六盘山生态移民迁出区不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为了揭示宁夏六盘山生态移民迁出后,植被恢复模式对弃耕地土壤养分和酶活性的影响。本研究以7种植被恢复模式(青海云杉+油松+河北杨、刺槐+油松、旱柳+刺槐+山杏、油松+山杏、刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿、油松+旱柳+红豆草、自然恢复)为研究对象,测定并分析土壤养分指标和土壤酶活性。结果表明:1)不同植被恢复模式下土壤养分特征存在显著差异,II-1模式(旱柳+刺槐+山杏)利于土壤表层氮元素和有机质的积累,而CK土壤养分含量较低,不利于土壤养分积累。2)不同植被恢复模式下土壤酶活性也存在显著差异,I-1模式(青海云杉+油松+河北杨)土壤磷酸酶和脲酶活性要优于其他模式;而I-2模式(刺槐+油松)不利于土壤酶活性的提高。3)土壤过氧化氢酶在不同植被恢复模式和土层间均无显著差异,过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶均与土壤养分指标无显著相关性。而蔗糖酶分别与土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量呈显著正相关。4)土层间土壤养分特征和土壤酶活性差异均不显著。研究表明该地区合理配置人工林植被恢复模式对土壤养分积累和酶活性的促进作用要优于自然恢复模式。因此,通过人工合理构建植物群落结构,定向恢复到稳定群落阶段是生态恢复的重要措施。
In order to understand the effect of different vegetation restoration models on soil fertility and soil enzyme activity after the ecological immigrants move out,7 vegetation models( Picea crassiflolia + Pinus tabuliformis +Populus Hopeiensis,Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis,Salix matsudana + Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca,Pinus tabuliformis + Prunus armeniaca,Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca + Medicago sativa,Pinus tabuliformis + Salix matsudana + Onobrychis viciaefoli,CK natural restoration) were used as the research object to determine and analyze soil nutrient index and soil enzyme activity.The results show that( 1) different vegetation models have significant effect on soil fertility.Model II-1( Salix matsudana + Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca) could increase the soil nitrogen and soil organism,the soil nutrient content of CK is low,which is not conducive to soil nutrient accumulation.( 2) Different vegetation models have significant effect on soil enzyme activity.Soil phosphatase and urease activity of Model I-1( Picea crassiflolia + Pinus tabuliformis + Populus Hopeiensis)are better than other models.Model I-2( Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis) is not conducive to the improvement of soil enzyme activity.( 3) Soil catalase has no significant difference in different vegetation restoration models and soil layers.Soil sucrase has positive relationship with TN,AN and SOC,other enzymes have no relationship with soil fertility.( 4) There is no significant difference in soil nutrient characteristics and soil enzyme activity between soil layers.Studies have shown that the rational allocation of artificial forest vegetation restoration model in the region is better than the natural recovery model for promoting soil nutrient accumulation and enzyme activity.Therefore,it is an important measure for ecological restoration by artificially constructing plant community structure and redirecting to stable community stage.
In order to understand the effect of different vegetation restoration models on soil fertility and soil enzyme activity after the ecological immigrants move out,7 vegetation models( Picea crassiflolia + Pinus tabuliformis +Populus Hopeiensis,Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis,Salix matsudana + Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca,Pinus tabuliformis + Prunus armeniaca,Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca + Medicago sativa,Pinus tabuliformis + Salix matsudana + Onobrychis viciaefoli,CK natural restoration) were used as the research object to determine and analyze soil nutrient index and soil enzyme activity.The results show that( 1) different vegetation models have significant effect on soil fertility.Model II-1( Salix matsudana + Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus armeniaca) could increase the soil nitrogen and soil organism,the soil nutrient content of CK is low,which is not conducive to soil nutrient accumulation.( 2) Different vegetation models have significant effect on soil enzyme activity.Soil phosphatase and urease activity of Model I-1( Picea crassiflolia + Pinus tabuliformis + Populus Hopeiensis)are better than other models.Model I-2( Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis) is not conducive to the improvement of soil enzyme activity.( 3) Soil catalase has no significant difference in different vegetation restoration models and soil layers.Soil sucrase has positive relationship with TN,AN and SOC,other enzymes have no relationship with soil fertility.( 4) There is no significant difference in soil nutrient characteristics and soil enzyme activity between soil layers.Studies have shown that the rational allocation of artificial forest vegetation restoration model in the region is better than the natural recovery model for promoting soil nutrient accumulation and enzyme activity.Therefore,it is an important measure for ecological restoration by artificially constructing plant community structure and redirecting to stable community stage.
