顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器的数值模拟
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摘要
综合考虑液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系以及平台-张紧器-立管之间的运动耦合关系,建立带液压气动式张紧器的顶张式立管有限元分析模型。为了更加符合工程实际,该模型中考虑了立管的真实截面布置以及采油树的作用。对4种张紧器模型,即恒定集中力模型、传统的简化模型、线性弹簧-阻尼模型以及非线性弹簧-阻尼模型进行对比分析。结果表明:恒定集中力模型不能反映立管张力的变化规律,而且立管响应也存在较大差别,故不宜采用;传统的简化模型过高评估了张紧器的张力水平,有可能导致不准确的立管响应评估结果;线性弹簧-阻尼模型可用于环境条件较温和的情况;该研究建立的非线性弹簧-阻尼模型最能反映张紧器的刚度特性,且在极端载荷环境下尤为适用。
The finite element analysis model of a top tensioned riser with hydro-pneumatic tensioner was established, considering the nonlinear stiffness and the kinematic relationship in the platform-tensioner-riser system. To establish a more applicable model, the actual riser string configuration and the effect of the Christmas tree were also considered. Subsequently, four kinds of tensioner models, i.e. a constant vertical tension model, a conventional simplified model, a linear spring-damper model and the proposed nonlinear spring-damper model, were comparatively studied. The results show that the constant vertical tension model is not recommended as it cannot reflect the actual tension in the tensioner and the response of the TTR. The conventional simplified model indeed overestimates the tension of tensioner and may lead to inaccurate estimation results of the TTR responses. The linear model is applicable when the environmental condition is relatively mild. It is strongly recommended to use the nonlinear model especially in harsher environmental conditions.
The finite element analysis model of a top tensioned riser with hydro-pneumatic tensioner was established, considering the nonlinear stiffness and the kinematic relationship in the platform-tensioner-riser system. To establish a more applicable model, the actual riser string configuration and the effect of the Christmas tree were also considered. Subsequently, four kinds of tensioner models, i.e. a constant vertical tension model, a conventional simplified model, a linear spring-damper model and the proposed nonlinear spring-damper model, were comparatively studied. The results show that the constant vertical tension model is not recommended as it cannot reflect the actual tension in the tensioner and the response of the TTR. The conventional simplified model indeed overestimates the tension of tensioner and may lead to inaccurate estimation results of the TTR responses. The linear model is applicable when the environmental condition is relatively mild. It is strongly recommended to use the nonlinear model especially in harsher environmental conditions.
引文
[ 1 ] LI Xiaomin,GUO Haiyan,MENG Fanshun.Stress analysis of top tensioned riser under random waves and vessel motions[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2010,9(3):251-256.
[ 2 ] CHANG Yuanjiang,CHEN Guoming,SUN Youyi,et al.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of deepwater drilling risers subjected to random loads[J].China Ocean Engineering,2008,22(4):683-691.
[ 3 ] ZHANG Qi,YANG Hongbiao,HUANG Yi,et al.Effect of several key parameters on the dynamic analysis of TTR[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2012,16(3):296-306.
[ 4 ] MAO Liangjie,LIU Qingyou,ZHOU Shouwei,et al.Deep water drilling riser mechanical behavior analysis considering actual riser string configuration[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,33:240-254.
[ 5 ] 曲雪,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.深海顶张式立管顺流涡激振动响应预报方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(15):32-36.QU Xue,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.In-line VIV analysis of deep-water top tensioned riser[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(15):32-36.
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[ 7 ] 袁昱超,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.计及附加质量系数变化效应的立管涡激振动时域响应研究[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(1):53-59.YUAN Yuchao,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.Time domain vortex-induced vibration responses of a riser in consideration of the variation effect of added mass coefficient[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(1):53-59.
[ 8 ] KUIPER G L,BRUGMANS J,METRIKINE A V.Destabilization of deep-water risers by a heaving platform[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,310(3):541-557.
[ 9 ] 杨和振,李华军.参数激励下深海立管动力特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(9):65-69.YANG Hezhen,LI Huajun.Vibration analysis of deep-sea risers under parametric excitations[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,28(9):65-69.
[10] 张杰,唐友刚,黄磊,等.参数激励下深海立管多模态耦合振动特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(19):51-56.ZHANG Jie,TANG Yougang,HUANG Lei,et al.Multi-mode coupled vibration behavior of a deep-water riser under parametric excitations[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(19):51-56.
[11] 唐友刚,潘悦然,张杰,等.深海立管参激-涡激联合振动试验[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2016,49(1):58-64.TANG Yougang,PAN Yueran,ZHANG Jie,et al.Experiment on vortex induced vibration of deep sea risers considering parametric excitations[J].Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology),2016,49(1):58-64.
