我国花生气力输送技术与应用现状
|
摘要
气力输送在输送系统中占有重要的地位,其应用范围广、涉及学科多,具有广阔的应用前景。本文从气力输送技术的应用和特点入手,分析该技术的优势与不足,可知气力输送相对其他机械式输送方式具有设备结构简单、输送方向任意可调等优点,但也存在动力消耗大、输送物料尺寸受限等缺点,总体来看可适用于输送花生。同时,通过对不同类型气力输送装置的分析,结合花生自身生物与物理特性,系统梳理影响花生气力输送的主要因素,包括花生外形、容积密度、滑动摩擦角、休止角等花生自身生物物理特性,针对花生气力输送过程中荚果损伤率高的问题,归纳分析花生荚果和果仁的破壳和破碎挤压力学特性,同时还总结分析气流速度对花生气力输送的影响。最后,详细阐述和分析气力输送技术在花生播种、收获及产后加工等关键生产环节的应用现状,为气力输送技术在花生生产中的进一步应用提供借鉴与参考。
Pneumatic conveying plays an important role in the conveying system, it has a wide range of applications and involves many disciplines, and has broad application prospects. Starting from the application and characteristics of pneumatic conveying technology, the advantages and disadvantages of the technology are analyzed. Compared with other mechanical conveying modes, pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple equipment structure and arbitrary adjustable conveying direction,but there are also some shortcomings, such as large power consumption and limited size of conveying materials. In general, pneumatic conveying technology can be used to transport peanuts. Meanwhile,through the analysis of different types of pneumatic conveying devices, combined with biological and physical characteristics of peanut itself. The main influencing factors of peanut pneumatic transportation are systematically sorted out, including peanut shape, volume density, sliding friction angle, angle of repose and other biophysical characteristics of peanut. Aiming at the problem of high damage rate of peanut pods during pneumatic transportation, the mechanical properties of peanut pods and kernels during crushing and extrusion are summarized and analyzed, and the effects of airspeed on pneumatic conveying of peanut are also summarized and analyzed. Finally, the application of pneumatic conveying technology in the key process of peanut seeding, harvesting and post-processing is elaborated and analyzed in detail. This will provide reference for further application of pneumatic conveying technology in peanut production.
Pneumatic conveying plays an important role in the conveying system, it has a wide range of applications and involves many disciplines, and has broad application prospects. Starting from the application and characteristics of pneumatic conveying technology, the advantages and disadvantages of the technology are analyzed. Compared with other mechanical conveying modes, pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple equipment structure and arbitrary adjustable conveying direction,but there are also some shortcomings, such as large power consumption and limited size of conveying materials. In general, pneumatic conveying technology can be used to transport peanuts. Meanwhile,through the analysis of different types of pneumatic conveying devices, combined with biological and physical characteristics of peanut itself. The main influencing factors of peanut pneumatic transportation are systematically sorted out, including peanut shape, volume density, sliding friction angle, angle of repose and other biophysical characteristics of peanut. Aiming at the problem of high damage rate of peanut pods during pneumatic transportation, the mechanical properties of peanut pods and kernels during crushing and extrusion are summarized and analyzed, and the effects of airspeed on pneumatic conveying of peanut are also summarized and analyzed. Finally, the application of pneumatic conveying technology in the key process of peanut seeding, harvesting and post-processing is elaborated and analyzed in detail. This will provide reference for further application of pneumatic conveying technology in peanut production.
引文
[1] 胡志超. 半喂入花生联合收获机关键技术研究[M]. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2013.
[2] 高学梅, 胡志超, 谢焕雄, 等. 打击揉搓式花生脱壳试验研究[J]. 中国农机化, 2012, 33(4): 89-93, 27.Gao Xuemei, Hu Zhichao, Xie Huanxiong, et al. Experimental research on peanut sheller of blowing and kneading [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012, 33(4): 89-93, 27.
[3] 张德高, 陆永光, 谢焕雄. 农业颗粒物料气力输送技术概况与发展[J]. 食品工业, 2016, 37(10): 200-203.
[4] 杨伦, 谢一华. 气力输送工程[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2006.
[5] 周乃如, 朱凤德. 气力输送原理与设计计算[M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 1981.
