可脱离式充填筛管用降解剂的研制及降解机制
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摘要
研制一种新型的油田防砂用可脱离式充填筛管,其技术关键是实现井下PLA-T管体的快速有效脱离。以PLA-T的降解程度和降解速率为评价指标优选出一种降解剂配方,并在模拟油藏条件下对降解剂进行耐温、耐盐、耐稀释等性能的评价。通过扫描电镜观察反应过程中PLA-T表面的微观变化,分析PLA-T的降解机制。结果表明:最优降解剂配方为w(丙酮)∶w(二甲基甲酰胺)∶w(乙二胺)=3∶2∶5;在温度为50~80℃、矿化度为10~100 g/L、稀释质量分数为70%~90%的模拟油藏条件下,PLA-T管体降解时间为6~92 min,表明该体系在复杂环境中具有优良的降解性能;在降解剂的作用下,PLA-T的表面结构形态从光滑表面逐步向裂纹、裂缝、不规则裂缝、裂缝-孔洞形态转变,导致PLA-T的降解速率先增大后减小;这种高效降解剂可以通过对PLA-T管体快速降解,实现井下充填筛管的有效脱离,达到疏松砂岩油气藏无筛管防砂的目的。
A novel detachable filling screen tube was developed for oilfield sand control. The key to this technology is to detach the PLA- T tube quickly and effectively downhole. In this study,an efficient degradation agent of PLA- T was proposed and its performance was evaluated under various oilfield conditions. Microscopic changes of the PLA- T surface structure were observed by SEM to analyze the degradation mechanism. The experimental results show that an optimized formula of the agent consists of w( acetone) ∶ w( DMF) ∶ w( ethylenediamine) = 3∶ 2∶ 5. Under simulated reservoir conditions with temperature of50- 80 ℃,salinity of 10- 100 g / L and diluted mass fraction of 70%- 90%,the degradation time of the PLA- T tube is 6-92 min,which indicates that the agent has a good degradation performance in rigorous environments. The SEM results reveal that the surface of the PLA- T can be gradually transformed from smooth to cracks,and then successively to crevices,irregular crevices and crevice- holes induced by the degradation agent,which leads to the degradation rate of the PLA- T increasing firstly and then decreasing. This degradation agent can dissolve the PLA- T tube downhole so that the filling screen tube can be quickly and effectively detached,therefore screenless sand control can be applied in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs.
A novel detachable filling screen tube was developed for oilfield sand control. The key to this technology is to detach the PLA- T tube quickly and effectively downhole. In this study,an efficient degradation agent of PLA- T was proposed and its performance was evaluated under various oilfield conditions. Microscopic changes of the PLA- T surface structure were observed by SEM to analyze the degradation mechanism. The experimental results show that an optimized formula of the agent consists of w( acetone) ∶ w( DMF) ∶ w( ethylenediamine) = 3∶ 2∶ 5. Under simulated reservoir conditions with temperature of50- 80 ℃,salinity of 10- 100 g / L and diluted mass fraction of 70%- 90%,the degradation time of the PLA- T tube is 6-92 min,which indicates that the agent has a good degradation performance in rigorous environments. The SEM results reveal that the surface of the PLA- T can be gradually transformed from smooth to cracks,and then successively to crevices,irregular crevices and crevice- holes induced by the degradation agent,which leads to the degradation rate of the PLA- T increasing firstly and then decreasing. This degradation agent can dissolve the PLA- T tube downhole so that the filling screen tube can be quickly and effectively detached,therefore screenless sand control can be applied in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs.
引文
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[14]徐晓强.改性剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能和降解行为研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.XU Xiaoqiang.Research on the performance and degradation behavior of modified sisal fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[15]ZOU Hantao,YI Changhai,WANG Luoxin,et al.Crystallization,hydrolytic degradation,and mechanical properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid)blends[J].Polym Bull,2010,64:471-481.
[16]张敏,崔春娜,宋洁.聚乳酸降解的影响因素和降解机理的分析[J].包装工程,2008,29(8):16-18.ZHANG Min,CUI Chunna,SONG Jie.Analysis of the factors influencing degradability and degradation mechanism of polylactic acid[J].Packaging Engineering,2008,29(8):16-18.