[12] YU A,CHENG Y,BHAT S.Evaluation of key hydraulic tensioner performance parameters for ultra deep water applications[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Estoril:OMAE,2008.
[13] YANG C K,KIM M H.Linear and nonlinear approach of hydropneumatic tensioner modeling for spar global per-formance[J].Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2010,132(1):1-9.
[14] 王坤鹏,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.全耦合深海平台系统中液压张紧器的数值模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(10):1652-1657.WANG Kunpeng,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.Numer-ical simulation of hydropneumatic tensioner for coupled deepwater platform system[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012,46(10):1652-1657.
[15] 周灿丰,焦向东,曹静,等.顶端张紧立管系统张紧装置选型设计研究[J].船舶工程,2011,33(增刊2):178-181.ZHOU Canfeng,JIAO Xiangdong,CAO Jing,et al.Study on selection and design of top tension risers tensioning device[J].Ship Engineering,2011,33(Sup 2):178-181.
[16] PESTANA R G,ROVERI F E,FRANCISS R,et al.Marine riser emergency disconnection analysis using scalar elements for tensioner modelling[J].Applied Ocean Research,2016,59:83-92.
[17] BAI Yong,BAI Qiang.Subsea pipelines and risers[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Ltd.,2005.
[ 2 ] CHANG Yuanjiang,CHEN Guoming,SUN Youyi,et al.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of deepwater drilling risers subjected to random loads[J].China Ocean Engineering,2008,22(4):683-691.
[ 3 ] ZHANG Qi,YANG Hongbiao,HUANG Yi,et al.Effect of several key parameters on the dynamic analysis of TTR[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2012,16(3):296-306.
[ 4 ] MAO Liangjie,LIU Qingyou,ZHOU Shouwei,et al.Deep water drilling riser mechanical behavior analysis considering actual riser string configuration[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,33:240-254.
[ 5 ] 曲雪,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.深海顶张式立管顺流涡激振动响应预报方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(15):32-36.QU Xue,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.In-line VIV analysis of deep-water top tensioned riser[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(15):32-36.
[ 6 ] 高云,任铁,付世晓,等.柔性立管涡激振动响应特性试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(17):6-11.GAO Yun,REN Tie,FU Shixiao,et al.Tests for response characteristics of VIV of a flexible riser[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(17):6-11.
[ 7 ] 袁昱超,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.计及附加质量系数变化效应的立管涡激振动时域响应研究[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(1):53-59.YUAN Yuchao,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.Time domain vortex-induced vibration responses of a riser in consideration of the variation effect of added mass coefficient[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(1):53-59.
[ 8 ] KUIPER G L,BRUGMANS J,METRIKINE A V.Destabilization of deep-water risers by a heaving platform[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,310(3):541-557.
[ 9 ] 杨和振,李华军.参数激励下深海立管动力特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(9):65-69.YANG Hezhen,LI Huajun.Vibration analysis of deep-sea risers under parametric excitations[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,28(9):65-69.
[10] 张杰,唐友刚,黄磊,等.参数激励下深海立管多模态耦合振动特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(19):51-56.ZHANG Jie,TANG Yougang,HUANG Lei,et al.Multi-mode coupled vibration behavior of a deep-water riser under parametric excitations[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(19):51-56.
[11] 唐友刚,潘悦然,张杰,等.深海立管参激-涡激联合振动试验[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2016,49(1):58-64.TANG Yougang,PAN Yueran,ZHANG Jie,et al.Experiment on vortex induced vibration of deep sea risers considering parametric excitations[J].Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology),2016,49(1):58-64.
[12] YU A,CHENG Y,BHAT S.Evaluation of key hydraulic tensioner performance parameters for ultra deep water applications[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Estoril:OMAE,2008.
[13] YANG C K,KIM M H.Linear and nonlinear approach of hydropneumatic tensioner modeling for spar global per-formance[J].Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2010,132(1):1-9.
[14] 王坤鹏,薛鸿祥,唐文勇.全耦合深海平台系统中液压张紧器的数值模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(10):1652-1657.WANG Kunpeng,XUE Hongxiang,TANG Wenyong.Numer-ical simulation of hydropneumatic tensioner for coupled deepwater platform system[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012,46(10):1652-1657.
[15] 周灿丰,焦向东,曹静,等.顶端张紧立管系统张紧装置选型设计研究[J].船舶工程,2011,33(增刊2):178-181.ZHOU Canfeng,JIAO Xiangdong,CAO Jing,et al.Study on selection and design of top tension risers tensioning device[J].Ship Engineering,2011,33(Sup 2):178-181.
[16] PESTANA R G,ROVERI F E,FRANCISS R,et al.Marine riser emergency disconnection analysis using scalar elements for tensioner modelling[J].Applied Ocean Research,2016,59:83-92.
[17] BAI Yong,BAI Qiang.Subsea pipelines and risers[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Ltd.,2005.