父母监管与同伴影响:中学生越轨行为的性别差异
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摘要
本研究使用"中国教育追踪调查"(CEPS)数据,探讨父母监管与同伴影响对中学生的影响及其性别差异。研究发现:1.初中生的越轨行为存在性别差异:女生的越轨行为显著低于男生; 2.父母监管和同伴的纪律行为会降低个人的越轨行为,而同伴的越轨行为会提升个人的越轨行为; 3.父母监管对男生的越轨行为的影响效应显著高于女生,而同伴行为对个人越轨行为的影响不存在显著的性别差异。因此,教育者在越轨行为的控制上,应当同时考虑到父母与同伴的影响,充分发挥父母与同伴的正向作用,减少同伴带来的负面影响。
This study uses data from the China Education Panel Survey( CEPS) to explore the effects of parental monitoring and peer pressure on middle school students and their gender differences. The research finds that:1. There are gender differences in junior high school students' deviant behavior: girls' deviant behavior is significantly lower than boys'; 2. Parental monitoring and peer's disciplinary behavior will reduce individual deviant behavior,while peer's deviant behavior will enhance individual deviant behavior; 3. Parents' supervision has a significantly higher impact on boys' deviant behavior than girls',while peer behavior has a significant impact on individual deviant behavior. There was no significant gender difference. Therefore,in the control of deviant behavior,educators should also take into account the influence of parents and peers on their own behavior,give full play to the positive role of parents and peers,and reduce the negative impact of peers.
This study uses data from the China Education Panel Survey( CEPS) to explore the effects of parental monitoring and peer pressure on middle school students and their gender differences. The research finds that:1. There are gender differences in junior high school students' deviant behavior: girls' deviant behavior is significantly lower than boys'; 2. Parental monitoring and peer's disciplinary behavior will reduce individual deviant behavior,while peer's deviant behavior will enhance individual deviant behavior; 3. Parents' supervision has a significantly higher impact on boys' deviant behavior than girls',while peer behavior has a significant impact on individual deviant behavior. There was no significant gender difference. Therefore,in the control of deviant behavior,educators should also take into account the influence of parents and peers on their own behavior,give full play to the positive role of parents and peers,and reduce the negative impact of peers.
引文
[1]最高人民法院.从司法大数据看我国未成年人权益司法保护和未成年人犯罪特点及其预防[EB/OL].http://www.court.gov.cn/fabu-xiangqing-119901.html,2018-09-19.
[2]王祈然,王帅,王一杰.我国校园欺凌事件性别参与差异分析及治理对策研究[J].教育科学研究,2018,(10):47-53+69.
[3]Chrisler Joan C,Donald R.McCreary.Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology[M].Springer,2010.
[4]Berkes,F.,Colding,J.,and Folke,C.Linking Social-Ecological Systems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[5]Hines Melissa.Prenatal endocrine influences on sexual orientation and on sexually differentiated childhood behavior[J].Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.2011,32(2):170-182.
[6]Bettencourt,B.Ann;Miller,Norman Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation:A meta-analysis[J].Psychological Bulletin,1996,119(3):422.
[7]刘敏岚,陈会.浅谈弗洛伊德的人格发展理论对儿童教育的启示[J].社会心理科学,2011,26(Z1):59-62.
[8]Bussey K,Bandura A.Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.[J].Psychological Review,1999,106(4):676-713.
[9]Eagly,A.H.Sex differences in social behavior:Comparing social role theory and evolutionary psychology[J].American Psychologist,1997,52(12):1380-1383.
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[11][美]特拉维斯.赫希.少年犯罪原因探讨[M].吴宗宪,译.北京:中国国际广播出版社,1997.
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[13]Curran P J,Chassin L.A longitudinal study of parenting as a protective factor for children of alcoholics[J].Journal of Studies on Alcohol,1996,57(3):305-313.
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[15]Di Clemente R J,Wingood GM,Crosby R,et al.Parental monitoring:Association with adolescents'risk behaviors[J].Pediatrics,2001,107(6):1363-1368.
[16]王素华,李新影,陈杰.父母监管和温暖与青少年交往不良同伴对自身问题行为的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014,22(03):499-503+469.
[17]吴安,陈杰.父母监管对青少年问题行为的影响:结交不良同伴的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(01):74-76+80.
[18]徐轶丽,桑标.青少年成长环境的新认识---哈里斯(J.R.Harris)的群体社会化理论及其评价[J].当代青年研究,2003(03):13-19.
[19]B.B.Brown,Adolescents'relationships with peers,In:R.M.Lerner&L.Steinburg(Eds.),Handbook of Adolescent Psychology[M].2nd ed,New York:Wiley,2004:363-394.
[20]Kellie B.Gormly,Peer Pressure---for students and adults---can be positive[J].Pittsburgh Tribune-Review,2013,March,18.
[21]Lyndsey Veal M,Thomson Ross L.Gender,Alcohol Consumption,and Parental Monitoring[J].The Journal of Psychology,2006,140(1):41-52.
[22]Strunin L,Alejandro Díaz Martínez,L.Rosa Díaz-Martínez,et al.Parental monitoring and alcohol use among Mexican students[J].Addictive Behaviors,2013,38(10):2601-2606.
