春玉米干物质积累及转运对种植模式和种植密度的响应
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摘要
为了探索春玉米干物质积累及转运对种植模式和种植密度的响应,以农华101为供试材料,以常规等行距种植模式为对照(60 cm,CK),研究宽窄行种植模式(80 cm+40 cm,KZ)下春玉米的干物质积累,设3个种植密度水平,测定了不同生育时期干物质积累量,并计算干物质转运量及转运对籽粒的贡献率。结果表明:2个试验区的产量在3个密度下均表现为KZ>CK,且达到显著水平,增产幅度在2.5%～15.1%。叶面积指数均表现为KZ>CK,生育后期叶面积指数下降幅度CK>KZ,且密度越大,降幅越大;叶片SPAD值除吐丝期D1、D2密度下穗位上叶外,各层位SPAD值均表现为KZ>CK;冠层透光率各个密度各个层位上均表现为KZ>CK,达到显著水平。茎叶总干物质积累量、转运量均表现为KZ>CK,在3个种植密度下均达到显著水平;"茎鞘+叶片"转运对籽粒的贡献率在各个密度下也均表现为KZ>CK,其中大兴屯宽窄行在D3密度时最大。在西辽河平原及同类地区,宽窄行种植有利于延缓较高密度种植下生育后期的叶片衰老、干物质积累和转运,是增密增产提效的有效途径。
The maize variety Nonghua 101 was used as test material,to study the response of dry matter accumulation and translocation to planting patterns and planting densities of spring maize, including 2 planting patterns: wide-narrow row(80 cm+40 cm,KZ) and equal row spacing(60 cm, CK), and 3 planting densities. The dry matter accumulation amount at different stages of growth was measured, and the dry matter transfer amount and contribution rate to seeds were calculated. The results showed that the grain yields of maize in 3 densities of two experimental areas all showed KZ>CK, reaching to a significant level, and the increase rate ranging from 2.5% to 15.1%. The leaf area index was also KZ>CK. At the later growth stage, the decrease rate of leaf area index was CK>KZ, and the greater the density, the greater the decline. The SPAD value of leaves was KZ>CK at all stages, except for the leaves above ear in D1 and D2 densities at silking stage. The canopy transmittance was KZ>CK for all levels and in all densities, reaching to a significant level. The total dry matter accumulation and translocation amounts of stems and leaves showed KZ>CK in all three planting densities, reaching to a significant level. The contribution rate of stem-sheath and leaf to seeds was also KZ>CK at all densities, of which the highest came from the Daxingtun treatment with wide-narrow row planting pattern and D3 density. In Xiliaohe River Plain and similar areas, the planting pattern of wide-narrow row was beneficial to delaying the leaf senescence and increasing the dry matter accumulation and translocation under higher density during the late growth period, and might be an effective way to increase the density and the yield.
The maize variety Nonghua 101 was used as test material,to study the response of dry matter accumulation and translocation to planting patterns and planting densities of spring maize, including 2 planting patterns: wide-narrow row(80 cm+40 cm,KZ) and equal row spacing(60 cm, CK), and 3 planting densities. The dry matter accumulation amount at different stages of growth was measured, and the dry matter transfer amount and contribution rate to seeds were calculated. The results showed that the grain yields of maize in 3 densities of two experimental areas all showed KZ>CK, reaching to a significant level, and the increase rate ranging from 2.5% to 15.1%. The leaf area index was also KZ>CK. At the later growth stage, the decrease rate of leaf area index was CK>KZ, and the greater the density, the greater the decline. The SPAD value of leaves was KZ>CK at all stages, except for the leaves above ear in D1 and D2 densities at silking stage. The canopy transmittance was KZ>CK for all levels and in all densities, reaching to a significant level. The total dry matter accumulation and translocation amounts of stems and leaves showed KZ>CK in all three planting densities, reaching to a significant level. The contribution rate of stem-sheath and leaf to seeds was also KZ>CK at all densities, of which the highest came from the Daxingtun treatment with wide-narrow row planting pattern and D3 density. In Xiliaohe River Plain and similar areas, the planting pattern of wide-narrow row was beneficial to delaying the leaf senescence and increasing the dry matter accumulation and translocation under higher density during the late growth period, and might be an effective way to increase the density and the yield.
引文
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