.
[17]曹挥,刘素琪,赵莉蔺,等.瑞香狼毒提取物对山楂叶螨的生物活性及酶活性影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):98-102.
[18]杨顺义,郭东艳,张新虎,等.香狼毒根中抑菌成分提取工艺[J].农药,2006,45(9):594-595.
[19]杨顺义.苍耳、狼毒等植物提取物抑菌活性的初步研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2003.
[20]曾任森.化感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(1):123-126.