六盘山生态移民迁出区不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物功能多样性研究
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摘要
为了揭示宁夏六盘山生态移民迁出后,不同植被恢复模式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性的变化特征,以泾源县移民区6种人工混交林(青海云杉Picea crassiflolia+油松Pinus tabuliformis+河北杨Populus hopeiensis、刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia+油松、旱柳Salix matsudana+刺槐+山杏Prunus armeniaca、油松+山杏、刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa、油松+旱柳+红豆草Onobrychis viciaefolia)为对象,自然恢复为对照,采用Biolog-ECO微平板法研究不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物功能多样性特征。结果表明,(1)7种不同植被恢复模式0～20 cm土层土壤微生物AWCD值以刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿模式为最高(0.94±0.44),青海云杉+油松+河北杨最低(0.26±0.18)。(2)不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物对各碳源的利用状况有所差异,碳水化合物类是7种植被恢复模式土壤微生物利用的主要碳源,其次为氨基酸类、羧酸类和聚合物类,而其他化合物和胺类的利用较低。(3)7种不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物多样性指数均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿和油松+山杏混交林土壤微生物Shannon指数、Brillouin指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著高于其他植被恢复模式(P<0.05)。(4)PCA分析显示,PCA1和PCA2分别占总方差的36.54%和26.83%。刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿、油松+山杏、油松+旱柳+红豆草混交模式及自然恢复可利用碳源较多,旱柳+刺槐+山杏混交模式次之,青海云杉+油松+河北杨和刺槐+油松混交模式可利用碳源少。以上结果表明,人工林的不同混交模式对提高土壤微生物群落的代谢活性具有显著差异。该研究区内,刺槐+山杏+紫花苜蓿植被恢复模式较其他植被恢复模式更有利于土壤微生物群落功能多样性的提高。
In order to understand the effect of different vegetation restoration models on functional diversity of soil microbial communities, six mixed plantation forests(Picea crassifolia+Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensi, Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabulaeformis, Salix matsudana+Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica, Pinus tabulaeformis+Armeniaca sibirica, Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa, Pinus tabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia) in the eco-emigration area of Jingyuan County were planted,and the natural recovery was the CK. Biolog-ECO microplates were utilized to study the functional diversity of soil microbial community in different vegetation restoration models. The results showed that the most and lest AWCD values of soil microbes in different vegetation restoration models were Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa(0.94±0.44) and Picea crassifolia+Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensis(0.26±0.18). In seven different vegetation restoration models, soil microorganisms had different utilization rates of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers, other mixtures and amines. Carbohydrates were the major carbon sources of soil microbes in seven types of vegetation restoration models, followed by amino acids, carboxylic acids and polymers, while the utilization of other compounds and amines was low. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in Shannon index, Brillouin index and Pielou evenness index of soil microbial communities among different vegetation restoration models. The soil microbial Shannon index, Brillouin index and Pielou average evenness index of Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativaand, Pinus tabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia were significantly higher than other vegetation restoration models(P<0.05). PCA analysis showed that PCA1 and PCA2 explained the 36.54% and 26.83% of total variance, respectively.Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa, Pinus tabulaeformis+Armeniaca sibirica, Pinustabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia and natural recovery had more carbon sources utility, Salix matsudana+Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibiricahad less carbon sources utility. And Picea crassifolia+ Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensis and Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabulaeformis had the least carbon source utility. It suggested that it was potential to improve the metabolic activity of the soil microbial community by artificial vegetation restoration. In Liupan mountainseco-emigration area, Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa model is suggested to improve the functional diversity of soil microbial community.
