高校辅导员心理健康变迁的横断历史研究
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摘要
目的:研究2004~2015年的12年间高校辅导员心理健康的变化趋势。方法:检索中国知网、维普资讯、万方的中文数据库,选取以症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量高校辅导员心理健康的相关文献,对数据进行整理编码后采用横断历史研究(Cross-temporal meta-analysis)方法探析高校辅导员的心理健康随年代变化的趋势。结果:共纳入25篇文献,总样本量5835人。控制样本量加权后,辅导员SCL-90各因子与年代之间呈显著负相关(p<0.01),年代可以解释辅导员心理健康9个因子2%至15%的变异;12年来9个因子均值分别下降了4%至10%,其中精神病性、偏执、人际敏感因子变化较为明显。结论:2004~2015年,高校辅导员心理健康整体水平逐步提高;辅导员在"精神病性"因子上变化最大,而在"躯体化"和"强迫"因子上变化最小;辅导员的9个心理健康因子中,"强迫症状"因子上所表现的心理问题相对最为严重,而在"恐怖症状"因子上问题相对最轻。
Objective: To investigate the changes in Chinese university counselors' mental health from 2004 through 2015. Methods: We collected the literature investigating Chinese university counselors' mental health by Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90) through the database of CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and used the cross-temporal meta-analysis to examine the changes of counselors' scores on the SCL-90 in the past 12 years(2004-2015). Results: Twenty-five published studies of the mental health of counselors(N=5835) were included. After weighting by sample size, correlations between year of data collection and counselors' SCL-90 scores were obvious negative(p<0.01), and the year could explain 2%~15% of the total variation of counselors' mental health. The counselors' nine factorial mean scores have decreased 4%~10% from 2004 to 2015, with mean scores of Psychoticism, Paranoid Ideation and Interpersonal Sensitivity decreasing more significantly. Conclusion: Chinese University counselors' mental health has been improving gradually from 2004 through 2015. During the 12 years, the factor Interpersonal Sensitivity of SCL-90 of counselors changed most significantly, and the least significantly changed factor was Somatization and Obsessive-Compulsive. Chinese university counselors show least problems on the factor of Phobic Anxiety, however, on the Obsessive-Compulsive they have always difficult problems.
Objective: To investigate the changes in Chinese university counselors' mental health from 2004 through 2015. Methods: We collected the literature investigating Chinese university counselors' mental health by Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90) through the database of CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and used the cross-temporal meta-analysis to examine the changes of counselors' scores on the SCL-90 in the past 12 years(2004-2015). Results: Twenty-five published studies of the mental health of counselors(N=5835) were included. After weighting by sample size, correlations between year of data collection and counselors' SCL-90 scores were obvious negative(p<0.01), and the year could explain 2%~15% of the total variation of counselors' mental health. The counselors' nine factorial mean scores have decreased 4%~10% from 2004 to 2015, with mean scores of Psychoticism, Paranoid Ideation and Interpersonal Sensitivity decreasing more significantly. Conclusion: Chinese University counselors' mental health has been improving gradually from 2004 through 2015. During the 12 years, the factor Interpersonal Sensitivity of SCL-90 of counselors changed most significantly, and the least significantly changed factor was Somatization and Obsessive-Compulsive. Chinese university counselors show least problems on the factor of Phobic Anxiety, however, on the Obsessive-Compulsive they have always difficult problems.
引文
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[11]王彩霞.高校辅导员心理健康状况与职业倦怠相关性研究——以山东大学为例[D].山东大学,2014.
[12]赵海楠,于丹丹.高校辅导员人格特征与心理健康关系的研究[J].吉林工商学院学报,2015.31(4):109-111.
[13]倪亚红.高校辅导员心理健康现状及其相关问题研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007.15(7):667-668.
[14]童辉杰.SCL-90量表及其常模20年变迁之研究[J].心理科学,2010(4):928-930.
[15]中华人民共和国教育部.高等学校辅导员职业能力标准(暂行)[DB/OL](2014-3-25)[2017-3-18].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A12/s7060/201403/t20140327_167113.html
[16]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高等学校辅导员培训规划(2013—2017年)[DB/OL](2013-5-3)[2017-3-18].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A12/moe_1407/s3017/201305/t20130506_151815.html
[2]辛自强,池丽萍.横断历史研究:以元分析考察社会变迁中的心理发展[J].华东师范大学学报:教育科学版,2008.26(2):44-51.
[3]辛自强,张梅,何琳.大学生心理健康变迁的横断历史研究[J].心理学报,2012.44(5):664-679.
[4]辛自强,张梅.1992年以来中学生心理健康的变迁:一项横断历史研究[J].心理学报,2009.41(1):69-78.
[5]衣新发,赵倩,蔡曙山.中国军人心理健康状况的横断历史研究:1990~2007[J].心理学报,2012.44(2):226-236.
[6]衣新发,赵倩等.中国教师心理健康状况的横断历史研究:1994~2011[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2014.243:12-22.
[7]邓丽芳.近10年来中国飞行员心理健康状况的元分析[J].心理学报,2013.36(1):228-233.
[8]Twenge,J.M.,&Im,C.Changes in the need for social approval,1958-2001.Journal of Research in Personality,2007.41(1):171-189.
[9]Cohen,J.Statistical power analysis[J].Current Directions in Psychological Science,1992.1(3):98-101.
[10]蒋蜀辉.重庆市高校辅导员心理健康状况及其与职业压力源的关系研究[D].西南大学,2008.
[11]王彩霞.高校辅导员心理健康状况与职业倦怠相关性研究——以山东大学为例[D].山东大学,2014.
[12]赵海楠,于丹丹.高校辅导员人格特征与心理健康关系的研究[J].吉林工商学院学报,2015.31(4):109-111.
[13]倪亚红.高校辅导员心理健康现状及其相关问题研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007.15(7):667-668.
[14]童辉杰.SCL-90量表及其常模20年变迁之研究[J].心理科学,2010(4):928-930.
[15]中华人民共和国教育部.高等学校辅导员职业能力标准(暂行)[DB/OL](2014-3-25)[2017-3-18].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A12/s7060/201403/t20140327_167113.html
[16]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高等学校辅导员培训规划(2013—2017年)[DB/OL](2013-5-3)[2017-3-18].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A12/moe_1407/s3017/201305/t20130506_151815.html