冷却服相变蓄冷填充材料特性实验研究
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摘要
随着矿井开采深度的增加,热害已成为影响矿井安全生产的主要灾害之一,大面积的机械制冷降温能耗高且投资大。穿着冷却服是除机械降温手段外一种高温高湿环境下保证人体免受热害的一种有效个体的防护措施。冷却服中填充的相变蓄冷材料对冷却服的性能有着重要影响。实验研究了冷却服中填充的相变蓄冷材料的降温剂、防过冷剂、成核剂、基液的特性及凝胶形成的方法。结果表明:氯化钠(NaCl)可作为相变点在-2～-5℃时的降温剂,氯化钾(KCl)可作为相变点在-5～-10℃时的降温剂;质量浓度为0.5%的四硼酸钠(Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O)可降低NaC溶液的过冷,质量浓度为1.0%的Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O可降低KCl溶液的过冷;在柠檬酸的催化作用下,聚乙烯醇和戊二醛发生化学交联而形成的凝胶性能稳定、且具有较高的潜热;聚乙烯醇、戊二醛、柠檬酸浓度分别为7%、10%及2%的溶液以质量为20∶1.1∶1的比例配制的混合溶液可作为冷却服填充相变蓄冷材料的理想基液。
With the increase of mining depth,thermal damage has become one of the main disasters affecting the safety of mine production.Wearing a cooling suit is an effective individual protective measure to protect the human body from heat damage in high temperature and high humidity environment.The phase-change material filled in the cooling suit has an important influence on the performance of the cooling suit.In this paper,the cooling agent,anti-supercooling agent,nucleating agent,characteristic of base liquid and formation method of gel were studied experimentally.Results show that NaCl can be used as a phase change point in-2℃to-5℃cooling agent and KCl can be used as a phase change point in-5℃to-10℃;Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O with a mass concentration of 0.5%can reduce supercooling of NaCl solution,while Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O with a mass concentration of 1.0%can reduce supercooling of KCl solution.Under the catalysis of citric acid,the gel formed by chemical crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde are stable and have high latent heat.The mixed solutions of pva,glutaraldehyde and citric acid with the concentration of 7%,10% and 2%,with a mass of 20∶1.1∶1,can be used as the ideal base solution for the phase change cold storage material filled with the cooling suit.
With the increase of mining depth,thermal damage has become one of the main disasters affecting the safety of mine production.Wearing a cooling suit is an effective individual protective measure to protect the human body from heat damage in high temperature and high humidity environment.The phase-change material filled in the cooling suit has an important influence on the performance of the cooling suit.In this paper,the cooling agent,anti-supercooling agent,nucleating agent,characteristic of base liquid and formation method of gel were studied experimentally.Results show that NaCl can be used as a phase change point in-2℃to-5℃cooling agent and KCl can be used as a phase change point in-5℃to-10℃;Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O with a mass concentration of 0.5%can reduce supercooling of NaCl solution,while Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O with a mass concentration of 1.0%can reduce supercooling of KCl solution.Under the catalysis of citric acid,the gel formed by chemical crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde are stable and have high latent heat.The mixed solutions of pva,glutaraldehyde and citric acid with the concentration of 7%,10% and 2%,with a mass of 20∶1.1∶1,can be used as the ideal base solution for the phase change cold storage material filled with the cooling suit.
引文
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[20]吴李国,章悦庭,胡绍华.聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及应用进展[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(6):114-115.
[21]高斯.保温包装中蓄冷剂的研制[D].无锡:江南大学,2012:80-90.
[2]崔文广,邬堂春.深矿井热害对人体健康危害的研究进展[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2010,28(6):463-465.
[3]Chan A P,Song W,Yang Y.Meta-analysis of the effects of microclimate cooling systems on human performance under thermal stressful environments:potential applications to occupational workers[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2015,49/50(2):16-32.
[4]Song W,Wang F,Wei F.Hybrid cooling clothing to improve thermal comfort of office workers in a hot indoor environment[J].Building&Environment,2016,100:92-101.
[5]A Felix Regin,S C Solanki,J S Saini.An analysis of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage system using PCM capsules:Numerical investigation[J].Renewable Energy,2009,34:1765-1773.
[6]Seong Ok Han,Dong Won Lee,Oc Hee Han.Thermal degradation of cross-linked high density polyethylene[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,1999,63(2):237-243.
[7]J Kelly kissock,J Michael Hannig,Thomas I.Testing and Simulation of Phase Change Wallboard for Thermal Storage in Buildings[C]∥In Proce-edings of 1998 International Solar Energy Conference,1998:14-17.
[8]Takeshi Kondo,Tadahiko Ibamoto,Tsubota Yuuji.Research on the Storage of PCM Wallboard[C]∥Architechture Sssociation Papers,2001:23-29.
[9]宋力钊,刘圣春,饶志明.氯化钠冰浆系统的试验研究[J].流体机械,2013,4(10):65-68.
[10]韩增旺,唐世军,赖军.国内外冷却服的发展现状及关键技术[J].防护装备技术研究,2009(4):11-14.
[11]孙文娟,梁国治.矿工降温服蓄冷材料的实验研究[J].化学工程与装备,2010(4):36-39.
[12]Drost M K,Friedrich,M.Miniature heat pumps for portable and distributed space conditioning applications[C]∥Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,1997.
[13]宫秀敏.相变理论基础及应用[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2004:50-67.
[14]臧建彬,何淑静.低共熔冰过冷问题的研究[J].制冷,2002,21(1):1-5.
[15]黄艳,章学来.十二醇-癸酸-纳米粒子复合相变材料传热性能[J].化工学报,2016,67(6):2271-2276.
[16]Alimohammadi M,Aghli Y,Alvai E S,et al.Experimental investigation of the effects of using nano/phase change materials(NPCM)as coolant of electronic chipsets,under free and forced convection[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,111:271-279.
[17]Ghossein R M A,Hossain M S,Khodadadi J M.Experimental determination of temperature-dependent thermal cond uctivity of solid eicosane-based silver nanostructure-enhanced phase change materi als for thermal energy storage[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,107:697-711.
[18]徐笑锋,章学来,陈跃,等.不同球径的多孔球层内无机盐溶液过冷度的实验研究[J].化工学报,2018,69(5):1900-1905.
[19]Peppas,Naedward W.Merrill.Differential scanning calorimetry[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1976,20(6):1457-465.
[20]吴李国,章悦庭,胡绍华.聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及应用进展[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(6):114-115.
[21]高斯.保温包装中蓄冷剂的研制[D].无锡:江南大学,2012:80-90.