刘家峡水库表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征
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摘要
采用多元统计的方法对刘家峡水库表层沉积物中25种微量元素的含量、相关性、来源及控制因素进行了分析。结果显示:研究区表层沉积物中Sr、Zn、Zr和Ba的含量平均值超过了170μg/g,Cd、Mo和Tl的含量平均值都在1μg/g以下,其它元素含量平均值则在2. 01~104. 34μg/g。元素Cu、V、Co、Cr、Ni、Rb、Li、Cd、Be、Pb、Sc、As、Ga、Nb、Sn、Cs、Tl、Th和Al2O3等存在较为明显的相关性,且它们分布规律基本相似。因子分析表明,水库中微量元素分为3个主要来源,第一组分的元素分布受控于矿物岩石的自然风化剥蚀,其贡献率为63. 20%;第二组分的Zr和Ba主要受河流沉积物中元素的迁移和转化的影响,其贡献率为12. 51%;第三组分的Sr则主要受控于生物成因,其贡献率为9. 76%。另外,研究区重金属元素中,Zn和As含量远超过了全球页岩平均值,值得进一步的深入研究。
The concentration,correlation,spatial distribution,controlling factor and source of 25 trace elements in the surface sediments from the Liujiaxia Reservoir,Gansu are analyzed by using the multivariate statistical method.The mean contents of the elements Sr,Zn,Zr and Ba are higher than 170 μg/g,while the values of the elements Cd,Mo and Tl are lower than 1 μg/g in the surface sediments from the Liujiaxia Reservoir. The values of other analyzed elements lie within the range of 2. 01-104. 34 μg/g. Evident correlation and similar distribution exist among the elements Cu,V,Co,Cr,Ni,Rb,Li,Cd,Be,Pb,Sc,As,Ga,Nb,Sn,Cs,Tl,Th and Al2 O3.Factor analysis shows that the trace elements in the Liujiaxia Reservoir are divided into three main sources in the following. The distribution of the first component elements is controlled by the weathering and erosion of the natural minerals and rocks,and their contribution rate is 63. 20%. The Zr and Ba distribution of the second component elements are mainly affected by the migration and transformation of the elements in the fluvial sediments,and their contribution rate is 12. 51%. The Sr distribution of the third component elements is mainly controlled by the biogenic origin,and their contribution rate is 9. 76%. In addition,the contents of the elements Zn and As in the heavy metallic elements in the study area are much higher than the average values of the global shales,which is worth further study in the future.
The concentration,correlation,spatial distribution,controlling factor and source of 25 trace elements in the surface sediments from the Liujiaxia Reservoir,Gansu are analyzed by using the multivariate statistical method.The mean contents of the elements Sr,Zn,Zr and Ba are higher than 170 μg/g,while the values of the elements Cd,Mo and Tl are lower than 1 μg/g in the surface sediments from the Liujiaxia Reservoir. The values of other analyzed elements lie within the range of 2. 01-104. 34 μg/g. Evident correlation and similar distribution exist among the elements Cu,V,Co,Cr,Ni,Rb,Li,Cd,Be,Pb,Sc,As,Ga,Nb,Sn,Cs,Tl,Th and Al2 O3.Factor analysis shows that the trace elements in the Liujiaxia Reservoir are divided into three main sources in the following. The distribution of the first component elements is controlled by the weathering and erosion of the natural minerals and rocks,and their contribution rate is 63. 20%. The Zr and Ba distribution of the second component elements are mainly affected by the migration and transformation of the elements in the fluvial sediments,and their contribution rate is 12. 51%. The Sr distribution of the third component elements is mainly controlled by the biogenic origin,and their contribution rate is 9. 76%. In addition,the contents of the elements Zn and As in the heavy metallic elements in the study area are much higher than the average values of the global shales,which is worth further study in the future.
引文
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[21]张文彤. SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004. 218-220.
[22]杜臣昌,刘恩峰,羊向东,等.巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):59-66.
[23]郭家麟.刘家峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析[J].人民黄河,2011,33(1):20-21.
[24]杨守业,李从先.元素地球化学特征的多元统计方法研究─长江与黄河沉积物元素地球化学研究[J].矿物岩石,1999,(1):63-67.
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[27]蔡观强,邱燕,彭学超,等.南海西南海域表层沉积物中微量元素Ba的地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):560-569.
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[29]彭渤,唐晓燕,余昌训,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪[J].地质学报,2011,85(2):282-299.
[30] Sensarma S,Rajamani V,Tripathi J K. Petrography and geochemical characteristics of the sediments of the small River Hemavati,Southern India:Implications for provenance and weathering processes[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2008,205(3/4):111-125.
[31]鲍志诚,彭渤,徐婧喆,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物主元素组成对重金属污染的指示[J].地球化学,2012,41(6):545-558.
