重载铁路有砟道床动态行为的离散元模拟与试验研究
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摘要
采用具有真实几何形状的簇颗粒模拟道砟,建立重载铁路有砟道床三维离散元模型,模拟分析车辆动荷载作用下道床的宏细观动态行为;同时,在朔黄铁路开展道床振动响应的现场测试。离散元模拟的轨枕动位移和道砟振动加速度均与试验结果吻合较好,进一步利用该模型分析道砟细观动态响应的空间分布规律和轨枕-道砟接触力的统计特征。结果表明:道砟振动加速度随行车速度的提高快速增大,钢轨支点下方的道砟振动响应最明显,砟肩区域的道砟会同时出现垂向和水平运动;在本文计算条件下,80%的枕下压力荷载主要由约70个接触点(半根轨枕)承担,枕下最大压应力约为道床顶面平均应力的1.8～2倍。
A three dimensional discrete element model of railway ballast was established to simulate the macro and meso scale dynamic behaviors of ballast under the dynamic heavy haul vehicle loads. In this model, clump models with real geometric shape were used to simulate the ballast particles. A field experiment on the vibration response of the ballast was also carried out on the Shenchi-Huanghua railway to validate the model. It was found that the simulated sleeper displacement and ballast vibration acceleration can agree well with the test results. Using the DEM model, the spatial distribution characteristics of the dynamic behaviors of the ballast, together with the sleeper-ballast contact forces, were further analyzed. The results show that the ballast vibration acceleration increases distinctly with the increase of vehicle speed. Under the dynamic vehicle load, the vibration of the ballast under the rail seat is the most prominent and the shoulder ballast shows obvious vertical and horizontal movements simultaneously. The DEM results also demonstrate that 80% of the sleeper-ballast force mainly acts on about 70 contact points(half sleeper) between the sleeper and the ballast, and the maximum stress at the sleeper-ballast interface is about 1.8～2 times of the mean stress on ballast surface.
A three dimensional discrete element model of railway ballast was established to simulate the macro and meso scale dynamic behaviors of ballast under the dynamic heavy haul vehicle loads. In this model, clump models with real geometric shape were used to simulate the ballast particles. A field experiment on the vibration response of the ballast was also carried out on the Shenchi-Huanghua railway to validate the model. It was found that the simulated sleeper displacement and ballast vibration acceleration can agree well with the test results. Using the DEM model, the spatial distribution characteristics of the dynamic behaviors of the ballast, together with the sleeper-ballast contact forces, were further analyzed. The results show that the ballast vibration acceleration increases distinctly with the increase of vehicle speed. Under the dynamic vehicle load, the vibration of the ballast under the rail seat is the most prominent and the shoulder ballast shows obvious vertical and horizontal movements simultaneously. The DEM results also demonstrate that 80% of the sleeper-ballast force mainly acts on about 70 contact points(half sleeper) between the sleeper and the ballast, and the maximum stress at the sleeper-ballast interface is about 1.8～2 times of the mean stress on ballast surface.
引文
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[19] INDRARATNA B,NIMBALKAR S,CHRISTIE D,et al.Field Assessment of the Performance of a Ballasted Rail Track with and Without Geosynthetics[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2010,136(7):907-917.
[2] ZHAI W M,GAO J M,LIU P F,et al.Reducing Rail Side Wear on Heavy-haul Railway Curves Based on Wheel-rail Dynamic Interaction[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2014,52(S1):440-454.
[3] 中国铁道科学研究院.重载铁路线路基础设施强化改造措施研发技术报告[R].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2015.
[4] 张雷.弹性轨枕有碴轨道的基础试验与动力分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.
[5] 郄录朝.重载铁路用道砟垫设计研究[J].铁道建筑,2014(7):133-135.
[6] 王红,许永贤,许良善,等.重载铁路聚氨酯固化道床结构形式及其合理参数的研究[J].铁道建筑,2014(7):129-132.
[7] INDRARATNA B,THAKUR P,VINOD J S.Experimental and Numerical Study of Railway Ballast Behavior under Cyclic Loading[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2009,10(4):136-144.
[8] AURSUDKIJ B,MCDOWELL G R,COLLOP A C.Cyclic Loading of Railway Ballast under Triaxial Conditions and in a Railway Test Facility[J].Granular Matter,2009,11(6):391-401.
[9] 王红.道碴弹性与累积变形的试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2001,22(6):106-110.WANG Hong.Test and Study on Ballast Elasticity and Accumulated Deformation[J].China Railway Science,2001,22(6):106-110.
[10] INDRARATNA B,RUJIKIATKAMJORN C,NGO N T,et al.Behavior of Fresh and Fouled Railway Ballast Subjected to Direct Shear Testing:Discrete Element Simulation[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2014,15(1):34-44.
[11] 徐旸,高亮,井国庆,等.脏污对道床剪切性能影响及评估指标的离散元分析[J].工程力学,2015,32(8):96-102.XU Yang,GAO Liang,JING Guoqing,et al.Shear Behavior Analysis of Fouled Railroad Ballast by DEM and Its Evaluation Index[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(8):96-102.
[12] HUANG H,TUTUMLUER E.Discrete Element Modeling for Fouled Railroad Ballast[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(8):3306-3312.
[13] HUANG H.Discrete Element Modeling of Railroad Ballast Using Imaging Based Aggregate Morphology Characterization[D].Urbana,Illinois:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,2010.
[14] 张徐,赵春发,翟婉明.铁路碎石道砟静态压碎行为数值模拟分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(1):137-143.ZHANG Xu,ZHAO Chunfa,ZHAI Wanming.Numerical Analysis of Static Crushed Behavior of Railway Ballast[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(1):137-143.
[15] 张徐,赵春发,翟婉明,等.铁路有砟道床振动和变形行为的离散元模拟与试验验证[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1481-1488.ZHANG Xu,ZHAO Chunfa,ZHAI Wanming,et al.Discrete Element Simulation and Its Validation on Vibration and Deformation of Railway Ballast[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1481-1488.
[16] 张徐.高速铁路散粒体道床宏细观力学行为的数值模拟与试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[17] 翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].4版.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[18] 翟婉明,林建辉,王开云.铁路道床振动的理论模拟与试验研究[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(4):404-408.ZHAI Wanming,LIN Jianhui,WANG Kaiyun.Theoretical Simulation and Field Experiment on Vibration of Railway Ballast[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2003,16(4):404-408.
[19] INDRARATNA B,NIMBALKAR S,CHRISTIE D,et al.Field Assessment of the Performance of a Ballasted Rail Track with and Without Geosynthetics[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2010,136(7):907-917.