基于混凝土环境的氯离子选择性电极的性能研究
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摘要
采用阳极氧化法电镀纯银制作Ag/AgCl氯离子选择性电极。在不同pH值的混凝土模拟液中,测试电极电位对氯离子浓度的响应关系,以及硫酸根、温度对电极电位的影响,和90 d内电极电位的波动,并结合微观SEM和EDS来观察电极的长期稳定性。结果表明:Ag/AgCl电极的电位具有良好的氯离子响应特性,pH值为13.5的模拟液中测量的氯离子临界浓度为10~(-3) mol/L,其他pH的模拟液中临界浓度为10~(-4) mol/L;高碱下Cl~-与OH~-比的阀值在有效区域内。pH值以及硫酸根对电极电位影响甚微。此外,电位与温度成线性关系。含氯或低碱无氯溶液中AgCl镀层能长期稳定存在;高碱无氯溶液中AgCl镀层转化为Ag_2O,其中Ag_2O的电位对pH敏感。
Ag/AgCl chloride ion selective electrodeis produced by plating puresilver usinganodic oxidation.The response of electrode potential to chloride concentration was tested in simulating concrete pore solutions with different pH values.The influences of sulfate ion and temperature on the electrode potentialwere also studied.The fluctuation of electrode potential was tested in 90 d,and microscopic SEM and EDS were used to see the long-term stability of the electrode.Results revealed that:Ag/AgCl electrodepotential has a good responsetochloride concentration.The critical concentration ofmeasuringchloride ions is 10~(-3)mol/L at simulating concrete pore solutions with pH of 13.5.The critical concentration is 10~(-4)mol/L at lower values.The pH and sulfate have a littleinfluence on electrode potential.In addition,there is alinear relationship between the potential and the temperature.Ag/AgCl electrode′ ssurface coating can be stable inchlorideor low-alkali chlorine-free solutionin a long time.Some of the AgClcoating has changed into Ag_2O in high alkali chlorine-free solution,andthe potential of Ag_2O electrode is sensitive to pH.
Ag/AgCl chloride ion selective electrodeis produced by plating puresilver usinganodic oxidation.The response of electrode potential to chloride concentration was tested in simulating concrete pore solutions with different pH values.The influences of sulfate ion and temperature on the electrode potentialwere also studied.The fluctuation of electrode potential was tested in 90 d,and microscopic SEM and EDS were used to see the long-term stability of the electrode.Results revealed that:Ag/AgCl electrodepotential has a good responsetochloride concentration.The critical concentration ofmeasuringchloride ions is 10~(-3)mol/L at simulating concrete pore solutions with pH of 13.5.The critical concentration is 10~(-4)mol/L at lower values.The pH and sulfate have a littleinfluence on electrode potential.In addition,there is alinear relationship between the potential and the temperature.Ag/AgCl electrode′ ssurface coating can be stable inchlorideor low-alkali chlorine-free solutionin a long time.Some of the AgClcoating has changed into Ag_2O in high alkali chlorine-free solution,andthe potential of Ag_2O electrode is sensitive to pH.
引文
[1]蒋林华.混凝土材料学[M].河海大学出版社,2006.
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[14]许明姣.Ag/AgCl电极测量水泥浆体中氯离子扩散系数[J].混凝土,2012(11):36-39.
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[17]李长成,张立明.35%荷载、干湿循环对混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响[J].混凝土,2014(12):53-55.
[18]ATKINS C P,CARTER M A,SCANTLEBURY J D.Sources of error in using silver/silver chloride electrodes to monitor chloride activity in concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(8):1207-1211.
[19]DUFF譫G S,FARINA S B,GIORDANO C M.Characterization of solid embeddable reference electrodes for corrosion monitoring in reinforced concrete structures[J].Electrochimica Acta,2009,54(3):1010-1020.
[20]管志超,徐锋,王曙光,等.硫酸盐对氯离子在地下结构混凝土中传输过程的影响[J].混凝土,2014(11):34-37.