In order to understand the effect of different vegetation restoration models on functional diversity of soil microbial communities, six mixed plantation forests(Picea crassifolia+Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensi, Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabulaeformis, Salix matsudana+Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica, Pinus tabulaeformis+Armeniaca sibirica, Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa, Pinus tabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia) in the eco-emigration area of Jingyuan County were planted,and the natural recovery was the CK. Biolog-ECO microplates were utilized to study the functional diversity of soil microbial community in different vegetation restoration models. The results showed that the most and lest AWCD values of soil microbes in different vegetation restoration models were Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa(0.94±0.44) and Picea crassifolia+Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensis(0.26±0.18). In seven different vegetation restoration models, soil microorganisms had different utilization rates of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers, other mixtures and amines. Carbohydrates were the major carbon sources of soil microbes in seven types of vegetation restoration models, followed by amino acids, carboxylic acids and polymers, while the utilization of other compounds and amines was low. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in Shannon index, Brillouin index and Pielou evenness index of soil microbial communities among different vegetation restoration models. The soil microbial Shannon index, Brillouin index and Pielou average evenness index of Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativaand, Pinus tabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia were significantly higher than other vegetation restoration models(P<0.05). PCA analysis showed that PCA1 and PCA2 explained the 36.54% and 26.83% of total variance, respectively.Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa, Pinus tabulaeformis+Armeniaca sibirica, Pinustabulaeformis+Salix matsudana+Onobrychis viciaefolia and natural recovery had more carbon sources utility, Salix matsudana+Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibiricahad less carbon sources utility. And Picea crassifolia+ Pinus tabulaeformis+Populus hopeiensis and Robinia pseudoacacia+Pinus tabulaeformis had the least carbon source utility. It suggested that it was potential to improve the metabolic activity of the soil microbial community by artificial vegetation restoration. In Liupan mountainseco-emigration area, Robinia pseudoacacia+Armeniaca sibirica+Medicago sativa model is suggested to improve the functional diversity of soil microbial community.
引文
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安韶山,李国辉,陈利顶,2011.宁南山区典型植物根际与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性[J].生态学报,31(18):5225-5234.
蔡进军,董立国,李生宝,等,2016.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤微生物功能多样性特征[J].生态环境学报,25(4):555-562.
程曼,成毅,安韶山,2010.宁南山区退耕对土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,17(5):142-147.
程曼,朱秋莲,刘雷,等,2013.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J].生态学报,33(9):2835-2844.
董立国,蒋齐,蔡进军,等,2011.基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,28(4):630-637.
杜滢鑫,谢宝明,蔡洪生,等,2016.大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性[J].生态学报,36(3):740-747.
韩文文,刘小鹏,裴银宝,等,2016.基于生态足迹的宁夏生态环境可持续发展研究[J].水土保持研究,23(5):285-290,297.
胡婉婷,张维江,李金燕,等,2015.六盘山海子流域植被生态需水量研究[J].农业科学研究,36(1):40-44.
金晶炜,苏纪帅,白于,等,2014.宁南山区土壤质量对人工植被恢复模式的响应[J].农业工程学报,30(16):283-289.
宁夏回族自治区人民政府,2013.宁夏生态移民迁出区生态修复工程规划(2013-2020)[EB/OL].http://sgs.nx.gov.cn/info/iIndex.jsp?cat_id=24723,2013-10-31.
宁夏回族自治区人民政府,2013.自治区人民政府印发关于加强生态移民迁出区生态修复与建设意见的通知[EB/OL].http://govinfo.nlc.cn/nxfz/xxgk/zzhqzfbgt/201405/t20140514_5114184.shtml?classid=416,2013-10-31.
蒲洁,齐雁冰,王茵茵,等,2015.农牧交错带不同植被群落对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,33(4):279-285.
宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等,2014.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,33(9):2454-2461.
孙浩,刘晓勇,熊伟,等,2016.六盘山四种典型森林生态水文功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,30(7):85-89.
王珍,曹光球,张月全,等,2017.凋落物配比对杉木土壤微生物碳代谢多样性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,37(2):148-154.
向泽宇,张莉,张全发,等,2014.青海不同林分类型土壤养分与微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,50(4):22-31.
杨宁,张荣标,张永春,等,2013.基于微生物生态效益的土壤肥力综合评价模型[J].农业机械学报,44(5):108-112.
杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等,2016.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化[J].林业科学,52(8):146-156.