[17]TISSERAT B,FINKENSTADT V L.Degradation of poly(l-lactic acid)and bio-composites by alkaline medium under various temperatures[J].J Polym Environ,2011,19:766-775.
[18]PIEMONTE V,GIRONI F.Kinetics of hydrolytic degradation of PLA[J].J Polym Environ,2013,21:313-318.
[19]PARK K I,XANTHOS M.A study on the degradation of polylactic acid in the presence of phosphonium ionic liquids[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2009,94:834-844.
[2]何生厚,张琪.油气井防砂理论及其应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2003.
[3]邓金根,李萍,周建良,等.中国海上疏松砂岩适度出砂井防砂方式优选[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):676-679.DENG Jingen,LI Ping,ZHOU Jianliang,et al.Sand control optimization applied to moderately sanding wells in offshore loose sandstone reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):676-679.
[4]郑伟林.水平井可钻滤砂管的研制与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(3):94-97.ZHENG Weilin.Research and application of drilled filter sand tube in horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Drill&Production Process,2012,34(3):94-97.
[5]施进,李鹏,贾江鸿.筛网式滤砂管挡砂效果室内试验[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):104-108.SHI Jin,LI Peng,JIA Jianghong.Laboratory testing of sand control effect for mesh type screen[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):104-108.
[6]龚宁,戈旭博,张志涛.孤岛油田绕丝筛管充填防砂常见故障分析与处理[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(3):144-147.GONG Ning,GE Xubo,ZHANG Zhitao.Analysis and processing of wire wrapped screen gravel pack sand control common faults in Gudao[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(3):144-147.
[7]董长银,贾碧霞,刘春苗,等.机械防砂筛管挡砂介质堵塞机制及堵塞规律试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(5):82-88.DONG Changyin,JIA Bixia,LIU Chunmiao,et al.Blocking mechanism and blocking laws experiments of sandretention media in mechanical screens[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(5):82-88.
[8]TOELSIE S,GOERDAJAL P.Sand control in shallow unconsolidated sandstone oil reservoirs at Staatsolie N.V.Suriname[R].SPE 165188,2013.
[9]王亚洲,刘永红,徐静,等.一种可调式预充填砾石防砂管:ZL202731859U[P].2013-02-13.
[10]张晶.适合于套变井的新型化学防砂技术研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2007.ZHANG Jing.Research on new chemical sand control method adapting to casing deformation wells[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2007.
[11]刘帅,齐宁.一种可溶性环保滤砂管:ZL201520504177.5[P].2016-01-13.
[12]曹雪波,王远亮,潘君,等.马来酸酐改性聚乳酸的力学性能研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2002,18(1):115-118.CAO Xuebo,WANG Yuanliang,PAN Jun,et al.Research on mechanical properties of maleic anhydride modified polylactic acid[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2002,18(1):115-118.
[13]蔡艳华,颜世峰,尹静波,等.聚L-乳酸/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的降解性能研究[J].功能材料,2010,12(41):2213-2215.CAI Yanhua,YAN Shifeng,YIN Jingbo,et al.Research on degradation properties of poly L-Lactic acid/nano silicon dioxide composites[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2010,12(41):2213-2215.
[14]徐晓强.改性剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能和降解行为研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.XU Xiaoqiang.Research on the performance and degradation behavior of modified sisal fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[15]ZOU Hantao,YI Changhai,WANG Luoxin,et al.Crystallization,hydrolytic degradation,and mechanical properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid)blends[J].Polym Bull,2010,64:471-481.
[16]张敏,崔春娜,宋洁.聚乳酸降解的影响因素和降解机理的分析[J].包装工程,2008,29(8):16-18.ZHANG Min,CUI Chunna,SONG Jie.Analysis of the factors influencing degradability and degradation mechanism of polylactic acid[J].Packaging Engineering,2008,29(8):16-18.
[17]TISSERAT B,FINKENSTADT V L.Degradation of poly(l-lactic acid)and bio-composites by alkaline medium under various temperatures[J].J Polym Environ,2011,19:766-775.
[18]PIEMONTE V,GIRONI F.Kinetics of hydrolytic degradation of PLA[J].J Polym Environ,2013,21:313-318.
[19]PARK K I,XANTHOS M.A study on the degradation of polylactic acid in the presence of phosphonium ionic liquids[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2009,94:834-844.