基于浅池理论的硫酸钡垢定点除垢实验研究
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摘要
为有效防止油田开采过程中硫酸钡结垢造成的管线及设备堵塞,克服超声波、磁场及高频电场等物理防垢方法的不足,根据浅池理论,研制了具有混合区、结垢区和缓冲区的物理法定点除垢装置。除垢器框架为立方体,结垢板为平板,卡条支撑板具有45°、60°及90°三种角度。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)检测除垢装置出口端离子浓度,避免了人为误差。通过除垢装置研究了反应时间、成垢离子初始浓度及温度对硫酸钡结垢率的影响。结果表明,定点除垢器对硫酸钡的除垢效果良好,结垢率约99.9%。反应时间、Ba~(2+)与SO_4~(2-)初始浓度对硫酸钡结垢率的影响较小。5~10 min为定点除垢器内硫酸钡最佳结垢时间。硫酸钡结垢率随温度升高先增加后略有降低,最佳结垢温度为50℃。Ba2+质量浓度为742 mg/L、Ba~(2+)与SO_4~(2-)摩尔浓度比为1∶4时,硫酸钡结垢率可达99.99%。
In order to effectively prevent the plugging of pipeline and equipment caused by barium sulfate scaling in the process of oilfield exploitation,and overcome the shortcomings of physical anti-scaling methods such as ultrasonic wave,magnetic field,and high-frequency electric field. According to the shallow pool theory,a physical fixed point descaling device containing mixing zone,scaling area and buffer zone was developed. The descaler frame was a cube,the scale plate was flat,and the clamping plate had threeangles of 45°,60°,and 90°. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP)was used to detect ion concentration at the outlet of descaling device,avoiding human errors. The influence of reaction time,initial concentration of fouling ion and temperature on the scaling rate of barium sulfate was studied by the descaling device. The results showed that the descaling effect of fixed-point descaling device was good and the scaling rate was about 99.9%. Reaction time,initial concentration of Ba~(2+) and SO_4~(2-) had little effect on the scaling rate of barium sulfate. 5—10 min was the best scaling time for barium sulfate in the fixed-point descaling device. The scaling rate of barium sulfate increased first and then decreased slightly with increasing temperature. The best scaling temperature was 50℃. When the mass concentration of Ba~(2+) was 742 mg/L and the molar ratio of Ba~(2+) to SO_4~(2-)was 1∶4,the scaling rate of barium sulfate could reach 99.99%.
In order to effectively prevent the plugging of pipeline and equipment caused by barium sulfate scaling in the process of oilfield exploitation,and overcome the shortcomings of physical anti-scaling methods such as ultrasonic wave,magnetic field,and high-frequency electric field. According to the shallow pool theory,a physical fixed point descaling device containing mixing zone,scaling area and buffer zone was developed. The descaler frame was a cube,the scale plate was flat,and the clamping plate had threeangles of 45°,60°,and 90°. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP)was used to detect ion concentration at the outlet of descaling device,avoiding human errors. The influence of reaction time,initial concentration of fouling ion and temperature on the scaling rate of barium sulfate was studied by the descaling device. The results showed that the descaling effect of fixed-point descaling device was good and the scaling rate was about 99.9%. Reaction time,initial concentration of Ba~(2+) and SO_4~(2-) had little effect on the scaling rate of barium sulfate. 5—10 min was the best scaling time for barium sulfate in the fixed-point descaling device. The scaling rate of barium sulfate increased first and then decreased slightly with increasing temperature. The best scaling temperature was 50℃. When the mass concentration of Ba~(2+) was 742 mg/L and the molar ratio of Ba~(2+) to SO_4~(2-)was 1∶4,the scaling rate of barium sulfate could reach 99.99%.
引文
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[2]QUAN Zhenhua,CHEN Yongchang,WANG Xiurong,et al.Experimental study on scale inhibition performance of a green scale inhibitor polyaspartic acid[J].Sci China Chem,2008,51(7):695-699.
[3]WANG Huchuan,ZHOU Yuming,YAO Qingzhao,et al.Calcium sulfate precipitation studies with fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitor for cooling water systems[J].Polym Bull,2015,72(9):2171-2188.
[4]苏高申,罗跃,李凡,等.端羧基改性聚酰胺-胺的合成及其阻垢性能的研究——以长庆油田花子坪区块为例[J].油田化学,2017,34(2):350-355.
[5]姜秉辰.超声波原油管道除垢防垢技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016:16-17.
[6]陈先庆.超声波防垢技术在油田中的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(3):58-61.
[7]NISHIDA I.Precipitation of calcium carbonate by ultrasonic irradiation[J].Ultrason Sonochem,2004,11(6):423-428.
[8]DALAS E.The effect of ultrasonic field on calcium carbonate scale formation[J].J Cryst Growth,2001,222(1/2):287-292.
[9]周开学,卢贵武,黄乔松.磁防垢机理研究现状与进展[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(5):109-112.
[10]靳宝军,谢绍敏,张云芝,等.梁南管理区硫酸钡锶结垢和腐蚀的防治[J].油田化学,2007,24(4):337-339.
[11]胡菲菲,尹先清,付家新,等.钡锶定点结垢器的设计及应用[J].石油机械,2014,42(7):69-72.
[12]尹先清,范凤英,付家新,等.除垢设备和除垢系统:CN202898350U[P].2013-04-24.
[13]石东坡,尹先清,范风英,等.钡锶垢除垢影响因素研究[J].油田化学,2013,30(3):443-447.
[14]徐应波,王树祥,杨相伟.应用浅池理论与聚结技术改进油田污水处理系统[J].水处理技术,2010,36(10):115-118.
[15]马文杰,唐礼强,蒲彬.油田硫酸钡结垢机理及防垢技术研究进展[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(3):51-55.
[16]钱慧娟,朱明亮,罗忠贵,等.油田硫酸钡结垢过程影响因素研究[J].油气田地面工程,2017,36(8):89-92.