三峡库区EFDC模型集成与应用
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摘要
为满足三峡库区大尺度的水质预测需求,降低专业水质模型使用门槛,实现模型业务化运行,采用涵盖"模型封装-接口服务-系统集成"全过程的模型封装集成技术方法,开展了EFDC模型集成研究,并在三峡库区水质安全评估与预警系统中进行验证和应用.结果表明:(1)基于实例化模型建立的模型预置参数库,是模型业务化运行中参数简化的前提,可有效解决模型本地驯化及模型实例的基础数据复用问题;(2)依据参数识别结果,将模型参数识别为"必调参数、可调参数、默认参数"三类,并采用BS架构对输入文件、输出文件和主控文件中的不同参数进行分类封装,达到参数简化目的;(3)采用半紧密型方式建立的基于Web services的EFDC模型集成接口服务及标准,可为信息系统提供通用的EFDC模型计算服务;(4)该方法在EFDC模型与三峡库区水质安全评估与预警系统集成中得到验证,实现了全库区干流及主要支流CODCr、总磷、总氮等污染因子的长时间序列水动力水质预测联机在线运算,满足了用户在水质影响预测预警中低修改量、高运算效率和良好用户体验等需求,实现了模型的业务化运行.
In order to meet the needs of large-scale water quality prediction in the Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR) area,it is important to lower the threshold of professional water quality model and realize the business operation of the model. A model encapsulation integration technique,which covers the whole process of‘model encapsulation-interface service-system integration'was used to study the integration of EFDC model,and has been tested and applied in Water Quality Safety Assessment and Early Warning System for the TGR Area. The results showed that: 1) The preset parameter database based on the instantiation model were the precondition for reducing parameters to facilitate the business operation of the mode. Tt could solve the calibration problem for a certain area,and made it easy to reuse some essential data when necessary. 2) According to parameter identification results,the model parameters were firstly divided into three classes: namely the imperatively-adjusted-parameter,the adjustable-parameter and the default-parameter. Using BS architecture,the input files,output files and master files with classified parameters were also encapsulated to achieve parameter simplification. 3) The interface services and interface standard of model integration of Environmental Fluid Dynamics( EFDC),set up by Web services with halfcompact type,provided the united service of EFDC to information systems. 4) The method has been verified by Water Quality SafetyAssessment and Early Warning System for the TGR Area. The on-line calculation and water quality prediction with long time series for the pollutants of CODCr,total phosphorus,total nitrogen was realized in the main stream and some tributaries of the TGR. It meets the demand of low modification,high computing efficiency and good user experience in the water quality forecast and warning,and t realized the business operation of the model.
In order to meet the needs of large-scale water quality prediction in the Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR) area,it is important to lower the threshold of professional water quality model and realize the business operation of the model. A model encapsulation integration technique,which covers the whole process of‘model encapsulation-interface service-system integration'was used to study the integration of EFDC model,and has been tested and applied in Water Quality Safety Assessment and Early Warning System for the TGR Area. The results showed that: 1) The preset parameter database based on the instantiation model were the precondition for reducing parameters to facilitate the business operation of the mode. Tt could solve the calibration problem for a certain area,and made it easy to reuse some essential data when necessary. 2) According to parameter identification results,the model parameters were firstly divided into three classes: namely the imperatively-adjusted-parameter,the adjustable-parameter and the default-parameter. Using BS architecture,the input files,output files and master files with classified parameters were also encapsulated to achieve parameter simplification. 3) The interface services and interface standard of model integration of Environmental Fluid Dynamics( EFDC),set up by Web services with halfcompact type,provided the united service of EFDC to information systems. 4) The method has been verified by Water Quality SafetyAssessment and Early Warning System for the TGR Area. The on-line calculation and water quality prediction with long time series for the pollutants of CODCr,total phosphorus,total nitrogen was realized in the main stream and some tributaries of the TGR. It meets the demand of low modification,high computing efficiency and good user experience in the water quality forecast and warning,and t realized the business operation of the model.
引文
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[3]JONHNSON J H,VIERS J H,KOZLOWICZ B,et al.Geographic information system support for total maximum daily load analysis of the mattole river watershed,Humboldt County,California[EBOL].California:the University of California,2002[2002-02-01].https:escholarship.orgucitem3rf4k1t0.
[4]Tetra Technologies Inc.Lake Michigan shoreline TMDL for E.coil bacteria modeling framework report[R].Indianapolis:Water Resources and TMDL Center,2004:1-47.
[5]JAMES D G.Total maximum daily load(TMDL)development for fecal coliform in the Butler Creek watershed[R].Alabama:Cullman County,2003.
[6]US Army Engineer.CE-QUAL-R1:a numerical one-dimensional mo del of reservoir water quality:users manual[R].Vicksburg:Waterways Experiment Station,1995:1-427.