[21]殷惠光,张连英,李雁,等.氯盐侵蚀后含掺合料混凝土微观形貌特征试验研究[J].混凝土,2014(8):27-29.
[22]JIN M,XU J,JIANG L,et al.Investigation on the performance characteristics of chloride selective electrode in concrete[J].Ionics.2015.
[23]ANGST U,ELSENER B,LARSEN C K,et al.Potentiometric determination of the chloride ion activity in cement based materials[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,2010,40(3):561-573.
[2]孙凌云,王磊.混凝土中氯离子含量的三种检测方法[J].中国新技术新产品,2009(4):3.
[3]熊传胜,蒋林华,王维春,等.混凝土中钢筋腐蚀实时监测研究现状及展望[J].材料导报,2012(11):101-104.
[4]卫云鸽,曹全喜,雷梦碧,等.全固体Ag/AgCl电极的制备工艺研究[J].功能材料,2010(S3):441-444.
[5]黄芳丽,曹全喜,卫云鸽,等.Ag/AgCl电极的制备及电化学性能[J].电子科技,2010(6):29-31.
[6]张清,李萍,白真权.Ag/AgCl高温参比电极的制备[J].应用科技,2005(6):62-63.
[7]何霖,许立坤,王均涛,等.热浸涂银/氯化银参比电极性能研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2009,21(5):482-485.
[8]王金龙,王佳,贾红刚,等.Ag/AgCl固体参比电极研究与应用的现状与进展[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2013(2):81-89.
[9]田斌,胡明,李春福,等.高温高压水溶液用Ag/AgCl参比电极研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2003,23(6):370-374.
[10]燕张,宋玉苏,王源升.电解型Ag/AgCl参比探头的制备及性能!!研!究[!J].材!料!保!护!,20!07,!40(!11!).!!!!!!!!!!!
[11]尹鹏飞,陈学政,张伟.高纯锌和Ag/AgCl参比电极性能对比研究[Z].第六届全国腐蚀大会.银川:20111026-1029.
[12]山德生,郭丽生,杨凤宁.电镀法再生Ag-AgCl内参比电极[J].陕西医学检验,1993(2):125-127.
[13]赵炜璇,巴恒静.Ag/AgCl氯离子传感器在混凝土中的应用[J].功能材料,2010(S2):371-374.
[14]许明姣.Ag/AgCl电极测量水泥浆体中氯离子扩散系数[J].混凝土,2012(11):36-39.
[15]JIN M,XU J,JIANG L,et al.Electrochemical characterization of a solid embeddable Ag/AgCl reference electrode for corrosion monitoring in reinforced concrete[J].Electrochemistry,2014,82(12):1040-1046.
[16]ROMANO P,BRITO P S D,RODRIGUES L.Monitoring of the degradation of concrete structures in environments containing chloride ions[J].Construction and Building Materials,2013(47):827-832.
[17]李长成,张立明.35%荷载、干湿循环对混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响[J].混凝土,2014(12):53-55.
[18]ATKINS C P,CARTER M A,SCANTLEBURY J D.Sources of error in using silver/silver chloride electrodes to monitor chloride activity in concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(8):1207-1211.
[19]DUFF譫G S,FARINA S B,GIORDANO C M.Characterization of solid embeddable reference electrodes for corrosion monitoring in reinforced concrete structures[J].Electrochimica Acta,2009,54(3):1010-1020.
[20]管志超,徐锋,王曙光,等.硫酸盐对氯离子在地下结构混凝土中传输过程的影响[J].混凝土,2014(11):34-37.
[21]殷惠光,张连英,李雁,等.氯盐侵蚀后含掺合料混凝土微观形貌特征试验研究[J].混凝土,2014(8):27-29.
[22]JIN M,XU J,JIANG L,et al.Investigation on the performance characteristics of chloride selective electrode in concrete[J].Ionics.2015.
[23]ANGST U,ELSENER B,LARSEN C K,et al.Potentiometric determination of the chloride ion activity in cement based materials[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,2010,40(3):561-573.