地铁车站火灾情况下“吸穿效应”对机械排烟效率的影响分析
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摘要
通过理论分析,找出了影响地铁车站机械排烟效率的关键因素——吸穿效应。采用FDS软件模拟分析了下排烟口、侧排烟口工况中不同挡烟垂壁底标高时,排烟口处CO平均体积分数随排烟口下方烟气层厚度变化的情况。对比分析了排烟口下方的烟气层厚度变化时排烟系统的排烟效率变化情况。找出了最佳的排烟管底标高及站厅层公共区挡烟垂壁底标高。
Through theoretical analysis, the plug-holing is detected as the key factor to influence the efficiency of mechanical smoke extraction of metro station. The simulation software FDS is used to imitate and analyze the average CO concentration in smoke outlet following the changes of the flue gas thickness below the smoke outlet, when the bottom elevations of the hang wall are different under the working conditions of lower smoke vent and lateral smoke vent. The changes of smoke extraction efficiency is comparatively analyzed when the thickness of flue gas below the smoke outlet is different. Finally, the optimal bottom elevation of smoke tube and the bottom elevation of the hang wall in the public areas of metro station are found out.
Through theoretical analysis, the plug-holing is detected as the key factor to influence the efficiency of mechanical smoke extraction of metro station. The simulation software FDS is used to imitate and analyze the average CO concentration in smoke outlet following the changes of the flue gas thickness below the smoke outlet, when the bottom elevations of the hang wall are different under the working conditions of lower smoke vent and lateral smoke vent. The changes of smoke extraction efficiency is comparatively analyzed when the thickness of flue gas below the smoke outlet is different. Finally, the optimal bottom elevation of smoke tube and the bottom elevation of the hang wall in the public areas of metro station are found out.
引文
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[2] 沈建明.枢纽闲置铁路发挥城市轨道交通功能研究[J].铁道标准设计,2012(1):10.
[3] 常磊,史聪灵,涂旭炜.地铁岛式车站火灾排烟模式的计算与验证[J].消防科学与技术,2010,29(8):664.
[4] 周荣义,黎忠文.地铁火灾的防范与疏散[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(11):58.
[5] MORGAN H P,GARDINER J P. Design principles for smoke ventilation in enclosed shopping centers[M].BR 186.Garston,U.K. :Building Research Establishment, 1990.
[6] LOUGHEED G V. Hadjisophocleous Investigation of Atrium Smoke Exhaust Effectiveness[J].ASHRAE Transaction, 1997,103(2):1.
[7] 魏雨.地铁火灾人员安全疏散研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2011.
[8] 纪杰,钟委,张英,等.典型多层地铁车站中间层起火时的通风模式优化分析[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(2):131.
[9] 史聪灵,钟茂华. 深埋地铁车站火灾实验与数值分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[10] USA National Fire Protection Association. Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting: NFPA 204M—2002[S]. 2002.
[11] 钟委.地铁站火灾烟气流动特性及控制方法研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.