磁化水处理对镉胁迫下欧美杨幼苗光合及生长特性的影响
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摘要
为探讨磁化水灌溉处理在促进植物生长、提高植株重金属耐受性方面的作用机制,本研究采用随机区组试验设计,研究了镉胁迫(0μmol·L?1、50μmol·L?1、100μmol·L?1)下磁化水灌溉处理对1a生欧美杨‘I-107’光合特性、叶绿素荧光动力学参数及生长特性的影响。结果表明:1)镉胁迫会显著降低植株高生长和根茎叶干物质量;低浓度(50μmol·L?1)镉处理促进根系直径及体积增大(P<0.05),高浓度(100μmol·L?1)则会抑制根系各形态参数;镉胁迫下欧美杨叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低12.50%、43.24%和19.27%、46.37%(P<0.05),净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间二氧化碳(Ci)分别降低13.68%和33.68%、8.07%和27.81%、5.00%和14.99%(P<0.05),同时,PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fm)、最大光化学速率(Fv/Fo)、光合性能指数(PIabs)和量子产额(ΦEo)均有不同程度降低。2)磁化水灌溉提高镉胁迫植株高生长及根茎叶干物质量,增加植株根系长度及表面积;同时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量在0μmol·L?1和100μmol·L?1镉胁迫下分别提高16.99%、40.20%,8.67%、39.10%和17.32%、50.52%(P<0.05); Gs、Ci及WUE显著升高, Tr则降低24.20%、23.33%、12.06%(P<0.05);另外,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、PIabs显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,磁化水灌溉处理有助于提高镉胁迫下欧美杨幼苗光合色素含量,维持光合机构功能,增强光合碳同化速率,减轻镉胁迫对植株生长发育的抑制。
In order to investigate the effect of magnetized water irrigation on plant growth and tolerance to heavy metals, a randomized block experiment was designed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters and growth characteristics of 1-year-old Populus×euramericanna ‘Neva' under three cadmium concentrations(0 μmol·L?1, 50 μmol·L?1,100 μmol·L?1) of magnetized water solution. The results showed that: 1) plant height, stem growth and dry matter weights of roots,leaves and stems significantly dropped under cadmium stress. While root diameter and volume were enhanced under low cadmium concentration(50 μmol·L?1, P < 0.05), root morphology parameters were inhibited under high concentration(100 μmol·L?1). Compared with 0 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents decreased respectively by 12.50% and 19.27%under 50 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, and 43.24% and 46.37% under 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment(P < 0.05). Net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) respectively decreased by 13.68%, 8.07%and 5.00% under 50 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, and by 33.68%, 27.81% and 14.99%(P < 0.05) under 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment. PSⅡ potential activity(Fv/Fm), maximum photo-chemical rate(Fv/Fo), photosynthetic performance index(PIabs) and quantum yield(ΦEo) also dropped to varying degrees. 2) Compared with non-magnetic water treatment, magnetic water treatment enhanced the growth of plants under cadmium stress in terms of height and stem, increased dry weight of roots and leaves and also root length and surface area of the plant. The contents of chlorophyll a increased by 16.99%, 6.55% and 4.02%, and carotenoid content increased by 17.32%, 19.38% and 50.52%(P < 0.05), respectively, under 0, 50 and 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatments. While Pn, Gs, Ci and WUE increased, the differences were not significant. However, Tr reduced respectively by 24.20%,23.33% and 12.06%(P < 0.05). In addition, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ΦEo remained stable whereas PIabs increased respectively by 8.01%,20.63% and 31.09%(P < 0.05). In summary, magnetic treatment of water increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, maintained the function of photosynthetic apparatus, heightened the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and subsequently relieved the inhibition of plant growth by cadmium stress.