引文
[1]胡婵娟,郭雷.植被恢复的生态效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1640-1646.
[2]薛亚永,王晓峰.黄土高原森林草原区退耕还林还草土壤保持效应评估[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):122-128.
[3]吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3825-3831.
[4]赵婷,张义,赵伟,等.退耕还林还草工程对土壤微生物和土壤酶影响的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(1):9-14.
[5]温胜强.宁南山区县域可持续发展能力综合评价[J].环境保护与循环经济,2017,37(2):50-55,76.
[6]王正安,邸利,王彦辉,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):181-187.
[7]金晶炜,苏纪帅,白于,等.宁南山区土壤质量对人工植被恢复模式的响应[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):283-289.
[8]华娟.宁南山区植被恢复的土壤碳库特征及固碳机制研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009.
[9]An S S,Cheng Y,Huang Y M,et al.Effects of revegetation on soil microbial biomass,enzyme activities,and nutrient cycling on the loess plateau in China[J].Restoration Ecology,2012,21(5):600-607.
[10]Xu Z,Yu G,Zhang X,et al.Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry in forest ecosystems along the NorthSouth Transect in eastern China(NSTEC)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,104:152-163.
[11]胡婉婷,张维江,李金燕,等.六盘山海子流域植被生态需水量研究[J].农业科学研究,2015,36(1):40-44.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261.
[14]Wang B,Xue S,Liu G B,et al.Changes in soil nutrient and enzyme activities under different vegetations in the Loess Plateau area,Northwest China[J].Catena,2012,92:186-195.
[15]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51,58.
[16]张笑培,杨改河,任广鑫,等.黄土高原南部植被恢复对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):64-68.
[17]赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[18]杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤酶活性对植被恢复的响应[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):575-580.
[19]黄懿梅,安韶山,曲东,等.黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程中土壤酶活性的响应与演变[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):152-155.
[20]蔡立佳,徐永刚,宇万太,等.下辽河平原杨树连栽对土壤养分、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):337-343.
[21]刘飞渡,韩蕾.亚热带红壤丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤理化性质、微生物类群和酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1441-1446.
[22]孙经伟.农业恢复措施对黑土母质发育的新成土土壤结构性质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[23]杨波.辽东山区森林生态自我修复效果的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.
[2]薛亚永,王晓峰.黄土高原森林草原区退耕还林还草土壤保持效应评估[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):122-128.
[3]吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3825-3831.
[4]赵婷,张义,赵伟,等.退耕还林还草工程对土壤微生物和土壤酶影响的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(1):9-14.
[5]温胜强.宁南山区县域可持续发展能力综合评价[J].环境保护与循环经济,2017,37(2):50-55,76.
[6]王正安,邸利,王彦辉,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):181-187.
[7]金晶炜,苏纪帅,白于,等.宁南山区土壤质量对人工植被恢复模式的响应[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):283-289.
[8]华娟.宁南山区植被恢复的土壤碳库特征及固碳机制研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009.
[9]An S S,Cheng Y,Huang Y M,et al.Effects of revegetation on soil microbial biomass,enzyme activities,and nutrient cycling on the loess plateau in China[J].Restoration Ecology,2012,21(5):600-607.
[10]Xu Z,Yu G,Zhang X,et al.Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry in forest ecosystems along the NorthSouth Transect in eastern China(NSTEC)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,104:152-163.
[11]胡婉婷,张维江,李金燕,等.六盘山海子流域植被生态需水量研究[J].农业科学研究,2015,36(1):40-44.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261.
[14]Wang B,Xue S,Liu G B,et al.Changes in soil nutrient and enzyme activities under different vegetations in the Loess Plateau area,Northwest China[J].Catena,2012,92:186-195.
[15]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51,58.
[16]张笑培,杨改河,任广鑫,等.黄土高原南部植被恢复对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):64-68.
[17]赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[18]杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤酶活性对植被恢复的响应[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):575-580.
[19]黄懿梅,安韶山,曲东,等.黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程中土壤酶活性的响应与演变[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):152-155.
[20]蔡立佳,徐永刚,宇万太,等.下辽河平原杨树连栽对土壤养分、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):337-343.
[21]刘飞渡,韩蕾.亚热带红壤丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤理化性质、微生物类群和酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1441-1446.
[22]孙经伟.农业恢复措施对黑土母质发育的新成土土壤结构性质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[23]杨波.辽东山区森林生态自我修复效果的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.