紫外线消毒对砂滤水中余氯及三卤甲烷的影响
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摘要
以嘉兴市某水厂砂滤出水为对象,对经过工业紫外线消毒装置照射后水中余氯的衰减规律以及消毒副产物三卤甲烷的生成量进行研究.实验结果表明:随着紫外线剂量的增加,水中余氯总体呈减小的趋势.当紫外线剂量小于540mJ/cm2时,余氯的质量衰减速率较快;当辐照剂量为0和270mJ/cm2时,反应5h后,余氯的质量浓度分别为1.54和0.92mg/L,衰减幅度达40%.当紫外线剂量为1 620mJ/cm2时,余氯的质量浓度为0.61mg/L.初始余氯的质量浓度与其衰减速率成负相关关系.有紫外线照射比无紫外照射时三卤甲烷(THMs)生成量会有增加,水样初始余氯的质量浓度分别为2.5和3.75mg/L,紫外线照射剂量为1 620mJ/cm2,反应24h后,三卤甲烷的质量浓度分别是88.48和103.88μg/L,相对无紫外线照射时,分别增加50%和66%.经紫外线照射后,水样中总有机碳值减小.当紫外剂量相同时,相对于低紫外照射强度,高强度下水样中余氯的质量浓度更高,三卤甲烷的质量浓度更低.
On the filter water of a waterworks in Jiaxing,a test was conducted to investigate the decay of residual chlorine and the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs)after ultraviolet(UV)combined with disinfectant.Results show that the residual chlorine concentration is in decay with the increase of the UV radiation dose.When the UV dosage is below 540mJ/cm2,the chlorine decay rate is faster.When the reaction time is 5h,the residual chlorine in drinking water decreases from 1.54mg/L to 0.92mg/L and reduce by 40% when the UV dosage increases from 0to 270mJ/cm2.The residual chlorine is 0.61mg/L when the UV radiation dose reaches 1 620mJ/cm2.The initial residual chlorine concentration is negatively related to its decay rate.The formation of THMs(trihalomethanes)under UV disinfection is more than the no ultraviolet.And the THMs increases from 88.48μg/L to 103.88μg/L as the initial chlorine concentration increases from 2.5mg/L to 3.75mg/L at the UV dosage of 1 620mJ/cm2,which has increased by 50% and 66%,respectively,as compared with the no ultraviolet irradiation.The total organic carbon(TOC)value decreases in water after UV disinfection.The concentration of the residual chlorine is higher and the formation of THMs is lower under high UV intensity than low UV intensity under the same UV dosage.
On the filter water of a waterworks in Jiaxing,a test was conducted to investigate the decay of residual chlorine and the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs)after ultraviolet(UV)combined with disinfectant.Results show that the residual chlorine concentration is in decay with the increase of the UV radiation dose.When the UV dosage is below 540mJ/cm2,the chlorine decay rate is faster.When the reaction time is 5h,the residual chlorine in drinking water decreases from 1.54mg/L to 0.92mg/L and reduce by 40% when the UV dosage increases from 0to 270mJ/cm2.The residual chlorine is 0.61mg/L when the UV radiation dose reaches 1 620mJ/cm2.The initial residual chlorine concentration is negatively related to its decay rate.The formation of THMs(trihalomethanes)under UV disinfection is more than the no ultraviolet.And the THMs increases from 88.48μg/L to 103.88μg/L as the initial chlorine concentration increases from 2.5mg/L to 3.75mg/L at the UV dosage of 1 620mJ/cm2,which has increased by 50% and 66%,respectively,as compared with the no ultraviolet irradiation.The total organic carbon(TOC)value decreases in water after UV disinfection.The concentration of the residual chlorine is higher and the formation of THMs is lower under high UV intensity than low UV intensity under the same UV dosage.
引文
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[16]SHAH A D,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.Impact of UV disinfection combined with chlorination/chloramination on the formation of halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles in drinking water[J].Environmental science and technology,2011,45(8):3657-3664.
