Three modes of a direct-current plasma jet operated underwater to degrade methylene blue
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摘要
A direct-current air plasma jet operated underwater presents three stable modes including an intermittently-pulsed discharge, a periodically-pulsed discharge and a continuous discharge with increasing the power voltage. The three discharge modes have different appearances for the plasma plumes. Moreover, gap voltage-current characteristics indicate that the continuous discharge is in a normal glow regime. Spectral lines from reactive species(OH, N_2, N_2~+, H_α,and O) have been revealed in the emission spectrum of the plasma jet operated underwater.Spectral intensities emitted from OH radical and oxygen atom increase with increasing the power voltage or the gas flow rate, indicating that reactive species are abundant. These reactive species cause the degradation of the methylene blue dye in solution. Effects of the experimental parameters such as the power voltage, the gas flow rate and the treatment time are investigated on the degradation efficiency. Results indicate that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing the power voltage, the gas flow rate or the treatment time. Compared with degradation in the intermittently-pulsed mode or the periodically-pulsed one, it is more efficient in the continuous mode, reaching 98% after 21 min treatment.
A direct-current air plasma jet operated underwater presents three stable modes including an intermittently-pulsed discharge, a periodically-pulsed discharge and a continuous discharge with increasing the power voltage. The three discharge modes have different appearances for the plasma plumes. Moreover, gap voltage-current characteristics indicate that the continuous discharge is in a normal glow regime. Spectral lines from reactive species(OH, N_2, N_2~+, H_α,and O) have been revealed in the emission spectrum of the plasma jet operated underwater.Spectral intensities emitted from OH radical and oxygen atom increase with increasing the power voltage or the gas flow rate, indicating that reactive species are abundant. These reactive species cause the degradation of the methylene blue dye in solution. Effects of the experimental parameters such as the power voltage, the gas flow rate and the treatment time are investigated on the degradation efficiency. Results indicate that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing the power voltage, the gas flow rate or the treatment time. Compared with degradation in the intermittently-pulsed mode or the periodically-pulsed one, it is more efficient in the continuous mode, reaching 98% after 21 min treatment.
A direct-current air plasma jet operated underwater presents three stable modes including an intermittently-pulsed discharge, a periodically-pulsed discharge and a continuous discharge with increasing the power voltage. The three discharge modes have different appearances for the plasma plumes. Moreover, gap voltage-current characteristics indicate that the continuous discharge is in a normal glow regime. Spectral lines from reactive species(OH, N_2, N_2~+, H_α,and O) have been revealed in the emission spectrum of the plasma jet operated underwater.Spectral intensities emitted from OH radical and oxygen atom increase with increasing the power voltage or the gas flow rate, indicating that reactive species are abundant. These reactive species cause the degradation of the methylene blue dye in solution. Effects of the experimental parameters such as the power voltage, the gas flow rate and the treatment time are investigated on the degradation efficiency. Results indicate that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing the power voltage, the gas flow rate or the treatment time. Compared with degradation in the intermittently-pulsed mode or the periodically-pulsed one, it is more efficient in the continuous mode, reaching 98% after 21 min treatment.
引文
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[40]Malik M A 2010 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.30 21
[41]Magureanu M et al 2008 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.28 677
[42]Malik M A et al 2002 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.11 236
[2]Bruggeman P and Leys C 2009 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.42053001
[3]NěmcováL et al 2011 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.39 865
[4]Vanraes P,Nikiforov A and Leys C 2012 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.45 245206
[5]Deng X L et al 2013 Plasma Process.Polym.10 641
[6]Malik M A,Ghaffar A and Malik S A 2001 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.10 82
[7]Wang S et al 2013 Appl.Phys.Lett.103 264108
[8]Tang Q et al 2009 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.29 291
[9]Parkansky N et al 2012 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.32 933
[10]Sun P et al 2010 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.38 1892
[11]Bai N et al 2011 Plasma Process.Polym.8 424
[12]Sugiarto A T,Ohshima T and Sato M 2002 Thin Solid Films407 174
[13]Lu N et al 2015 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.43 580
[14]Foster J et al 2011 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.20 034018
[15]Chen B Y et al 2016 Plasma Sci.Technol.18 41
[16]Baba K,Kaneko T and Hatakeyama R 2007 Appl.Phys.Lett.90 201501
[17]Aoki H,Kitano K and Hamaguchi S 2008 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.17 025006
[18]Xiong R H et al 2012 Phys.Plasmas 19 023501
[19]Deng X L et al 2013 J.Appl.Phys.113 023305
[20]Li X C et al 2016 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.25 025022
[21]Li X C et al 2013 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.22 045007
[22]Vertriest R et al 2003 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.12 412
[23]Lu D L et al 2010 IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.38 2854
[24]Dors M,Mizeraczyk J and Mok Y S 2006 J.Adv.Oxid.Technol.9 139
[25]Gao J Z et al 2006 J.Hazard.Mater.137 431
[26]Nikiforov A Y et al 2011 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.20034008
[27]Ren C S et al 2006 J.Electrost.64 23
[28]Mraihi A et al 2011 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.20 065002
[29]Tang J et al 2012 Phys.Plasmas 19 013501
[30]Zaharie-Butucel D and Anghel S D 2014 Rom.Journ.Phys.59757(https://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2014_59_7-8/0757_0766.pdf)
[31]Li X C et al 2014 J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.83 024502
[32]Dilecce G 2014 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.23 015011
[33]de Brito Benetoli L O et al 2012 J.Hazard.Mater.237–238 55
[34]Huang F M et al 2010 Chem.Eng.J.162 250
[35]Towne V et al 2009 J.Pharm.Sci.98 3987
[36]Baba S,Satoh S and Yamabe C 2002 Vacuum 65 489
[37]Teramoto Y,Ono R and Oda T 2009 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.42 235205
[38]Li J et al 2007 Desalination 212 123
[39]StaráZ et al 2009 Desalination 239 283
[40]Malik M A 2010 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.30 21
[41]Magureanu M et al 2008 Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.28 677
[42]Malik M A et al 2002 Plasma Sources Sci.Technol.11 236