基于ADAMS的半悬挂式农业机组静侧翻稳定性
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摘要
针对目前半悬挂式农业机组侧翻稳定性研究的不足,提出了一种新的表征机组静侧翻稳定性的有效方法。以横向载荷转移率(LTR)作为机组的侧翻指标,建立了半悬挂式农业机组的侧翻数学模型并进行了准静态侧翻仿真试验。通过ADAMS动力学建模,得到仿真结果与数学模型高度一致,验证了理论模型的正确性。讨论了半悬挂式农业机组各参数对机组静侧翻稳定性的影响并对影响因素进行了敏感度分析。拖拉机和半悬挂式机具的LTR均与其重心高度、轮距、自身质量、轴距、重心到牵引点的距离及牵引点高度等相关。对侧翻指标各影响因素的敏感度分析表明:拖拉机和半悬挂式机具的重心高度和轮距均为影响其侧翻稳定性的重要因素;若要提高半悬挂式机具的侧翻稳定性,除增大轮距和降低重心高度外,还可采用降低牵引点高度及增大重心到牵引点距离的方法。本研究为半悬挂式农业机组的优化设计提供了理论参考。
To overcome the current deficiency in studying the Rollover Stability(RS)of Semi-mounted Agricultural Machine Unit(SMAMU,including a tractor and semi-mounted machine),a new method to characterize the RS of SMAMU is proposed.The Lateral Load Transfer Ratio(LLTR)is chosen as the evaluation indicator of RS,the rollover mathematical model is established and quasi static simulation is carried out.Through ADAMS dynamic modeling,the simulation results are in good agreement with the mathematical model,which verifies the correctness of the theoretical model.The effects of the parameters of SMAMU on the RS are discussed and the sensitivity of the influencing factors is analyzed.The LLTR is correlated to the height of center of gravity,the wheel-base of thetractor,the weight of the SMAMU,the wheel-center-distance,the distance from the center of gravity to the tow point and the height of tow point.The results show that the height of the center of gravity and the wheel-base of both the tractor and the semi-mounted machine are the important factors affecting the RS.Besides reducing the height of center of gravity or increasing the wheel-base,reducing the height of the tow point or increasing the distance from the center of gravity to the tow point can also improve RS.This work may provide reference for the optimal design of SMAMU.
To overcome the current deficiency in studying the Rollover Stability(RS)of Semi-mounted Agricultural Machine Unit(SMAMU,including a tractor and semi-mounted machine),a new method to characterize the RS of SMAMU is proposed.The Lateral Load Transfer Ratio(LLTR)is chosen as the evaluation indicator of RS,the rollover mathematical model is established and quasi static simulation is carried out.Through ADAMS dynamic modeling,the simulation results are in good agreement with the mathematical model,which verifies the correctness of the theoretical model.The effects of the parameters of SMAMU on the RS are discussed and the sensitivity of the influencing factors is analyzed.The LLTR is correlated to the height of center of gravity,the wheel-base of thetractor,the weight of the SMAMU,the wheel-center-distance,the distance from the center of gravity to the tow point and the height of tow point.The results show that the height of the center of gravity and the wheel-base of both the tractor and the semi-mounted machine are the important factors affecting the RS.Besides reducing the height of center of gravity or increasing the wheel-base,reducing the height of the tow point or increasing the distance from the center of gravity to the tow point can also improve RS.This work may provide reference for the optimal design of SMAMU.
引文
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[15]云善良,张士新.基于虚拟样机技术的玉米收获机拨禾轮运动仿真分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010(8):13-15.Yun Shan-liang,Zhang Shi-xin.Simulation analysis for finger rotor of corn harvester based on virtual prototyping technology[J].Gricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering,2010(8):13-15.
[16]马丽娜,杜岳峰,宋正河,等.玉米收获机准静态横向稳定性数学建模与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):89-95.Ma Li-na,Du Yue-feng,Song Zheng-he,et al.Mathematical modeling and experiment of corn harvester quasi-static lateral stability[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):89-95.
[17]金智林,翁建生,胡海岩.汽车侧翻及稳定性分析[J].机械科学与技术,2007,26(3):355-358.Jin Zhi-lin,Weng Jian-sheng,Hu Hai-yan.Analysis of vehicle’s rollover stability[J].Mechanical Science and Technology,2007,26(3):355-358.
[18]麦莉,宗长富,高越,等.重型半挂车侧倾稳定性仿真与分析[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2008,38(增刊2):5-10.Mai Li,Zong Chang-fu,Gao Yue,et al.Simulation and analysis of roll stability for heavy tractor semitrailers[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2008,38(Sup.2):5-10.