[17]HUA G,RECKHOW D A.Comparison of disinfection byproduct formation from chlorine and alternative disinfectants[J].Water Research,2007,41(8):1667-1678.
[18]LIU W,CHEUNG L M,YANG X,et al.THM,HAA and CNCL formation from UV irradiation and chlor(am)ination of selected organic waters[J].Water research,2006,40(10):2033-2043.
[19]LYON B A,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.The effect of inorganic precursors on disinfection byproduct formation during UV-chlorine/chloramine drinking water treatment[J].Water research,2012,46(15):4653-4664.
[20]ALSHEYAB M A,MUNOZ A H.Reducing the formation of trihalomethanes(THMs)by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2/O3)[J].Desalination,2006,194(1-3):121-126.
[21]NEALE P A,ANTONY A,BARTKOW M E,et al.Bioanalytical assessment of the formation of disinfection byproducts in a drinking water treatment plant[J].Environmental science and technology,2012,46(18):10317-10325.
[22]CHIN A,BRUBP R.Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors with ozone-UV advanced oxidation process[J].Water research,2005,39(10):2136-2144.
[23]赵振业,肖贤明,李丽,等.水体中不同相对分子质量有机质对饮用水消毒的影响[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):45-50.ZHAO Zhen-ye,XIAO Xian-ming,LI Li,et al.Effect on trihalomethane forming for different molecular weight dissolved organic matter in water resource[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Sciencel,2002,23(6):45-50.
[24]陈萍萍,张建英,金坚袁.饮用水中卤乙酸和三卤甲烷的形成及影响因素研究[J].环境化学,2005,24(4):434-437.CHEN Ping-ping,ZANG Jian-ying,JIN Jian-yuan.Study on the effect and formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic ethyl acid in drinking water[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,24(4):434-437.
[25]CHOI Y,CHOI Y.The effects of UV disinfection on drinking water quality in distribution systems[J].Water Research,2010,44(1):115-122.
[26]PAJER V,TIBOLDI,BAE N,et al.The molecular background of the differential UV absorbance of the human lens in the 240-400nm range[J].Photochemistry and Photobiology,2013,89(4):856-863.
[2]LYON B A,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.The effect of inorganic precursors on disinfection byproduct formation during UV-chlorine/chloramine drinking water treatment[J].Water research,2012,46(15):4653-4664.
[3]SHAH A D,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.Impact of UV disinfection combined with chlorination/chloramination on the formation of halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles in drinking water[J].Environmental science and technology,2011,45(8):3657-3664.
[4]罗凡,董滨,何群彪.紫外线与消毒剂联合作用于黄浦江源水的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(6):14-17.LUO Fan,DONG Bin,HE Qun-biao.Research on huangpu river water by ultraviolet combined with disinfectant disinfections[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,34(6):14-17.
[5]CHOWDHURY S,CHAMPAGNE P,MCLELLAN P J.Models for predicting disinfection byproduct(DBP)formation in drinking waters:a chronological review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(14):4189-4206.
[6]KOIVUNEN J,HEINONEN-TANSKI H.Inactivation of enteric microorganisms with chemical disinfectants,UV irradiation and combined chemical/UV treatments[J].Water research,2005,39(8):1519-1526.
[7]RAND J L,HOFMANN R,ALAM M Z B,et al.A field study evaluation for mitigating biofouling with chlorine dioxide or chlorine integrated with UV disinfection[J].Water research,2007,41(9):1939-1948.
[8]潘晓,王祥勇,陈洪斌.紫外线和化合氯联合消毒在水厂的应用研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(7):71-74.PAN Xiao,WANG Xiang-yong,CHEN Hong-bin.Application of the combined UV and chlorine disinfection in water plant[J].Technology of Water Treatent.2012,38(7):71-74.
[9]RAND J L,HOFMANN R,ALAM M Z B,et al.A field study evaluation for mitigating biofouling with chlorine dioxide or chlorine integrated with UV disinfection[J].Water research,2007,41(9):1939-1948.
[10]WENG S C,LI J,BLATCHLEY E R.Effects of UV254 irradiation on residual chlorine and DBPs in chlorination of model organic-N precursors in swimming pools[J].Water research,2012,46(8):2674-2682.
