文化城市建设的理念与启示:基于“欧洲文化之都”的政策实践
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摘要
随着全球化浪潮和后工业化时代的到来,文化城市理念逐步兴起并日益受到高度重视。欧洲是全球文化城市建设的领先者,其1985年开始实施的"欧洲文化之都"项目,对欧洲文化城市的建设和发展产生了重要且深远的影响。透过"欧洲文化之都"项目的政策与实施,可以窥见欧洲文化城市建设的主要理念:注重城市特色内涵的文化价值表达,将文化作为强化欧洲一体化理念的体现,促进城市发展的战略性举措,以及推动社会整合的结构性力量。中国与欧洲分别作为东西方文化的发源地和集中代表,"欧洲文化之都"的政策、理念与实践对中国文化城市建设有重要的启示作用。
With the advent of globalization and the post-industrial era, the concept of cultural city was gradually established and attached great importance. Europe is a forerunner in modeling global cultural city.European Capital of Culture, started in 1985, has had an important and far-reaching impact on the construction and development of European cultural cities. Through the policy making and the implementation of the project European Capital of Culture, we can glimpse the deep meaning of European cultural city construction: viewing culture as the expression of unique city content, taking culture as a manifestation of strengthening European integration, using culture as a strategic move to facilitate urban development, and valuing culture as strategic tools to promote social integration. China and Europe, respectively, are the birthplace and typical representative of the East and West cultures. Therefore,we hope that the policy,idea and practice of European Cultural Capital have an important enlightenment on the construction of Chinese Cultural Cities.
With the advent of globalization and the post-industrial era, the concept of cultural city was gradually established and attached great importance. Europe is a forerunner in modeling global cultural city.European Capital of Culture, started in 1985, has had an important and far-reaching impact on the construction and development of European cultural cities. Through the policy making and the implementation of the project European Capital of Culture, we can glimpse the deep meaning of European cultural city construction: viewing culture as the expression of unique city content, taking culture as a manifestation of strengthening European integration, using culture as a strategic move to facilitate urban development, and valuing culture as strategic tools to promote social integration. China and Europe, respectively, are the birthplace and typical representative of the East and West cultures. Therefore,we hope that the policy,idea and practice of European Cultural Capital have an important enlightenment on the construction of Chinese Cultural Cities.
引文
(1)单霁翔:《从“功能城市”走向“文化城市”发展路径辨析》,《文艺研究》2007年第3期。
(2)王林生:《“文化城市”理念的历史语境及理论内涵》,《城市问题》2014年第4期。
(1)欧洲共同体于1967年由欧洲经济共同体、欧洲煤钢共同体和欧洲原子能共同体组建,2009年根据《里斯本条约》废止,其职能由欧盟取代。
(2)该决议1999年通过(Decision1419/1999/EC,Art.1),2003年修订,2005年实施。
(1)European Commission:European Capitals of Culture 30 Years,2015.
(1)European Commission:On a European Agenda for Culture in a Globalizing World,2007.
(2)Sassatelli,Monica.European Cultural Space in the European Cities of Culture,European Societies,2008(2):225-245.
(3)Sjholt,Peter.Culture as a Strategic Development Device:The Role of European Cities of Culture,with Particular Reference to Bergen,European Urban and Regional Studies,1999(4):339-347.
(4)Evans,Graeme:Hard-branding the Cultural City:From Prado to Prada,International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2003
(2):417-440.
(5)Richards,Greg.;Marques,Lénia:Bidding for Success?Impacts of the European Capital of Culture Bid,Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,2016(2):180-195.
(6)https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/library/ecoc-fact-sheet_en.pdf
(7)Richards,Greg.;Wilson,Julie:The Impact of Cultural Events on City Image:Rotterdam,Cultural Capital of Europe 2001,Urban Studies,2004(10):1931-1951.
(8)Liu,Yi-De:Cultural Events and Cultural Tourism Development:Lessons from the European Capitals of Culture,European Planning Studies,2014(3):498-514.
(1)European Parliament:European Capitals of Culture:Success Strategies and Long-term Effects,2013.
(2)刘士林:《新中国的城市化进程及文化城市战略》,《文化艺术研究》2010年第2期。
(1)钟晟:《文化导向的新型城镇化发展模式研究》,《文化软实力研究》2017年第1期。
(2)王林生:《“文化城市”理念的历史语境及理论内涵》,《城市问题》2014年第4期。
(1)欧洲共同体于1967年由欧洲经济共同体、欧洲煤钢共同体和欧洲原子能共同体组建,2009年根据《里斯本条约》废止,其职能由欧盟取代。
(2)该决议1999年通过(Decision1419/1999/EC,Art.1),2003年修订,2005年实施。
(1)European Commission:European Capitals of Culture 30 Years,2015.
(1)European Commission:On a European Agenda for Culture in a Globalizing World,2007.
(2)Sassatelli,Monica.European Cultural Space in the European Cities of Culture,European Societies,2008(2):225-245.
(3)Sjholt,Peter.Culture as a Strategic Development Device:The Role of European Cities of Culture,with Particular Reference to Bergen,European Urban and Regional Studies,1999(4):339-347.
(4)Evans,Graeme:Hard-branding the Cultural City:From Prado to Prada,International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2003
(2):417-440.
(5)Richards,Greg.;Marques,Lénia:Bidding for Success?Impacts of the European Capital of Culture Bid,Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,2016(2):180-195.
(6)https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/library/ecoc-fact-sheet_en.pdf
(7)Richards,Greg.;Wilson,Julie:The Impact of Cultural Events on City Image:Rotterdam,Cultural Capital of Europe 2001,Urban Studies,2004(10):1931-1951.
(8)Liu,Yi-De:Cultural Events and Cultural Tourism Development:Lessons from the European Capitals of Culture,European Planning Studies,2014(3):498-514.
(1)European Parliament:European Capitals of Culture:Success Strategies and Long-term Effects,2013.
(2)刘士林:《新中国的城市化进程及文化城市战略》,《文化艺术研究》2010年第2期。
(1)钟晟:《文化导向的新型城镇化发展模式研究》,《文化软实力研究》2017年第1期。