[7]李云生,刘伟江,吴悦颖,等.美国水质模型研究进展综述[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(2):68-73.LI Yunsheng,LIU Weijiang,WU Yueying,et al.A review of progress in research on water quality models in America[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2006,37(2):68-73.
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[9]康利荥,纪文娟,徐景阳.基于MIKE11与EFDC模型的突发性水污染事故预测模拟研究[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(2):29-33.KANG Liying,JI Wenjuan,XU Jingyang.Study on prediction and simulation of sudden water pollution accident based on MIKE11and EFDC models[J].Environmental Protection Science,2013,39(2):29-33.
[10]JOHN M H,WILLAM B M.Analysis of water temperatures in Conowingo Pond as influenced by the Peach Bottom atomic power plant thermal discharge[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2000,3:197-209.
[11]KYEONG P,ALBERT Y K,JIAN Shen,et al.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model(HEM-3D):description of water quality and sediment process submodels[R].Gloucester Point VA:The Library of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science,1995:1-102.
[12]HAMRICK J M.EFDC1D-A one dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for river and stream networks:model theory and users guide[R].Research Triangle Park,NC:National Exposure Research Laboratory,2001:1-94.
[13]ERIC P S,ASWANI V,SANDRA E S,et al.Analysis of oyster metrics in the Caloosahatchee Estuary,a report submitted to the South Florida water management district[R].Blacksburg VA:South Florida Water Management District,2011:1-76.
[14]LAWRENCE A B.Exposure analysis modeling system(EXAMS):user manual and system documentation[R].Athens,Georgia:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2000:1-107.
[15]JOHN M H.A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code:theoretical and computational aspects[R].Gloucester Point VA:the Library of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science,1992:1-63.
[16]王翠,孙英兰,张学庆.基于EFDC模型的胶州湾三维潮流数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(5):833-840.WANG Cui,SUN Yinglan,ZHANG Xueqing.Numerical simulation of 3D tidal currents based on the EFDC model in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(5):833-840.
[17]陈景秋,赵万星,季振刚.重庆两江汇流水动力模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2005,20(S1):829-835.CHEN Jingqiu,ZHAO Wanxing,JI Zhengang.The hydrodynamic numerical model of the confluence of Yangtze River and Jialing River in Chongqing[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(A),2005,20(S1):829-835.
[18]谢瑞,吴德安,严以新,等.EFDC模型在长江口及相邻海域三维水流模拟中的开发应用[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2010,25(2):165-174.XIE Rui,WU Dean,YAN Yixin,et al.Application and improvement of the EFDC in numerical simulating of Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(A),2010,25(2):165-174.
[19]KONG Qingrong,JIANG Chunbo,QIN Junjie,et al.Sediment transportation and bed morphology reshaping in Yellow River Delta[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(11):3382-3390.
[20]胡溪.珠江口磨刀门水道咸潮入侵数值模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.
[21]陶亚.基于EFDC模型的深圳湾水环境模拟与预测研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.
[22]LI Yiping,TANG Chunyan,WANG Chao,et al.Assessing and modeling impacts of different inter-basin water transfer routes on Lake Taihu and the Yangtze River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60(11):399-413.
[23]李一平,唐春燕,余钟波,等.大型浅水湖泊水动力模型不确定性和敏感性分析[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):271-277.LI Yiping,TANG Chunyan,YU Zhongbo,et al.Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of large shallow lake hydrodynamic models[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(2):271-277.
[24]陈异晖.基于EFDC模型的滇池水质模拟[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(4):28-30.CHEN Yihui.Water quality simulation of Dianchi Lake based on EFDC model[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,2005,24(4):28-30.
[25]甘衍军,李兰,武见,等.基于EFDC的二滩水库水温模拟及水温分层影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(4):476-485.GAN Yanjun,LI Lan,WU Jian,et al.Water temperature modeling and influences of water temperature stratification of ERTAN reservoir based on EFDC[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2013,22(4):476-485.
[26]贾海峰,程声通,杜文涛.GIS与地表水水质模型WASP5的集成[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001(8):125-128.JIA Haifeng,CHENG Shengtong,DU Wentao.Integration of GIS with the surface water quality model WASP5[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2001(8):125-128.
[27]江毓武,洪华生,张珞平.地理信息系统(GIS)在厦门海域水质模型中的应用[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(1):90-95.JIANG Yuwu,HONG Huasheng,ZHANG Luoping.The application of geographic information system(GIS)in the marine water quality numerical model[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),1999,38(1):90-95.
[28]马蔚纯,张超.基于GIS的水质数值模拟:以上海市苏州河为例[J].地理学报,2005,53(B12):67-75.MA Weichun,ZHANG Chao.Numerical simulation of water quality of Suzhou creek based on GIS:a case study of Suzhou River in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,53(B12):67-75.
