基于飞行仿真的飞机起降性能计算方法研究
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摘要
为使飞机起降性能计算满足现有飞行性能计算标准或规范,针对起降过程涉及影响因素多、参数精度要求高的特点,提出了基于飞行仿真技术对不同起飞方式和着陆阶段仿真计算起降性能的方法。详细地建立了双发正常式布局飞机各分系统对应模型,包括非线性运动方程、气动力、发动机、起落架、动态质量模型。根据不同起飞方式和着陆阶段的性能计算标准及驾驶员操纵规范设计了单发起飞、两点式起飞、三点式起飞、中断起飞和着陆性能仿真计算流程,并开发相应的程序完成了该过程中全部参数的计算。较现有方法计算复杂性增加,过程详细,可计算的参数增多,能对各类影响因素进行量化分析。结果表明单发起飞距离最长,轻型飞机宜采取三点式起飞,当飞机在高原或推力受限时宜采取两点式起飞;着陆距离与下滑轨迹角相关,轻型飞机着陆可以降低进场速度、增加下滑角。
In order to comply with the existing standard requirements or specifications, a new computational method for aircraft take-off and landing performance, which deals with the characteristics of the high precision of parameters in the process of take-off and landing based on flight simulation technique. The simulation model for a twin-engine normal layout aircraft is constructed in detail, including nonlinear motion equation, aerodynamic, engine, landing gear and dynamical mass model. According to performance calculation standard and pilot control specification for different take-off modes and landing stages, the simulation process for one engine inoperative(OEI) take-off, angle of attack(AoA) hold take-off, standard take-off, reject take-off and landing are designed, and corresponding performance computer software is developed to achieve the goal of accuracy as well as full parameters calculation. Compared with the existing methods, the computational complexity of this method is increased, the process is detailed, the parameters are increased, and more influencing factors can be analyzed quantitatively. Results show that OEI take-off distance is the longest, standard take-off is suitable for light aircraft, angle of attack hold take-off is appropriate in plateau or limited thrust. Landing distance is related to glide angle. Therefore, light aircraft landing can reduce the approach speed and increase the glide angle.
In order to comply with the existing standard requirements or specifications, a new computational method for aircraft take-off and landing performance, which deals with the characteristics of the high precision of parameters in the process of take-off and landing based on flight simulation technique. The simulation model for a twin-engine normal layout aircraft is constructed in detail, including nonlinear motion equation, aerodynamic, engine, landing gear and dynamical mass model. According to performance calculation standard and pilot control specification for different take-off modes and landing stages, the simulation process for one engine inoperative(OEI) take-off, angle of attack(AoA) hold take-off, standard take-off, reject take-off and landing are designed, and corresponding performance computer software is developed to achieve the goal of accuracy as well as full parameters calculation. Compared with the existing methods, the computational complexity of this method is increased, the process is detailed, the parameters are increased, and more influencing factors can be analyzed quantitatively. Results show that OEI take-off distance is the longest, standard take-off is suitable for light aircraft, angle of attack hold take-off is appropriate in plateau or limited thrust. Landing distance is related to glide angle. Therefore, light aircraft landing can reduce the approach speed and increase the glide angle.
引文
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[2] 宋花玉,蔡良才.飞机起飞航迹计算中发动机推力计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2010(2):59-63SONG Huayu,CAI Liangcai.Computational Method of Engine Thrust in Aircraft Take-Off Track Calculation[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011(2):59-63 (in Chinese)
[3] 蔡良才,王海服,朱占卿,等.高原机场飞机起飞滑跑距离计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(2):66-72CAI Liangcai,WAN Haifu,ZHU Zhanqing,et al.Calculation Method of Running Distance for Aircraft Takeoff on Plateau Airport[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2013,13(2):66-72 (in Chinese)
[4] 张立,石怀林,涂丛润.某飞机着陆的数值计算[J].计算机辅助工程,2011,20(1):94-96ZHANG Li,SHI Huailin,TU Congrun,et al,Numerical Computation on Aircraft Landing[J].Computer Aided Engineering,2011,20(1):94-96 (in Chinese)
[5] 王辉,张伟方.计算机环境下的实时飞行仿真系统的构建[J].机械科学与技术,2011,30(8):1235-1238WANG Hui,ZHANG Weifang.Construction of a Real-Time Flight Simulation System Based on Computer Environment[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2011,30(8):1235-1238 (in Chinese)
[6] 林可心,岑国平.飞机起飞着陆性能仿真与分析[J].空军工程大学学报,2012,13(4):21-25LING Kexin,CEN Guoping.Simulation and Analysis for Airplanes′ Performance of Takeoff and Landing[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University,2012,13(4):21-25 (in Chinese)
[7] STENGEL R F.Flight Dynamics[M].NJ,Princeton University Press,2004
[8] BEARD R W,MCLAIN T W.Small Unmanned Aircraft:Theory and Practice[M].NJ,Princeton University Press,2012,32-40
[9] 史莹晶.航空飞行器控制与仿真[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,2011:55-58SHI Yingjin.Control and Simulation of Aviation Airacrafts[M].Xi′an,The University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,2011:55-58 (in Chinese)
[10] 李波,焦宗夏.飞机起落架系统动力学建模与仿真[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(1):46-49LI Bo,JIAO Zongxia.Aircraft Landing Gear System Dynamic Modeling and Simulation[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(1):46-49
[11] 甘欣,伍智敏,席锋.多轮轴飞机转弯滑行的行驶阻力分析[J].航空科学技术,2016,27(12):47-52GAN Xin,WU Zhimin,XI Feng.Turning-Taxiing Driving Drag Analysis of Aircraft with Mlti-Axle[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2016,27(12):47-52 (in Chinese)
[12] 甘欣.飞机地面运动的静摩擦力模型[J].航空科学技术,2016(6):34-38GAN Xin.A Static Friction Model of Aircraft Motion on Ground[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2016(6):34-38 (in Chinese)
[13] 罗伊·兰顿.飞机燃油系统[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010:86-90LANGTON R.Aircraft Fuel System[M].Shanghai,Shanghai Jiaotong University Press,2010:86-90
[14] ZHU Y,WANG J,CHEN Y,et al.Calculation of Takeoff and Landing Performance under Different Environments[C]//International of Modern Physics Conference Series,2016:1660174
[15] 金长江,范立钦,周士林.飞行动力学——飞机飞行性能计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983:207-216JIN Changjiang,FAN Liqin,ZHOU Shilin.Flight Dynamics——Aircraft Flight Performance Calculation[M].Beijing,National Defense Industry Press,1983:207-216 (in Chinese)