高层建筑楼梯间不同自然排烟方式对烟气流动特征影响的数值模拟
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摘要
高层建筑发生火灾时,疏散通道内的环境安全是重中之重。以马鞍山市某13层办公楼为原型,基于火灾动力学的理论,利用FDS火灾仿真软件对其楼梯间发生火灾时烟气流动特征进行了数值模拟,分别研究在楼梯间底部、中部、顶部起火时,在不同自然排烟开窗方式下烟气的流动规律,并根据模拟结果探讨了在楼梯间底部起火时,CO浓度和温度的分布规律,从而得出最佳的自然排烟的开窗方式,以减少烟气等有害气体对楼梯间疏散环境的影响,可为人员疏散及现场救援等决策提供参考。
The safety of the evacuation passageway of high-rise buildings is crucial in the fire accident.Based on the fire dynamics theory,this paper uses FDSfire simulation software to simulate the smoke movement in the staircase in a 13-floor office building in Ma'anshan as the model prototype.The paper studies the smoke movement characteristics with different natural smoke exhaust methods when the fire breaks out at different location of the staircase(bottom,middle,top).Based on the simulation results,the paper discusses the distribution law of CO concentration and temperature when the fire breaks out at the bottom of the staircase.Thus the paper concludes the best way of opening patterns for natural smoke exhaust to reduce the smoke in staircase,which provides a reference in the process of decision making for personnel evacuation and emergency rescue and so on.
The safety of the evacuation passageway of high-rise buildings is crucial in the fire accident.Based on the fire dynamics theory,this paper uses FDSfire simulation software to simulate the smoke movement in the staircase in a 13-floor office building in Ma'anshan as the model prototype.The paper studies the smoke movement characteristics with different natural smoke exhaust methods when the fire breaks out at different location of the staircase(bottom,middle,top).Based on the simulation results,the paper discusses the distribution law of CO concentration and temperature when the fire breaks out at the bottom of the staircase.Thus the paper concludes the best way of opening patterns for natural smoke exhaust to reduce the smoke in staircase,which provides a reference in the process of decision making for personnel evacuation and emergency rescue and so on.
引文
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[15]丁厚成,戚文竟,朱志伟,等.地铁车厢内部火灾烟气流动规律的数值模拟研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(4):123-128.
[16]熊筠,冯小军,张文华.对防烟楼梯间自然排烟窗不同设置排烟效果的探讨[J].消防技术与产品信息,2015(12):22-25.
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[18]陈艳波.楼梯间开窗方式对自然排烟效果的影响[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(11):1436-1439.
[2]胡传平,杨昀.高层建筑火灾情况下利用电梯疏散的案例研究[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(4):97-102.
[3]郑亮.高层建筑防排烟设计初探[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(8):184-188.
[4]伍颖,李卓球.高层建筑火灾人群疏散模型研究[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(3):87-89.
[5]张娜,袁树杰,毕昆.多层建筑火灾烟气运动和回燃的数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(2):28-31.
[6]Yao H W,Liang D,Hu Z J,et al.FDS research on smoke control in the stair enclosure of a high-rise building fire event[C]//2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology,October 16-18,2009,Guilin,China.[S.l.]:IEEE,2009,3:70-73.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑设计防火规范:GB 50016—2014[S].2014.
[8]朱国庆,张国维.大空间建筑自然排烟烟流逆转现象理论分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(10):76-80.
[9]梁慧.浅谈高层民用建筑防烟楼梯间及其前室的防排烟方式[J].结构设计与研究应用,2006,32(1):175-176.
[10]高武,张永志.防烟楼梯间各种防排烟方式的利与弊[J].中国新技术新产品,2009(7):14-15.
[11]杨淑江.大空间建筑防排烟系统性能化设计[J].安全与环境工程,2010,17(5):84-87.
[12]杜毅.高层建筑消防防火排烟设计探讨[J].科技创新与应用,2013(29):235-236.
[13]McGrattan K,McDermott R,Hostikka S,et al.Fire Dynamics Simulator Technical Reference Guide(Version 6)[R].Maryland,US:National Institute of Standards and Technology,2015:29-36.
[14]Meng N,Hu L H,Wu L.Numerical study on the optimization of smoke ventilation mode at the conjunction area between tunnel track and platform in emergency of a train fire at subway station[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2014,40:151-159.
[15]丁厚成,戚文竟,朱志伟,等.地铁车厢内部火灾烟气流动规律的数值模拟研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(4):123-128.
[16]熊筠,冯小军,张文华.对防烟楼梯间自然排烟窗不同设置排烟效果的探讨[J].消防技术与产品信息,2015(12):22-25.
[17]Yang J T,Yang Y,Chen Y.Numerical simulation of smoke movement influence to evacuation in a high-rise residential building fire[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,45:727-734.
[18]陈艳波.楼梯间开窗方式对自然排烟效果的影响[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(11):1436-1439.