不同光照时间对欧美杨幼苗生长和光合特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同光照时间下欧美杨生长过程中长势及生理适应性,为其优良高光效品种的早期选育及推广栽培提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以16个欧美杨无性系幼苗为研究对象,全遮光条件下,采用LED-100 W全光谱植物生长灯进行人工控光试验,探讨不同光照时间(11、12、13、14和15 h)对欧美杨幼苗生长、生物量、叶绿素相对含量及光合特性等的影响。【结果】1)光照14 h和15 h下幼苗的苗高地径相对增长率、叶生物量显著高于其他光照下(P<0.01),而根冠比和叶片SPAD值相对较低,且幼苗光响应曲线走势基本一致,随光合有效辐射(PAR)增加,叶片净光合速率(P_n)先迅速增加,达光饱和点后曲线开始趋于平缓,直角双曲线拟合效果良好(相关系数R~(2 )≥0.948); 2)叶片最大净光合速率(P_(max))随光照时间的延长而增大,其中光照15 h比11 h高104.53%。光照15 h叶片表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)和光补偿点(LCP)最高,光照14 h光饱和点(LSP)较高,仅次于13 h,而LCP和R_d均低于其他光照时间; 3)叶绿素荧光参数显示,光照11 h幼苗的初始荧光(F_o)最大,最大荧光(F_m)总体差异未达极显著水平(P> 0.01),可变荧光(F_v)在光照13 h相对较高。随光照时间延长PSⅡ反应中心原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)及潜在光化学活性(F_v/F_o)逐渐增大,且F_v/F_m均在0.83～0.85之间。【结论】随光照时间的延长,欧美杨幼苗的P_(max)、F_m、F_v、F_v/F_o和F_v/F_m均逐渐增大,F_o和根冠比逐渐减小,此外SPAD值、AQY、LSP、LCP和R_d对光照时间也存在不同程度的响应。此结果可作为早期估测欧美杨生长量和生态适应性的参考依据之一,也可作为欧美杨新品种选育、良种推广应用及生产实践过程的重要参考。
【Objective】 This study investigated the growth and physiological adaption of the growth process of Populus× euramericana in different irradiation duration, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the early breeding and promotion of the superior varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.【Method】 In this paper, seedlings of 16 P.×euramericana clones were taken as experimental materials, and artificial light control tests were performed with LED-100 W full spectrum plant growth lamp under all shading conditions to study the influence of different irradiation duration(11 h, 12 h, 13 h, 14 h and 15 h) on the seedlings growth, the biomass, the relative content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic characteristics of P. × euramericana. 【Result】 1)The results showed that relative growth rate of height and root diameter, and leaf biomass of seedlings under 14 h and 15 h irradiation were significantly higher than those under other irradiation duration(P<0.01). On the contrary, the root-shoot ratio and leaf SPAD value were relatively low. The trends of light-response curves of seedlings under different irradiation duration were basically consistent. With the increase of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of leaves increased rapidly at first, and then began to flatten after reaching the light saturation point. The rectangular hyperbola was a favorable model for fitting the light-response curve data(R~2≥0.948). 2)The maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)) of leaves increased as the light time prolonged, and was 104.53% higher with 15 h irradiation than that with 11 h irradiation. Apparent quantum yield(AQY), dark respiration(R_d), and light compensation point(LCP) were the highest with 15 h irradiation. Light saturation point(LSP) was relatively higher under 14 h irradiation, with only lower than 13 h irradiation, while LCP and R_d were lower than all the other irradiation duration. 3) The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that basis fluorescence(F_o) of seedlings under 11 h irradiation was the highest, and the maximum fluorescence(F_m) was not significantly different(P>0.01). Variable fluorescence(F_v) of seedlings under 13 h irradiation was relatively higher. The efficiency of solar energy conversion(F_(v )/F_m) and potential activity of PSⅡ(F_(v )/F_o) increased gradually with the increase of irradiation time, and the value of(F_(v )/F_m) ranged from 0.83 to 0.85.【Conclusion】 Within the scope of this study, as the extension of light time, the P_(max)、F_m、F_v、F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m of P. × euramericana seedlings increased gradually, while F_o and root-shoot ratio decreased gradually. Besides, SPAD value, AQY, LSP, LCP, and R_d also had different responses to irradiation duration. Therefore, we suggest that the results can be used as an indicator of the early growth and the ecological adaption of P. × euramericana seedlings, also can be used as an important reference of the new varieties breeding, the application of breeding varieties and production practices.