[23]黄超,吴愈晓.中学生教育期望的性别差异:表现与成因[J].江苏社会科学,2016,(04):121-132.
[24]Martin C L,Fabes R A.The stability and consequences of young children's same-sex peer interactions[J].Developmental Psychology,2001,37(3):431.
[25]Fabes R A,Martin C L,Hanish L D.Young Children's Play Qualities in Same-,Other-,and Mixed-Sex Peer Groups[J].Child Development,2003,74(3):921-932.
[26]Martino,Wayne;Pallota-Chiarollo,Maria.Being normal is the only way to be:adolescent perspectives on gender and school[M].UNSW Press,2005.
[27]Downey D B,Yuan A S.Sex differences in schoolperformance during high school:puzzling patterns and possible explanations[J].Sociological Quarterly,2005,46(2):299-321.
[2]王祈然,王帅,王一杰.我国校园欺凌事件性别参与差异分析及治理对策研究[J].教育科学研究,2018,(10):47-53+69.
[3]Chrisler Joan C,Donald R.McCreary.Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology[M].Springer,2010.
[4]Berkes,F.,Colding,J.,and Folke,C.Linking Social-Ecological Systems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[5]Hines Melissa.Prenatal endocrine influences on sexual orientation and on sexually differentiated childhood behavior[J].Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.2011,32(2):170-182.
[6]Bettencourt,B.Ann;Miller,Norman Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation:A meta-analysis[J].Psychological Bulletin,1996,119(3):422.
[7]刘敏岚,陈会.浅谈弗洛伊德的人格发展理论对儿童教育的启示[J].社会心理科学,2011,26(Z1):59-62.
[8]Bussey K,Bandura A.Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.[J].Psychological Review,1999,106(4):676-713.
[9]Eagly,A.H.Sex differences in social behavior:Comparing social role theory and evolutionary psychology[J].American Psychologist,1997,52(12):1380-1383.
[10]Dishion T J,Mcmahon R J.Parental Monitoring and the Prevention of Child and Adolescent Problem Behavior:A Conceptual and Empirical Formulation[J].Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review,1998,1(1):61-75.
[11][美]特拉维斯.赫希.少年犯罪原因探讨[M].吴宗宪,译.北京:中国国际广播出版社,1997.
[12]Cam,Taner.Explaining Marijuana Use Among Turkish Juveniles:A Test of Hirschi's Social Bonding Theory[J].Unt Theses&Dissertations,2011.
[13]Curran P J,Chassin L.A longitudinal study of parenting as a protective factor for children of alcoholics[J].Journal of Studies on Alcohol,1996,57(3):305-313.
[14]Khurana A,Bleakley A,Jordan A B,et al.The Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring and Internet Restriction on Adolescents'Risk of Online Harassment[J].Journal of Youth and Adolescence,2015,44(5):1039-1047.
[15]Di Clemente R J,Wingood GM,Crosby R,et al.Parental monitoring:Association with adolescents'risk behaviors[J].Pediatrics,2001,107(6):1363-1368.
[16]王素华,李新影,陈杰.父母监管和温暖与青少年交往不良同伴对自身问题行为的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014,22(03):499-503+469.
[17]吴安,陈杰.父母监管对青少年问题行为的影响:结交不良同伴的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(01):74-76+80.
[18]徐轶丽,桑标.青少年成长环境的新认识---哈里斯(J.R.Harris)的群体社会化理论及其评价[J].当代青年研究,2003(03):13-19.
[19]B.B.Brown,Adolescents'relationships with peers,In:R.M.Lerner&L.Steinburg(Eds.),Handbook of Adolescent Psychology[M].2nd ed,New York:Wiley,2004:363-394.
[20]Kellie B.Gormly,Peer Pressure---for students and adults---can be positive[J].Pittsburgh Tribune-Review,2013,March,18.
[21]Lyndsey Veal M,Thomson Ross L.Gender,Alcohol Consumption,and Parental Monitoring[J].The Journal of Psychology,2006,140(1):41-52.
[22]Strunin L,Alejandro Díaz Martínez,L.Rosa Díaz-Martínez,et al.Parental monitoring and alcohol use among Mexican students[J].Addictive Behaviors,2013,38(10):2601-2606.
[23]黄超,吴愈晓.中学生教育期望的性别差异:表现与成因[J].江苏社会科学,2016,(04):121-132.
[24]Martin C L,Fabes R A.The stability and consequences of young children's same-sex peer interactions[J].Developmental Psychology,2001,37(3):431.
[25]Fabes R A,Martin C L,Hanish L D.Young Children's Play Qualities in Same-,Other-,and Mixed-Sex Peer Groups[J].Child Development,2003,74(3):921-932.
[26]Martino,Wayne;Pallota-Chiarollo,Maria.Being normal is the only way to be:adolescent perspectives on gender and school[M].UNSW Press,2005.
[27]Downey D B,Yuan A S.Sex differences in schoolperformance during high school:puzzling patterns and possible explanations[J].Sociological Quarterly,2005,46(2):299-321.