[29]张行南,耿庆斋,逄勇.水质模型与地理信息系统的集成研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(1):90-94.ZHANG Xingnan,GENG Qingzhai,PANG Yong.Integration research of water quality model with GIS[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(1):90-94.
[30]贾鹏,王庆改,张帝,等.EFDC模型在水环境管理信息系统集成开发过程中的关键技术研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(7):131-134.JIA Peng,WANG Qinggai,ZHANG Di,et al.Research on key technlogy in development of EFDC model based on water environmental management information system[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(7):131-134.
[31]贾海峰,孔萌萌,郭羽,等.水环境决策支持系统框架下的密云水库水质模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(9):1383-1386.JIA Haifeng,KONG Mengmeng,GUO Yu,et al.Water quality models for the Miyun reservoir in the EDSS framework[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2010,50(9):1383-1386.
[32]刘荣华,魏加华,翁燕章,等.Hydro MP:基于云计算的水动力学建模及计算服务平台[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(5):575-583.LIU Ronghua,WEI Jiahua,WENG Yanzhang,et al.Hydro MP:a cloud computing based platform for hydraulic modeling and simulation service[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2014,54(5):575-583.
[33]李军,张明华.WASP富营养化水质模型在GIS中的完全集成研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(S1):93-98.LI Jun,ZHANG Minghua.Complete integration of GIS with eutrophication model of WASP[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2012(S1):93-98.
[34]湛青青.WASP水质模型和GIS空间分析在水污染监测中的集成应用[J].科技资讯,2015,34(12):12-14.ZHAN Qingqing.WASP water quality model and GIS spatial analysis integrated application in water pollution monitoring[J].Science&Technology Information,2015,34(12):12-14.
[2]TIM A W,STEVER R D,YURI M P,et al.The development of a hydrodynamic and water quality model to support TMDL determinations and water quality management of a stratified shallow estuary:mobile bay,Alabama[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2003(4):378-392.
[3]JONHNSON J H,VIERS J H,KOZLOWICZ B,et al.Geographic information system support for total maximum daily load analysis of the mattole river watershed,Humboldt County,California[EBOL].California:the University of California,2002[2002-02-01].https:escholarship.orgucitem3rf4k1t0.
[4]Tetra Technologies Inc.Lake Michigan shoreline TMDL for E.coil bacteria modeling framework report[R].Indianapolis:Water Resources and TMDL Center,2004:1-47.
[5]JAMES D G.Total maximum daily load(TMDL)development for fecal coliform in the Butler Creek watershed[R].Alabama:Cullman County,2003.
[6]US Army Engineer.CE-QUAL-R1:a numerical one-dimensional mo del of reservoir water quality:users manual[R].Vicksburg:Waterways Experiment Station,1995:1-427.
[7]李云生,刘伟江,吴悦颖,等.美国水质模型研究进展综述[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(2):68-73.LI Yunsheng,LIU Weijiang,WU Yueying,et al.A review of progress in research on water quality models in America[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2006,37(2):68-73.
[8]DHI Water&Environment.MIKE 11 a modeling system for rivers and channels user guide[R].Australia:DHI Water&Environment,2004.
[9]康利荥,纪文娟,徐景阳.基于MIKE11与EFDC模型的突发性水污染事故预测模拟研究[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(2):29-33.KANG Liying,JI Wenjuan,XU Jingyang.Study on prediction and simulation of sudden water pollution accident based on MIKE11and EFDC models[J].Environmental Protection Science,2013,39(2):29-33.
[10]JOHN M H,WILLAM B M.Analysis of water temperatures in Conowingo Pond as influenced by the Peach Bottom atomic power plant thermal discharge[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2000,3:197-209.
[11]KYEONG P,ALBERT Y K,JIAN Shen,et al.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model(HEM-3D):description of water quality and sediment process submodels[R].Gloucester Point VA:The Library of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science,1995:1-102.
[12]HAMRICK J M.EFDC1D-A one dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for river and stream networks:model theory and users guide[R].Research Triangle Park,NC:National Exposure Research Laboratory,2001:1-94.
[13]ERIC P S,ASWANI V,SANDRA E S,et al.Analysis of oyster metrics in the Caloosahatchee Estuary,a report submitted to the South Florida water management district[R].Blacksburg VA:South Florida Water Management District,2011:1-76.
[14]LAWRENCE A B.Exposure analysis modeling system(EXAMS):user manual and system documentation[R].Athens,Georgia:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2000:1-107.
[15]JOHN M H.A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code:theoretical and computational aspects[R].Gloucester Point VA:the Library of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science,1992:1-63.