[2]曲俊娜.铰接式工程车辆动态侧翻稳定性研究[D].长春:吉林大学机械科学与工程学院,2013.Qu Jun-na.Research on the dynamic rollover stability of articulated engineering vehicle[D].Changchun:College of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Jilin University,2013.
[3]Reynolds S J,Groves W.Effectiveness of roll-over protective structures in reducing farm tractor fatalities[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2000,18(4):63-69.
[4]Thelin A.Rollover fatalities:Nordic perspectives[J].Journal of Agriculture Safety and Health,1998(4):157-160.
[5]李天成.拖拉机侧翻试验的重要性及注意事项[J].四川农业与农机,2013(5):32-33.Li Tian-cheng.The importance and precautions of tractor rollover test[J].Sichuan Agriculture and Agricultural Machinery,2013(5):32-33.
[6]金智林,张鸿生,马翠贞.基于动态稳定性的汽车侧翻预警[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(14):128-133.Jin Zhi-lin,Zhang Hong-sheng,Ma Cui-zhen.Vehicle rollover warning based on dynamic stability[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(14):128-133.
[7]吴新烨,葛晓宏,罗树友,等.汽车侧翻稳定性研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2010,49(6):815-818.Wu Xin-ye,Ge Xiao-hong,Luo Shu-you,et al.Study on stability of rollover of vehicle[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2010,49(6):815-818.
[8]Eger Ralf,Kiencke Uwe.Modeling of rollover sequences[J].Control Engineering Practice,2003,11(2):209-216.
[9]Gaspar P,Szaszi I,Bokor J.Reconfigurable control structure to prevent the rollover of heavy vehicles[J].Control Engineering Practice,2005,13(6):699-711.
[10]姚宗伟.铰接转向工程车辆侧倾稳定性研究[D].长春:吉林大学机械科学与工程学院,2013.Yao Zong-wei.Study on the rollover stability of articulated steer engineering vehicle[D].Changchun:College of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Jilin University,2013.
[11]田晋跃,贾会星.铰接车辆侧倾过程动态仿真[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(7):26-29.Tian Jin-yue,Jia Hui-xing.Dynamic simulation of the overturning of articulated vehicles[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(7):26-29.
[12]Prem H,Mai L,Brusza L.Tilt testing of two heavy vehicles and related performance issues[C]∥The9th International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Weights and Dimensions,Mechanical System Dynamics Pty Ltd,Pennsylvania,USA,2006.
[13]肖杰,雷雨成,张平,等.汽车静态最大侧倾稳定角及其影响因素敏感度分析[J].中国制造业信息化,2006,35(11):64-67.Xiao Jie,Lei Yu-cheng,Zhang Ping,et al.Analysis of the maximum static stable roll angle of the vehicle and the sensitivity of the main influence factor[J].Manufacture Information Engineering of China,2006,35(11):64-67.
[14]倪菲菲,张良平.汽车准静态侧翻的仿真分析[J].重庆理工大学学报:自然科学,2013,27(3):12-15.Ni Fei-fei,Zhang Liang-ping.Quasi static steering vehicle rollover simulation analysis[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science),2013,27(3):12-15.
[15]云善良,张士新.基于虚拟样机技术的玉米收获机拨禾轮运动仿真分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010(8):13-15.Yun Shan-liang,Zhang Shi-xin.Simulation analysis for finger rotor of corn harvester based on virtual prototyping technology[J].Gricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering,2010(8):13-15.
[16]马丽娜,杜岳峰,宋正河,等.玉米收获机准静态横向稳定性数学建模与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):89-95.Ma Li-na,Du Yue-feng,Song Zheng-he,et al.Mathematical modeling and experiment of corn harvester quasi-static lateral stability[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):89-95.
[17]金智林,翁建生,胡海岩.汽车侧翻及稳定性分析[J].机械科学与技术,2007,26(3):355-358.Jin Zhi-lin,Weng Jian-sheng,Hu Hai-yan.Analysis of vehicle’s rollover stability[J].Mechanical Science and Technology,2007,26(3):355-358.
[18]麦莉,宗长富,高越,等.重型半挂车侧倾稳定性仿真与分析[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2008,38(增刊2):5-10.Mai Li,Zong Chang-fu,Gao Yue,et al.Simulation and analysis of roll stability for heavy tractor semitrailers[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2008,38(Sup.2):5-10.