[11]张永吉,刘文君,张琳.氯对紫外线灭活枯草芽孢杆菌的协同作用[J].环境科学,2006,27(2):329-332.ZHANG Yong-ji,LIU Wen-jun,ZHANG Lin.Synergistic disinfection of bacillus subtilis spores by UV irradiation and chlorine[J].Environmental Science.2006,27(2):329-332.
[12]李聪,郭诗文,张土乔,等.环状管网余氯衰减和THMs动力学模型优化[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(12):5160-5164.LI Cong,GUO Shi-wen,ZHANG Tu-qiao,et al.Chlorine decay and THMs formation models based on the pilot-scale water distribution system[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(12):5160-5164.
[13]张永吉,胡领文,叶河秀,等.紫外线消毒对水中余氯衰减规律的影响研究[J].给水排水,2011,37(8):22-25.ZHANG Yong-ji,HU Ling-wen,YE He-xiu,et al.Effect of UV disinfection on residual chlorine decay in drinking water[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2011,37(8):22-25.
[14]张一清,张永吉,欧宣积,等.UV-H2O2消毒对水中余氯含量衰减的影响研究[J].水处理技术,2013,39(4):62-65.ZHANG Yi-qing,ZHANG Yong-ji,OU Xuan-ji,et al.Effect of UV-H2O2disinfection on the decay of residual chlorine in drinking water[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2013,39(4):62-65.
[15]WATTS M J,LINDEN K G..Chlorine photolysis and subsequent OH radical production during UV treatment of chlorinated water[J].Water research,2007,41(13):2871-2878.
[16]SHAH A D,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.Impact of UV disinfection combined with chlorination/chloramination on the formation of halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles in drinking water[J].Environmental science and technology,2011,45(8):3657-3664.
[17]HUA G,RECKHOW D A.Comparison of disinfection byproduct formation from chlorine and alternative disinfectants[J].Water Research,2007,41(8):1667-1678.
[18]LIU W,CHEUNG L M,YANG X,et al.THM,HAA and CNCL formation from UV irradiation and chlor(am)ination of selected organic waters[J].Water research,2006,40(10):2033-2043.
[19]LYON B A,DOTSON A D,LINDEN K G,et al.The effect of inorganic precursors on disinfection byproduct formation during UV-chlorine/chloramine drinking water treatment[J].Water research,2012,46(15):4653-4664.
[20]ALSHEYAB M A,MUNOZ A H.Reducing the formation of trihalomethanes(THMs)by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2/O3)[J].Desalination,2006,194(1-3):121-126.
[21]NEALE P A,ANTONY A,BARTKOW M E,et al.Bioanalytical assessment of the formation of disinfection byproducts in a drinking water treatment plant[J].Environmental science and technology,2012,46(18):10317-10325.
[22]CHIN A,BRUBP R.Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors with ozone-UV advanced oxidation process[J].Water research,2005,39(10):2136-2144.
[23]赵振业,肖贤明,李丽,等.水体中不同相对分子质量有机质对饮用水消毒的影响[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):45-50.ZHAO Zhen-ye,XIAO Xian-ming,LI Li,et al.Effect on trihalomethane forming for different molecular weight dissolved organic matter in water resource[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Sciencel,2002,23(6):45-50.
[24]陈萍萍,张建英,金坚袁.饮用水中卤乙酸和三卤甲烷的形成及影响因素研究[J].环境化学,2005,24(4):434-437.CHEN Ping-ping,ZANG Jian-ying,JIN Jian-yuan.Study on the effect and formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic ethyl acid in drinking water[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,24(4):434-437.
[25]CHOI Y,CHOI Y.The effects of UV disinfection on drinking water quality in distribution systems[J].Water Research,2010,44(1):115-122.
[26]PAJER V,TIBOLDI,BAE N,et al.The molecular background of the differential UV absorbance of the human lens in the 240-400nm range[J].Photochemistry and Photobiology,2013,89(4):856-863.