[16]王翠,孙英兰,张学庆.基于EFDC模型的胶州湾三维潮流数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(5):833-840.WANG Cui,SUN Yinglan,ZHANG Xueqing.Numerical simulation of 3D tidal currents based on the EFDC model in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(5):833-840.
[17]陈景秋,赵万星,季振刚.重庆两江汇流水动力模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2005,20(S1):829-835.CHEN Jingqiu,ZHAO Wanxing,JI Zhengang.The hydrodynamic numerical model of the confluence of Yangtze River and Jialing River in Chongqing[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(A),2005,20(S1):829-835.
[18]谢瑞,吴德安,严以新,等.EFDC模型在长江口及相邻海域三维水流模拟中的开发应用[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2010,25(2):165-174.XIE Rui,WU Dean,YAN Yixin,et al.Application and improvement of the EFDC in numerical simulating of Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(A),2010,25(2):165-174.
[19]KONG Qingrong,JIANG Chunbo,QIN Junjie,et al.Sediment transportation and bed morphology reshaping in Yellow River Delta[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(11):3382-3390.
[20]胡溪.珠江口磨刀门水道咸潮入侵数值模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.
[21]陶亚.基于EFDC模型的深圳湾水环境模拟与预测研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.
[22]LI Yiping,TANG Chunyan,WANG Chao,et al.Assessing and modeling impacts of different inter-basin water transfer routes on Lake Taihu and the Yangtze River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60(11):399-413.
[23]李一平,唐春燕,余钟波,等.大型浅水湖泊水动力模型不确定性和敏感性分析[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):271-277.LI Yiping,TANG Chunyan,YU Zhongbo,et al.Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of large shallow lake hydrodynamic models[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(2):271-277.
[24]陈异晖.基于EFDC模型的滇池水质模拟[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(4):28-30.CHEN Yihui.Water quality simulation of Dianchi Lake based on EFDC model[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,2005,24(4):28-30.
[25]甘衍军,李兰,武见,等.基于EFDC的二滩水库水温模拟及水温分层影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(4):476-485.GAN Yanjun,LI Lan,WU Jian,et al.Water temperature modeling and influences of water temperature stratification of ERTAN reservoir based on EFDC[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2013,22(4):476-485.
[26]贾海峰,程声通,杜文涛.GIS与地表水水质模型WASP5的集成[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001(8):125-128.JIA Haifeng,CHENG Shengtong,DU Wentao.Integration of GIS with the surface water quality model WASP5[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2001(8):125-128.
[27]江毓武,洪华生,张珞平.地理信息系统(GIS)在厦门海域水质模型中的应用[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(1):90-95.JIANG Yuwu,HONG Huasheng,ZHANG Luoping.The application of geographic information system(GIS)in the marine water quality numerical model[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),1999,38(1):90-95.
[28]马蔚纯,张超.基于GIS的水质数值模拟:以上海市苏州河为例[J].地理学报,2005,53(B12):67-75.MA Weichun,ZHANG Chao.Numerical simulation of water quality of Suzhou creek based on GIS:a case study of Suzhou River in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,53(B12):67-75.
[29]张行南,耿庆斋,逄勇.水质模型与地理信息系统的集成研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(1):90-94.ZHANG Xingnan,GENG Qingzhai,PANG Yong.Integration research of water quality model with GIS[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(1):90-94.
[30]贾鹏,王庆改,张帝,等.EFDC模型在水环境管理信息系统集成开发过程中的关键技术研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(7):131-134.JIA Peng,WANG Qinggai,ZHANG Di,et al.Research on key technlogy in development of EFDC model based on water environmental management information system[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(7):131-134.
[31]贾海峰,孔萌萌,郭羽,等.水环境决策支持系统框架下的密云水库水质模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(9):1383-1386.JIA Haifeng,KONG Mengmeng,GUO Yu,et al.Water quality models for the Miyun reservoir in the EDSS framework[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2010,50(9):1383-1386.
[32]刘荣华,魏加华,翁燕章,等.Hydro MP:基于云计算的水动力学建模及计算服务平台[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(5):575-583.LIU Ronghua,WEI Jiahua,WENG Yanzhang,et al.Hydro MP:a cloud computing based platform for hydraulic modeling and simulation service[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2014,54(5):575-583.
[33]李军,张明华.WASP富营养化水质模型在GIS中的完全集成研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(S1):93-98.LI Jun,ZHANG Minghua.Complete integration of GIS with eutrophication model of WASP[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2012(S1):93-98.
[34]湛青青.WASP水质模型和GIS空间分析在水污染监测中的集成应用[J].科技资讯,2015,34(12):12-14.ZHAN Qingqing.WASP water quality model and GIS spatial analysis integrated application in water pollution monitoring[J].Science&Technology Information,2015,34(12):12-14.