晋北丘陵风沙区不同植被恢复模式的水土保持效应
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摘要
通过对山西右玉贾家窑阳坡退耕还林约20年后的4种植被恢复模式(自然恢复草地、油松林、柠条灌丛和油松—柠条林)土壤水分、理化性质、径流量和侵蚀量的测定,探讨了不同植被恢复模式的水土保持效应。结果表明:(1)4种植被恢复模式0—100cm土层土壤平均含水量无显著差异,油松林和自然恢复草地的土壤容重高于油松—柠条林和柠条灌丛,土壤总孔隙度的变化趋势与容重相反;(2)4种植被恢复模式0—20cm土层土壤粒度组成、pH、有机质、铵态氮和速效磷无显著差异,硝态氮和速效钾差异明显(P<0.05);(3)4种植被恢复模式径流量没有明显差异,但土壤侵蚀量自然恢复草地和油松林显著高于柠条灌丛和油松—柠条林(P<0.05);(4)覆盖度相似条件下,根系密度、近地表植被盖度和枯枝落叶层厚度是影响林草植被水土保持效应的主要因素。
This study investigated soil and water conservation effect of different revegetation patterns in sandy-hilly region of northern Shanxi Province.The characteristics of soil water content,physical and chemical properties,runoff volume and soil erosion of four revegetation patterns plots which have been grown for about twenty years at sunny slope in Jiajiayao watershed in Youyu County,were analyzed.Those revegetation patterns included naturally colonized herbaceous plants,Pinus tabuliformis plantation,Caragana korshinskii plantation,and Pinus tabuliformis-Caragana korshinskii plantation.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in soil water content in 0—100 cm depth.Soil bulk density of naturally colonized herbaceous plants and Pinus tabuliformis plantation were higher than those of Pinus tabuliformis-Caragana korshinskii plantation and Caragana korshinskii plantation,while the trends of soil total porosity were opposite to those of bulk density.(2)There were no significant differences in soil granularity distribution,pH,organic matter,ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0—20 cm depth of the four revegetation patterns,while the differences of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium were significant(P<0.05).(3)Revegetation patterns had significant differences on soil erosion,but no effects on runoff(P <0.05).The soil erosion of naturally colonized herbaceous plants and Pinus tabuliformis plantation were significantly higher than those of Caragana korshinskii plantation and Pinus tabuliformisCaragana korshinskii plantation(P <0.05).(4)If coverage was similar,root density,near surface vegetation coverage and leaf litter thickness were the main factors affecting soil and water conservation effect of forest-grass vegetation.
This study investigated soil and water conservation effect of different revegetation patterns in sandy-hilly region of northern Shanxi Province.The characteristics of soil water content,physical and chemical properties,runoff volume and soil erosion of four revegetation patterns plots which have been grown for about twenty years at sunny slope in Jiajiayao watershed in Youyu County,were analyzed.Those revegetation patterns included naturally colonized herbaceous plants,Pinus tabuliformis plantation,Caragana korshinskii plantation,and Pinus tabuliformis-Caragana korshinskii plantation.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in soil water content in 0—100 cm depth.Soil bulk density of naturally colonized herbaceous plants and Pinus tabuliformis plantation were higher than those of Pinus tabuliformis-Caragana korshinskii plantation and Caragana korshinskii plantation,while the trends of soil total porosity were opposite to those of bulk density.(2)There were no significant differences in soil granularity distribution,pH,organic matter,ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0—20 cm depth of the four revegetation patterns,while the differences of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium were significant(P<0.05).(3)Revegetation patterns had significant differences on soil erosion,but no effects on runoff(P <0.05).The soil erosion of naturally colonized herbaceous plants and Pinus tabuliformis plantation were significantly higher than those of Caragana korshinskii plantation and Pinus tabuliformisCaragana korshinskii plantation(P <0.05).(4)If coverage was similar,root density,near surface vegetation coverage and leaf litter thickness were the main factors affecting soil and water conservation effect of forest-grass vegetation.
引文
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[15]赵德怀,李素清.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被数量分类与排序研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,25(1):103-109.
[16]张鸾,郭伟,李素清,等.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被群落分布格局与多样性[J].林业资源管理,2017(6):60-66.
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[18]王青杵,王改玲,石生新,等.晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):71-74.
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[23]马雪华.森林水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993.
[24] Wang Y F,Fu B J,LüY H,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon sequestration at multiple scales in semi-arid Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2011,85:58-66.
[25]薛萐,刘国彬,戴全厚,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区侵蚀土壤微生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):20-27.
[26]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1429-1445.
[27]马婧怡,贾宁凤,程曼.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3471-3481.
[2]朱智勇,解建仓,李占斌,等.坡面径流侵蚀产沙机理试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):1-7.
[3]宋江平,李忠武,刘春,等.湘北红壤低山丘陵区典型水土流失治理模式径流泥沙效应[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):32-38.
[4] Zhang B,Yang Y S,Zepp H.Effect of vegetation restoration on soil and water erosion and nutrient losses of a severely eroded clayer Plinthudult in southeastern China[J].Catena,2004,57:77-90.
[5] Hu J,LüY H,Fu B J,et al.Quantifying the effect of ecological restoration on runoff and sediment yields:A meta-analysis for the Loess Plateau of China[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2017,41(6):753-774.
[6]何淑勤,宫渊波,郑子成,等.不同植被类型条件下土壤抗蚀性变化特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):17-22.
[7]王雅琼,张建军,李梁,等.祁连山区典型草地生态系统土壤抗冲性影响因子[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):122-131.
[8] Wang L,Mu Y,Zhang Q F,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties in the wind-water erosion region of the northern Loess Plateau of China[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2012,40(1):7-15.
[9]张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,等.晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
[10] Zhu B B,Li Z B,Li P,et al.Soil erodibility,microbial biomass,and physical-chemical property changes during long-term natural vegetation restoration:A case study in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Research,2010,25:531-541.
[11]赵护兵,刘国彬,曹玉清.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型的水土保持功能及养分流失效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):43-48.
[12] Peng S L,Chen A Q,Fang H D,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration types on soil quality in Yuanmou dry-hot valley,China[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2013,59(3):347-360.
[13] Zhou J,Fu B J,Gao G Y,et al.Effects of precipitation and restoration vegetation on soil erosion in a semiarid environment in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2016,137:1-11.
[14]周毅,魏天兴,解建强,等.黄土高原不同林地类型水土保持效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):13-21.
[15]赵德怀,李素清.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被数量分类与排序研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,25(1):103-109.
[16]张鸾,郭伟,李素清,等.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被群落分布格局与多样性[J].林业资源管理,2017(6):60-66.
[17]李青,狄晓艳.晋北丘陵风沙区不同植被恢复模式的土壤化学特征与生态恢复效应[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):88-92.
[18]王青杵,王改玲,石生新,等.晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):71-74.
[19]周健民.土壤学大辞典[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[21] Simmons M T,Archer S R,Teague W R,et al.Tree(Prosopis glandulosa)effects on grass growth:An experimental assessment of above-and belowground interactions in a temperate savanna[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(4):314-325.
[22]安文明,梁海斌,王聪,等.黄土高原阴/阳坡向林草土壤水分随退耕年限的变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6120-6127.
[23]马雪华.森林水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993.
[24] Wang Y F,Fu B J,LüY H,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon sequestration at multiple scales in semi-arid Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2011,85:58-66.
[25]薛萐,刘国彬,戴全厚,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区侵蚀土壤微生物量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):20-27.
[26]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1429-1445.
[27]马婧怡,贾宁凤,程曼.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3471-3481.