流速变化对于三峡库区次级支流富营养状况的影响
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摘要
为了探究流速对三峡库区水体富营养化的影响程度,研究了库区次级支流回水区范围内不同流速对藻类的影响。针对库区气候及水文条件,设计了双环形水动力实验装置,在20℃与2 000 Lux下研究Chla与TN、TP、DO、pH在流速分别为v=0、1.0、2.0 m/s时的变化趋势以及相互关系,并得出以下结论:流速在0到2.0 m/s范围内,Chla随时间呈先增后减的趋势,在实验进行8～10 d均出现峰值,v=1.0 m/s的峰值最大为0.938 mg/L。由此证明在水温为20℃与光照为2000Lux,TN、TP初始浓度分别为4.56、0.14 mg/L条件下,流速v=1.0 m/s对藻类生长的促进作用最大;不同流速下藻类达到峰值的时间并不相同,先后依次为v=0、2.0、1.0 m/s。不同流速下,Chla与TN、TP显著负相关,且TP与Chla浓度相关性最大,因此在所研究的三峡库区回水区水域范围内,营养物质中磷为主要藻类生长限值因素;当v=0 m/s时,Chla与DO、pH有一定的相关性,三峡库区次级支流回水区TN、TP、DO、pH对藻类生长的影响大小为:TP>TN>DO>pH。
In order to find the influence of velocity on eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir,experiments were carried to explore the influence of different velocities on algae growth in secondary tributary backwater area.The experimental setup of the dual-ring water power was designed for the climate and hydrological conditions of Three Gorges Reservoir.The trends and relationship between Chla and TN,TP,DO,pH,were discussed under the condition of 20 ℃ and 2 000 Lux,when the flow rates were 0 m/s,1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s.Experimental results showed that within the flow rate of 0 m/s to 2.0 m/s,the Chla increased at first and then decreased with the increase of velocity.The peak value appeared during 8~10 days.When v=1.0 m/s,the maximum peak value appeared and the value was 0.938 mg/L.The time that algae under different flow rate reached the peak value was not the same,successively followed by v=0 m/s,v=2.0 m/s and v=1.0 m/s.Chla had significant negative correlation with TN,TP at different water velocities.And the correlation coefficient between Chla and TP was higher.Therefore,phosphorus was the main limits factor for algae growth in the backwater area of Three Gorges Reservoir.When v=0 m/s,Chla had some correlation with DO and pH.The correlation coefficient of DO was larger than pH.The degree of impact of TN,TP,DO and pH on the algal growth was described in the descending order of TP> TN>DO>pH.
In order to find the influence of velocity on eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir,experiments were carried to explore the influence of different velocities on algae growth in secondary tributary backwater area.The experimental setup of the dual-ring water power was designed for the climate and hydrological conditions of Three Gorges Reservoir.The trends and relationship between Chla and TN,TP,DO,pH,were discussed under the condition of 20 ℃ and 2 000 Lux,when the flow rates were 0 m/s,1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s.Experimental results showed that within the flow rate of 0 m/s to 2.0 m/s,the Chla increased at first and then decreased with the increase of velocity.The peak value appeared during 8~10 days.When v=1.0 m/s,the maximum peak value appeared and the value was 0.938 mg/L.The time that algae under different flow rate reached the peak value was not the same,successively followed by v=0 m/s,v=2.0 m/s and v=1.0 m/s.Chla had significant negative correlation with TN,TP at different water velocities.And the correlation coefficient between Chla and TP was higher.Therefore,phosphorus was the main limits factor for algae growth in the backwater area of Three Gorges Reservoir.When v=0 m/s,Chla had some correlation with DO and pH.The correlation coefficient of DO was larger than pH.The degree of impact of TN,TP,DO and pH on the algal growth was described in the descending order of TP> TN>DO>pH.
引文
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[2]OECD,Eutrophication of waters monitoring,assessment andcontrol[R].OECD Publication,Paris,1982.
[3]Cai Xiaoyin,Liu Xinan.Behavior study on the role of irradi-ance and temperature on the algae bloom of typical algae inThree-Gorges Valley[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2009.[柴小颖,刘信安.光照和温度对三峡库区典型水华藻类生长的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.]
[4]Chen Weimin,Chen Yuwei,Qin Boqing,et al.Experimentalstudy on the biological community succession caused by wa-ter flow[J].Journal of Lake Science,2000,12(4):343-352.[陈伟民,陈宇伟,秦佰强,等.模拟水动力对湖泊生物群落演替的实验[J].湖泊科学,2000,12(4):343-352.]
[5]Wu Xiaojun,Li Qijun.Reviews of influences from hydrody-namic conditions on algae[J].Ecology and EnvironmentalSciences,2010,19(7):1732-1738.[吴晓辉,李其军.水动力条件对藻类影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1732-1738.]
[6]Wang Lili.Research on the relevant factors of the algal growthin hydrodynamic condition[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Uni-versity,2006:98-112.[王利利.水动力条件下藻类生长相关影响因素研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006:98-112.]
[7]Zhong Chenghua.A study on the eutrophication of the ThreeGorges Reservoir[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2004.[钟成华.三峡库区水体富营养化研究[D].成都:四川大学,2004.]
[8]Braarud T.Cultivation of marine organization as a means ofunderstanding environmental influendes on populations[M].Oceanography,Amer Ass Adv Sci,1961:271-298.
[9]Grobbelaar J U.Turbulence in mass algal cultures and therole of light/dark fluctuations[J].Journal of Applied Phy-cology,1994(6):331-335.
[10]Li Jinxiu,Du Bin,Sun Yisan.Effect of hydrodynamics onthe eutrophication[J].Water Resources and HydropowerEngineering,2005,36(5):15-18.[李锦秀,杜斌,孙以三.水动力条件对富营养化影响规律探讨[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(5):15-18.]