海绵城市透水砖铺装雨水入渗模型及产流分析
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摘要
透水砖铺装系统的入渗特征是海绵城市建设中产流控制的重要影响因素。以海绵城市试点庄河市为例,通过渗流试验,构建不同土基土壤土水特征曲线,建立适用于透水砖铺装系统各层的入渗模型,揭示系统雨水入渗规律,阐明结构层厚度和土基土壤特性对产流控制的影响。研究表明:土壤粒径对产流控制影响程度最大;特大暴雨时,粗砂土壤作为土基,相比细砂土壤和粉质黏土作为土基,可以延长产流时间,但随着雨强继续增大,产流时间延长作用逐渐减弱;以粉质黏土作为土基,基层与垫层厚度比约为3∶2,以砂质土壤作为土基时,基层与垫层厚度比约为4∶1时,透水砖铺装系统产流控制效果最好。
The infiltration characteristics of the porous brick pavement system is an important factor effecting the runoff control in the construction of sponge cities. Taking Zhuanghe,a pilot city in the sponge city constrction in China as an example,through the seepage test,the soil-water characteristic curves of different foundation layers were constructed,and the infiltration model suitable for each layer of the porous brick pavement system was established. Thus,the rainwater infiltration law of the system was revealed,and illustrating the effect of structural layer thickness and soil properties of the foundation layer on the runoff control. The results showed that the soil particle size had the greatest effect on the runoff control; when the heavy rain occurred,the coarse sand soil could be used as the foundation layer to reduce the runoff time,but as the rain intensity continued to increase,the extended runoff time gradually weakened; when the silty clay was used as the foundation layer,the ratio of the thickness of the foundation layer to the cushion layer needed to be controlled at about 3 ∶2,and when the sandy soil was used as the ground layer,the ratio of the thickness of the base layer to the cushion layer needed to be controlled at about 4 ∶1,then the porous brick pavement system runoff control effect was the best.
The infiltration characteristics of the porous brick pavement system is an important factor effecting the runoff control in the construction of sponge cities. Taking Zhuanghe,a pilot city in the sponge city constrction in China as an example,through the seepage test,the soil-water characteristic curves of different foundation layers were constructed,and the infiltration model suitable for each layer of the porous brick pavement system was established. Thus,the rainwater infiltration law of the system was revealed,and illustrating the effect of structural layer thickness and soil properties of the foundation layer on the runoff control. The results showed that the soil particle size had the greatest effect on the runoff control; when the heavy rain occurred,the coarse sand soil could be used as the foundation layer to reduce the runoff time,but as the rain intensity continued to increase,the extended runoff time gradually weakened; when the silty clay was used as the foundation layer,the ratio of the thickness of the foundation layer to the cushion layer needed to be controlled at about 3 ∶2,and when the sandy soil was used as the ground layer,the ratio of the thickness of the base layer to the cushion layer needed to be controlled at about 4 ∶1,then the porous brick pavement system runoff control effect was the best.
引文
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[3]Heweidak M,Amin S.Effects of OASISphenolic foam on hydraulic behaviour of permeable pavement systems[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2019,230(15):212-220.
[4]Palla A,Gnecco I,Carbone M,et al.Influence of stratigraphy and slope on the drainage capacity of permeable pavements:laboratory results[J].Urban Water Journal,2015,12(5):394-403.
[5]Niu Z G,Lv Z W,Zhang Y,et al.Stormwater infiltration and surface runoff pollution reduction performance of permeable pavement layers[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(3):2576-2587.
[6]Amnyattalab J,Rezaie H.Study of the effect of seepage through the body of earth dam on its stability by predicting the affecting hydraulic factors using models of Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten(Case study of Nazluchay and Shahrchay earth dams)[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2018,15(12):2625-2636.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.透水砖路面技术规程:CJJ/T188-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[8]赵飞,陈建刚,张书函,等.透水铺装地面降雨产流模型研究[J].给水排水,2010,36(5):154-159.
[9]霍文博,李致家,李巧玲.半湿润流域水文模型比较与集合预报[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(6):1491-1501.
[10]Richards L A.Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums[J].Physics,1931,1(5):318-333.
[11]Stewart R D.A dynamic multidomain green-ampt infiltration model[J].Water Resources Research,2018,54(9):6844-6859.
[12]Vafakhah M,Fakher Nikche A,Sadeghi S H.Comparative effectiveness of different infiltration models in estimation of watershed flood hydrograph[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2018,16(3):411-424.
[13]Cockett R,Heagy L J,Haber E.Efficient 3D inversions using the Richards equation[J].Computers&Geosciences,2018,116:91-102.
[14]王康.非饱和土壤水流运动及溶质迁移[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[15]Farthing M W,Ogden F L.Numerical solution of richards’equation:a review of advances and challenges[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2017,81(6):1257.
[16]Weber T K D,Iden S C,Durner W.Unsaturated hydraulic properties of Sphagnum moss and peat reveal trimodal pore-size distributions[J].Water Resources Research,2017,53(1):415-434.
[17]Tan J Q,Song H G,Zhang H L,et al.Numerical investigation on infiltration and runoff in unsaturated soils with unsteady rainfall intensity[J].Water,2018,10(7):914.
[18]Menziani M,Pugnaghi S,Vincenzi S.Analytical solutions of the linearized Richards equation for discrete arbitrary initial and boundary conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,332(1):214-225.