[32]何梦颖,郑洪波,黄湘通,等.长江流域沉积物黏土矿物组合特征及物源指示意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):544-551.
[33]韩桂荣,刘玉海.黄河口海区沉积物柱样中碳酸盐组分[J].海洋与湖沼,1993,24(5):456-466.
[34]赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[35]赵其渊,李家丰,丁红,等.黄河口沉积物微量元素的多元统计分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1985,(1):169
[36] Turekian K K,Wedepohl K H. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1961,72(2):175-192.
[2]余杨,王雨春,周怀东,等.三峡库区蓄水初期大宁河鱼类重金属污染特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1870-1876.
[3]杜臣昌,刘恩峰,羊向东,等.巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):59-66.
[4]林秋奇,韩博平.水库生态系统特征研究及其在水库水质管理中的应用[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):1034-1040.
[5]甘华阳,梁开,郑志昌.珠江口表层沉积物中微量元素地球化学[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,04:131-139.
[6]高冰,于秋颖,贾彦彬,等. 2009-2011年黄河包头段水中微量元素调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(4):347-349.
[7]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):19-26.
[8]刘明,范德江.长江、黄河入海沉积物中元素组成的对比[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(1):42-50.
[9]陈启林,李相博,汤桦.民和盆地侏罗系沉积演化特征及勘探潜力[J].甘肃地质学报,2005,14(1):65-70.
[10]李麒麟,颉贵琴,周玲琦,等.兰州-民和盆地河口群层序地层格架特征及盆地演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(4):73-78.
[11]叶留生.甘青间民和盆地的河口群[J].地层学杂志,1980,4(2):96-105.
[12]张海峰,林启祥,张智勇,等.兰州-民和盆地下白垩统河口群沉积序列及沉积相研究[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):21-26.
[13]陈军,柳永清,旷红伟,等.兰州-民和盆地下白垩统河口群沉积特征及盆地分析[J].地质通报,2013,32(2):488-501.
[14]蓝先洪,张志殉,李日辉,等.长江口外海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2011,25(6):1066-1076.
[15]朱伟,边博,阮爱东.镇江城市道路沉积物中重金属污染的来源分析[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1584-1589.
[16] Robertson D J,Taylor K G,Hoon S R. Geochemical and mineral magnetic characterisation of urban sediment particulates,Manchester,UK[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2003,18(2):269-282.
[17]林春野,何孟常,李艳霞,等.松花江沉积物金属元素含量、污染及地球化学特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(8):2123
[18] Hu B Q,Cui R Y,Li J,et al. Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua River Estuary and adjacent shelf(Hainan Island)[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76(1-2):400-405.
[19] Tripathi V S. Factor analysis in geochemical exploration[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1979,11(3):263-275.
[20] Gramowska H,Krzyzaniak I,Baralkiewicz D,et al. Environmental applications of ICP-MS for simultaneous determination of trace elements and statistical data analysis[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,160(1/2/3/4):479-490.
[21]张文彤. SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004. 218-220.
[22]杜臣昌,刘恩峰,羊向东,等.巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):59-66.
[23]郭家麟.刘家峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析[J].人民黄河,2011,33(1):20-21.
[24]杨守业,李从先.元素地球化学特征的多元统计方法研究─长江与黄河沉积物元素地球化学研究[J].矿物岩石,1999,(1):63-67.
[25]陈绍谋,梁美桃,吴必豪,等.南海表层沉积物的地球化学研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1998,(1):17-19.
[26]杨子赓.海洋地质学[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2004. 1-469.
[27]蔡观强,邱燕,彭学超,等.南海西南海域表层沉积物中微量元素Ba的地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):560-569.
[28]南京大学地质系.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1979. 1-514.
[29]彭渤,唐晓燕,余昌训,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪[J].地质学报,2011,85(2):282-299.
[30] Sensarma S,Rajamani V,Tripathi J K. Petrography and geochemical characteristics of the sediments of the small River Hemavati,Southern India:Implications for provenance and weathering processes[J]. Sedimentary Geology,2008,205(3/4):111-125.
[31]鲍志诚,彭渤,徐婧喆,等.湘江入湖河段沉积物主元素组成对重金属污染的指示[J].地球化学,2012,41(6):545-558.
[32]何梦颖,郑洪波,黄湘通,等.长江流域沉积物黏土矿物组合特征及物源指示意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):544-551.
[33]韩桂荣,刘玉海.黄河口海区沉积物柱样中碳酸盐组分[J].海洋与湖沼,1993,24(5):456-466.
[34]赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[35]赵其渊,李家丰,丁红,等.黄河口沉积物微量元素的多元统计分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1985,(1):169
[36] Turekian K K,Wedepohl K H. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1961,72(2):175-192.