【Objective】 This study investigated the growth and physiological adaption of the growth process of Populus× euramericana in different irradiation duration, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the early breeding and promotion of the superior varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency.【Method】 In this paper, seedlings of 16 P.×euramericana clones were taken as experimental materials, and artificial light control tests were performed with LED-100 W full spectrum plant growth lamp under all shading conditions to study the influence of different irradiation duration(11 h, 12 h, 13 h, 14 h and 15 h) on the seedlings growth, the biomass, the relative content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic characteristics of P. × euramericana. 【Result】 1)The results showed that relative growth rate of height and root diameter, and leaf biomass of seedlings under 14 h and 15 h irradiation were significantly higher than those under other irradiation duration(P<0.01). On the contrary, the root-shoot ratio and leaf SPAD value were relatively low. The trends of light-response curves of seedlings under different irradiation duration were basically consistent. With the increase of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of leaves increased rapidly at first, and then began to flatten after reaching the light saturation point. The rectangular hyperbola was a favorable model for fitting the light-response curve data(R~2≥0.948). 2)The maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)) of leaves increased as the light time prolonged, and was 104.53% higher with 15 h irradiation than that with 11 h irradiation. Apparent quantum yield(AQY), dark respiration(R_d), and light compensation point(LCP) were the highest with 15 h irradiation. Light saturation point(LSP) was relatively higher under 14 h irradiation, with only lower than 13 h irradiation, while LCP and R_d were lower than all the other irradiation duration. 3) The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that basis fluorescence(F_o) of seedlings under 11 h irradiation was the highest, and the maximum fluorescence(F_m) was not significantly different(P>0.01). Variable fluorescence(F_v) of seedlings under 13 h irradiation was relatively higher. The efficiency of solar energy conversion(F_(v )/F_m) and potential activity of PSⅡ(F_(v )/F_o) increased gradually with the increase of irradiation time, and the value of(F_(v )/F_m) ranged from 0.83 to 0.85.【Conclusion】 Within the scope of this study, as the extension of light time, the P_(max)、F_m、F_v、F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m of P. × euramericana seedlings increased gradually, while F_o and root-shoot ratio decreased gradually. Besides, SPAD value, AQY, LSP, LCP, and R_d also had different responses to irradiation duration. Therefore, we suggest that the results can be used as an indicator of the early growth and the ecological adaption of P. × euramericana seedlings, also can be used as an important reference of the new varieties breeding, the application of breeding varieties and production practices.
引文
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刘文国,张旭东,黄玲玲,等. 2010.我国杨树生理生态研究进展. 世界林业研究,23(1): 51-55.(Liu W G,Zhang X D,Huang L L,et al. 2010.Research progress on physiologic and ecologic characteristics of popular. World Forestry Research,23(1):51-55.[in Chinese])
刘希华,丁昌俊,张伟溪,等. 2010.不同基因型欧洲黑杨幼苗氮素利用效率差异及其机理初探. 林业科学研究,23(3): 368-374.(Liu X H,Ding C J,Zhang W X,et al. 2010.Study on difference and primarily mechanism of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in Populus nigra seedlings genotypes. Forest Research,23(3):368-374.[in Chinese])
吕铖香,张明如,邹伶俐. 2015. 模拟酸雨与光强处理对芒萁叶绿素及荧光特性的影响. 浙江农林大学学报,32(1): 52-59.(Lü C X,Zhang M R,Zou L L. 2015.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics with simulated acidrain and light intensity treatments for Dicranopteris dichotoma.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,32(1): 52-59.[in Chinese])
欧阳芳群,王军辉,贾子瑞,等. 2014. 补光对青海云杉家系幼苗生物量和矿质元素的影响. 林业科学,50(11): 188-196.(Ouyang F Q,Wang J H,Jia Z R,et al. 2014. Effects of supplemental light on biomass and mineral element content of seedlings from nine families in Picea crassifolia. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,50(11):188-196.[in Chinese])
欧阳芳群,张守攻,王军辉,等. 2010.补光处理对黑云杉不同种源苗木生长的影响.北京林业大学学报,32(5): 82-87.(Ouyang F Q,Zhang S G,Wang J H,et al. 2010.Effects of supplemental lighting treatments on seedling growth of varied provenances in black spruce. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,32(5):82-87.[in Chinese])
平晓燕,周广胜,孙敬松. 2010. 植物光合产物分配及其影响因子研究进展. 植物生态学报,34(1): 100-111.(Ping X Y,Zhou G S,Sun J S. 2010. Advances in the study of photosynthate allocation and its controls. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,34(1):100-111. [in Chinese])
苏建荣,臧传富,刘万德,等. 2012.光质对云南红豆杉生长及紫杉烷含量影响的研究. 林业科学研究,25(4): 419-424.(Su J R,Zang C F,Liu W D,et al. 2012.Effect of light quality on growth and taxanes contents of Taxus yunnanensis. Forest Research,25(4):419-424.[in Chinese])
苏晓华,丁昌俊,马常耕. 2010. 我国杨树育种的研究进展及对策. 林业科学研究,23(1): 31-37.(Su X H,Ding C J,Ma C G. 2010. Research progress and strategies of poplar breeding in China. Forest Research,23(1):31-37.[in Chinese])
韦峰. 2015. 不同光质及补光时间对几种蔬菜生长的影响.银川: 宁夏大学博士学位论文.(Wei F. 2015. Effects of different light qualities and different supplementary lighting time on the growth of several kinds of vegetables. Yinchuan:PhD thesis of Ningxia University. [in Chinese])
叶飞英,陈子林,郑伟成,等. 2015. 不同光强下濒危植物伯乐树幼苗叶片光合生理参数比较. 浙江农林大学学报,32(5): 716-721.(Ye F Y,Chen Z L,Zheng W C,et al. 2015. Photosynthetic physiological response of Bretschneidera sinensis seedlings to light intensity. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,32(5):716-721.[in Chinese])
叶子飘. 2010. 光合作用对光和CO2响应模型的研究进展. 植物生态学报,34(6): 727-740.(Ye Z P. 2010. A review on modeling of responses of photosynthesis to light and CO2. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,34(6):727-740.[in Chinese])
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