翟辉,张海,张超,等,2016.黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,52(12):84-91.
朱秋莲,程曼,安韶山,等,2013.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体特征及腐殖质分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,27(4):247-251,257.
张圣喜,陈法霖,郑华,2011.土壤微生物群落结构对中亚热带三种典型阔叶树种凋落物分解过程的响应[J].生态学报,31(11):3020-3026.
DENG Q,CHENG X L,HUI D F,et al.,2016.Soil microbial community and its interaction with soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics following afforestation in central China[J].Science of the Total Environment,541:230-237.
FANG H,YU Y L,CHU X Q,et al.,2009.Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity[J].Journal of Environmental Science,21(3):380-386.
RUTGERS M,WOUTERSE M,DROST S M,et al.,2016.Monitoring soil bacteria with community-level physiological profiles using Biolog-ECO-plates in the Netherlands and Europe[J].Applied Soil Ecology,97:23-35.
SCHLATTER D C,BAKKER M G,BRADEEN J M,et al.,2016.Plant community richness and microbial interactions structure bacterial communities in soil[J].Ecology,96(1):134-142.
安韶山,李国辉,陈利顶,2011.宁南山区典型植物根际与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性[J].生态学报,31(18):5225-5234.
蔡进军,董立国,李生宝,等,2016.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤微生物功能多样性特征[J].生态环境学报,25(4):555-562.
程曼,成毅,安韶山,2010.宁南山区退耕对土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,17(5):142-147.
程曼,朱秋莲,刘雷,等,2013.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J].生态学报,33(9):2835-2844.
董立国,蒋齐,蔡进军,等,2011.基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,28(4):630-637.
杜滢鑫,谢宝明,蔡洪生,等,2016.大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性[J].生态学报,36(3):740-747.
韩文文,刘小鹏,裴银宝,等,2016.基于生态足迹的宁夏生态环境可持续发展研究[J].水土保持研究,23(5):285-290,297.
胡婉婷,张维江,李金燕,等,2015.六盘山海子流域植被生态需水量研究[J].农业科学研究,36(1):40-44.
金晶炜,苏纪帅,白于,等,2014.宁南山区土壤质量对人工植被恢复模式的响应[J].农业工程学报,30(16):283-289.
宁夏回族自治区人民政府,2013.宁夏生态移民迁出区生态修复工程规划(2013-2020)[EB/OL].http://sgs.nx.gov.cn/info/iIndex.jsp?cat_id=24723,2013-10-31.
宁夏回族自治区人民政府,2013.自治区人民政府印发关于加强生态移民迁出区生态修复与建设意见的通知[EB/OL].http://govinfo.nlc.cn/nxfz/xxgk/zzhqzfbgt/201405/t20140514_5114184.shtml?classid=416,2013-10-31.
蒲洁,齐雁冰,王茵茵,等,2015.农牧交错带不同植被群落对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,33(4):279-285.
宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等,2014.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,33(9):2454-2461.
孙浩,刘晓勇,熊伟,等,2016.六盘山四种典型森林生态水文功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,30(7):85-89.
王珍,曹光球,张月全,等,2017.凋落物配比对杉木土壤微生物碳代谢多样性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,37(2):148-154.
向泽宇,张莉,张全发,等,2014.青海不同林分类型土壤养分与微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,50(4):22-31.
杨宁,张荣标,张永春,等,2013.基于微生物生态效益的土壤肥力综合评价模型[J].农业机械学报,44(5):108-112.
杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等,2016.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化[J].林业科学,52(8):146-156.
翟辉,张海,张超,等,2016.黄土峁状丘陵区不同类型林分土壤微生物功能多样性[J].林业科学,52(12):84-91.
朱秋莲,程曼,安韶山,等,2013.宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体特征及腐殖质分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,27(4):247-251,257.
张圣喜,陈法霖,郑华,2011.土壤微生物群落结构对中亚热带三种典型阔叶树种凋落物分解过程的响应[J].生态学报,31(11):3020-3026.