晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能及热稳定性的影响
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摘要
研究了晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能及其热稳定性的影响.随着扩散温度的升高,磁体的矫顽力(Hcj)呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,并在890°C扩散3 h,480°C回火5 h的工艺条件下,矫顽力达到较优,从1 209 kA/m提高到1 624 kA/m,磁体的剩磁只有轻微的下降,从1.38 T降低到1.32 T.高温下测试磁体的磁性能,原始磁体和890°C晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金磁体的矫顽力都呈下降趋势,但晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金磁体的矫顽力在高温下要明显优于原始磁体.原始磁体及890°C晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金磁体在不同温度下保温2 h的不可逆磁通损失分别为63%和45%.且DSC结果显示,890°C晶界扩散Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5合金磁体的居里温度(Tc)要明显高于原始磁体的居里温度,这表明晶界扩散磁体的热稳定性得到了很大的改善. XRD图谱显示,890°C晶界扩散磁体RE2Fe14B相的衍射峰较原始磁体向右偏移,说明Dy原子及Co原子少部分已进入主相晶粒.
The effect of grain boundary diffusion Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5 alloys on the magnetic properties and thermal stability of sintered NdFeB magnets was investigated. As diffusion temperature rose, the coercivity(Hcj) of the magnets first increased and then decreased. After the magnets were under diffusion treatment at 890 °C for 3 h and were annealed subsequently at 480 °C for 5 h, the coercivity reached maxima, increasing from 1 209 kA/m to 1 624 kA/m. At the same time, the remanence of the diffused magnets decreased slightly, from 1.38 T to1.32 T. When magnetic properties of the original magnet and the grain boundary diffusion Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5 alloy one were tested at high temperatures respectively, the two magnets both showed decrease in coercivity. But the coercivity of the diffused magnet was significantly higher than that of the original one. After the original magnet and the diffused one were exposed to different temperatures for 2 h, magnets′ irreversible flux loss stood 63 % and 45 %, respectively. According to the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) results, the Curie temperature(Tc) of the diffused magnet was significantly higher than that of the original one, which indicated that the thermal stability of the diffused magnet has been greatly improved. Besides, the X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern of the diffused magnet showed that its diffraction peaks of RE_2Fe_(14)B phase shifted to the right,compared to the original one. This suggested that a small number of the Dy atoms and Co atoms have entered the main phase grain.
The effect of grain boundary diffusion Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5 alloys on the magnetic properties and thermal stability of sintered NdFeB magnets was investigated. As diffusion temperature rose, the coercivity(Hcj) of the magnets first increased and then decreased. After the magnets were under diffusion treatment at 890 °C for 3 h and were annealed subsequently at 480 °C for 5 h, the coercivity reached maxima, increasing from 1 209 kA/m to 1 624 kA/m. At the same time, the remanence of the diffused magnets decreased slightly, from 1.38 T to1.32 T. When magnetic properties of the original magnet and the grain boundary diffusion Dy_(60)Co_(35)Ga_5 alloy one were tested at high temperatures respectively, the two magnets both showed decrease in coercivity. But the coercivity of the diffused magnet was significantly higher than that of the original one. After the original magnet and the diffused one were exposed to different temperatures for 2 h, magnets′ irreversible flux loss stood 63 % and 45 %, respectively. According to the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) results, the Curie temperature(Tc) of the diffused magnet was significantly higher than that of the original one, which indicated that the thermal stability of the diffused magnet has been greatly improved. Besides, the X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern of the diffused magnet showed that its diffraction peaks of RE_2Fe_(14)B phase shifted to the right,compared to the original one. This suggested that a small number of the Dy atoms and Co atoms have entered the main phase grain.
引文
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[2]雷伟凯,曾庆文,胡贤君,等.高丰度稀土永磁材料的研究现状与展望[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(5):7-12.
[3]LIU Q B,TANG X,CHEN R J,et al.Effect of Tb-Fe diffusion on magnetic properties and thermal stability of hot-deformed magnets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,773:1108-1113.
[4]郭诚君,李家节,饶先发,等.烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体腐蚀动力学行为[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(1):59-63.
[5]SAGAWA M,FUJIMURA S,TOGAWA N,et al.New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1984,55:2083.
[6]GUTFLEISCH O,WILLARD M A,BRUCK E,et al.Magnetic materials and devices for the 21st century:stronger,lighter,and more energy efficient[J].Advanced Materials,2011,23:821.
[7]ZHOU B B,LI X B,LIANG X L,et al.Improvement of the magnetic property,thermal stability and corrosion resistance of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets with Dy80Al20addition[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2017,429:257-262.
[8]CUI X G,CUI Y C,CHENG X D,et al.Effect of Dy2O3intergranular addition on thermal stability and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-Bmagnets[J].Intermetallics,2014,55:118-122.
[9]LIU P,MA T Y,WANG X H,et al.Role of hydrogen in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with DyHx addition[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,628:282-286.
[10]LIU Y H,GUO S,LIU X M,et al.Magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with DyHx addition[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2016,111:7-12.
[11]KIM T H,LEE S R,KIM H J,et al.Magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with DyHx addition[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115:17-21.
[12]PHAM T T,NGUYEN V D,NGUYEN H Y,et al.Effect of adding non-ferromagnetic nanoparticles to grain boundary on coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet[J].Current Applied Physics,2018,18:329-334.
[13]GRIGORAS M,LOSTUN M,URSE M,et al.Nd-Fe-B/Sm-M/Nd-M(M=Fe,Co,Ti,Cu,Zr)hybrid magnets with improved thermal stability[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2018,447:68-72.
[14]NIITSU K,SATO A,SASAKI T T,et al.Magnetization measurements for grain boundary phases in Ga-doped Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet[J].Journal of Alloy and Compounds,2018,752:220-230.
[15]DEREWNICKA,FERRARI S,BILOVOL V,et al.Influence of Nb,Mo,and Ti as doping metals on structure and magnetic response in NdFeB based melt spun ribbons[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2018,462:83-95.
[16]MA Y G,LI R S,YANG Z,et al.Effect of additive elements(Cu,Zr,Al)on morphological and magnetic properties of NdFeB thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:B,2005,117:287-291.
[17]GAO J R,SONG X P,WANG X T,et al.Effects of Co and Zr additions on microstructure and anisotropy of HDDR-treated NdFeB alloy powders[J].Journal of Alloy and Compounds,1997,248:176-179.
[18]CUI X G,WANG X H,YIN G C,et al.Magnetic properties and microstructure of sintered NdFeB magnets with intergranular addition of Ni powders[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,726:846-851.
[19]ZHANG X F,GUO S,YAN C J,et al.Improvement of the thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets by intergranular addition of Dy82.3Co17.7[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115:17-21.
[20]MATSUURA Y,HIROSAWA S,YAMAMOTO,et al.Phase diagram of the NdFeB ternary system[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1985,24:635-638.
[21]WANG X L,ZHAO L,DING K H,et al.Influence of dysprosium distribution on properties of sintered and aged Dy-doped NdFeBpermanent magnets[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45:309-314.
[22]WANG Y,DONG P B,ZHANG B C,et al.Stability and estimate for flux irreversible loss of Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2006,13:5-9.
[23]ZHOU S Z,DONG Q F.Supermagnets:rare-earth&iron system permanent magnet[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2004.
[24]RAO G J,PRASAD T,SHAMEER S,et al.Soapnut extract mediated synthesis of nanoscale cobalt substituted NdFeBferromagnetic materials and their characterization[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2018,451:159-166.