[6] 陆永光. 基于花生荚果压送式气力输送技术研究及其参数优化[D]. 南通: 南通大学, 2016.Lu Yongguang. Research on peanuts pressure pneumatic transmission technology and parameter optimization [D].Nantong: Nantong University, 2016.
[7] 禹山林. 中国花生品种及其系谱[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2008.
[8] 周祖锷. 农业物料学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1994.
[9] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 于昭洋, 等. 花生籽粒几何尺寸及物理特性的研究[J]. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 34(3): 61-64.
[10] 高学梅, 胡志超, 王海鸥, 等. 花生脱壳加工物理机械特性试验[J]. 中国农机化, 2012, 33(6): 55-57, 61.Gao Xuemei, Hu Zhichao, Wang Haiou, et al. Experimental on physical and mechanical properties of peanut [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012, 33(6): 55-57, 61.
[11] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 于向涛, 等. 花生种子挤压破碎机理的试验研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2013, 34(2): 262-266.
[12] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 张会娟, 等. 气吸式花生膜上精量穴播轮田间作业性能测试[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(6): 213-218, 226.
[13] 胡志超,于昭洋,曹明珠,等.一种多级喂料气力输送装置[P]. 中国专利,ZL201510567763.9, 2017-4-26.
[14] 高连兴, 张文, 杜鑫, 等. 花生脱壳机脱出物的漂浮系数试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(2): 289-292.Gao Lianxing, Zhang Wen, Du Xin, et al. Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of threshed mixtures of peanut shelling machine [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(2): 289-292.
[15] 魏海, 谢焕雄, 胡志超, 等. 花生荚果气力输送设备参数优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(2): 6-12.Wei Hai, Xie Huanxiong, Hu Zhichao, et al. Parameter optimization and test of pneumatic conveying equipment for peanut pods [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(2): 6-12.
[2] 高学梅, 胡志超, 谢焕雄, 等. 打击揉搓式花生脱壳试验研究[J]. 中国农机化, 2012, 33(4): 89-93, 27.Gao Xuemei, Hu Zhichao, Xie Huanxiong, et al. Experimental research on peanut sheller of blowing and kneading [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012, 33(4): 89-93, 27.
[3] 张德高, 陆永光, 谢焕雄. 农业颗粒物料气力输送技术概况与发展[J]. 食品工业, 2016, 37(10): 200-203.
[4] 杨伦, 谢一华. 气力输送工程[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2006.
[5] 周乃如, 朱凤德. 气力输送原理与设计计算[M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 1981.
[6] 陆永光. 基于花生荚果压送式气力输送技术研究及其参数优化[D]. 南通: 南通大学, 2016.Lu Yongguang. Research on peanuts pressure pneumatic transmission technology and parameter optimization [D].Nantong: Nantong University, 2016.
[7] 禹山林. 中国花生品种及其系谱[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2008.
[8] 周祖锷. 农业物料学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1994.
[9] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 于昭洋, 等. 花生籽粒几何尺寸及物理特性的研究[J]. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 34(3): 61-64.
[10] 高学梅, 胡志超, 王海鸥, 等. 花生脱壳加工物理机械特性试验[J]. 中国农机化, 2012, 33(6): 55-57, 61.Gao Xuemei, Hu Zhichao, Wang Haiou, et al. Experimental on physical and mechanical properties of peanut [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012, 33(6): 55-57, 61.
[11] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 于向涛, 等. 花生种子挤压破碎机理的试验研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2013, 34(2): 262-266.
[12] 吕小莲, 胡志超, 张会娟, 等. 气吸式花生膜上精量穴播轮田间作业性能测试[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(6): 213-218, 226.
[13] 胡志超,于昭洋,曹明珠,等.一种多级喂料气力输送装置[P]. 中国专利,ZL201510567763.9, 2017-4-26.
[14] 高连兴, 张文, 杜鑫, 等. 花生脱壳机脱出物的漂浮系数试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(2): 289-292.Gao Lianxing, Zhang Wen, Du Xin, et al. Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of threshed mixtures of peanut shelling machine [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(2): 289-292.
[15] 魏海, 谢焕雄, 胡志超, 等. 花生荚果气力输送设备参数优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(2): 6-12.Wei Hai, Xie Huanxiong, Hu Zhichao, et al. Parameter optimization and test of pneumatic conveying equipment for peanut pods [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(2): 6-12.