In order to investigate the effect of magnetized water irrigation on plant growth and tolerance to heavy metals, a randomized block experiment was designed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters and growth characteristics of 1-year-old Populus×euramericanna ‘Neva' under three cadmium concentrations(0 μmol·L?1, 50 μmol·L?1,100 μmol·L?1) of magnetized water solution. The results showed that: 1) plant height, stem growth and dry matter weights of roots,leaves and stems significantly dropped under cadmium stress. While root diameter and volume were enhanced under low cadmium concentration(50 μmol·L?1, P < 0.05), root morphology parameters were inhibited under high concentration(100 μmol·L?1). Compared with 0 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents decreased respectively by 12.50% and 19.27%under 50 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, and 43.24% and 46.37% under 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment(P < 0.05). Net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) respectively decreased by 13.68%, 8.07%and 5.00% under 50 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment, and by 33.68%, 27.81% and 14.99%(P < 0.05) under 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatment. PSⅡ potential activity(Fv/Fm), maximum photo-chemical rate(Fv/Fo), photosynthetic performance index(PIabs) and quantum yield(ΦEo) also dropped to varying degrees. 2) Compared with non-magnetic water treatment, magnetic water treatment enhanced the growth of plants under cadmium stress in terms of height and stem, increased dry weight of roots and leaves and also root length and surface area of the plant. The contents of chlorophyll a increased by 16.99%, 6.55% and 4.02%, and carotenoid content increased by 17.32%, 19.38% and 50.52%(P < 0.05), respectively, under 0, 50 and 100 μmol·L?1 cadmium treatments. While Pn, Gs, Ci and WUE increased, the differences were not significant. However, Tr reduced respectively by 24.20%,23.33% and 12.06%(P < 0.05). In addition, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ΦEo remained stable whereas PIabs increased respectively by 8.01%,20.63% and 31.09%(P < 0.05). In summary, magnetic treatment of water increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, maintained the function of photosynthetic apparatus, heightened the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and subsequently relieved the inhibition of plant growth by cadmium stress.
引文
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[2]周垂帆,李莹,殷丹阳,等.林地重金属污染来源解析[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(5):15-21ZHOU C F,LI Y,YIN D Y,et al.A review on heavy metal contamination on forest land[J].World Forestry Research,2015,28(5):15-21
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[4]时萌,王芙蓉,王棚涛.植物响应重金属镉胁迫的耐性机理研究进展[J].生命科学,2016,28(4):504-512SHI M,WANG F R,WANG P T.Research advances in the tolerance mechanism of plant response to heavy metal cadmium stress[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2016,28(4):504-512
[5]LIU Z L,CHEN W,HE X Y.Influence of Cd2+on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence in a hyperaccumulator:Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2015,34(3):672-676
[6]FILEK M,GZYL-MALCHER B,ZEMBALA M,et al.Effect of selenium on characteristics of rape chloroplasts modified by cadmium[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167(1):28-33
[7]DALCORSO G.Heavy metal toxicity in plants[M]//FURINIA.Plants and Heavy Metals.Dordrecht:Springer,2012:1-25
[8]邓培雁,刘威,韩博平.宝山堇菜(Viola baoshanensis)镉胁迫下的光合作用[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1858-1862DENG P Y,LIU W,HAN B P.Photosynthesis of Viola baoshanensis under Cd stress[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1858-1862
[9]张然然,张鹏,都韶婷.镉毒害下植物氧化胁迫发生及其信号调控机制的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):981-992ZHANG R R,ZHANG P,DU S T.Oxidative stress-related signals and their regulation under Cd stress:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(3):981-992
[10]高宇,程潜,张梦君,等.镉污染土壤修复技术研究[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(10):103-110GAO Y,CHENG Q,ZHANG M J,et al.Research advance on remediation technology of cadmium contaminated soil[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2017,33(10):103-110
[11]王洪波,王成福,吴旭,等.磁化水滴灌对土壤盐分及玉米产量品质的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(4):762-768WANG H B,WANG F C,WU X,et al.Effects of drip irrigation with different magnetic water on soil salinity,maize yield and quality[J].Soils,2018,50(4):762-768
[12]GREWAL H S,MAHESHWARI B L.Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2011,32(1):58-65
[13]HOZAYN M,QADOS A M S A.Magnetic water application for improving wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)crop production[J].Agriculture and Biology Journal North America,2010,1(4):677-682
[14]刘秀梅,郭建曜,朱红,等.磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107离子稳态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2438-2444LIU X M,GUO J Y,ZHU H,et al.Ionic homeostasis of Populus×euramericanna‘Neva’influenced by irrigation with magnetized brackish water[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(8):2438-2444
[15]李金花,何燕,段建平,等.107杨对土壤重金属的吸收和富集[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):65-70LI J H,HE Y,DUAN J P,et al.Absorption and accumulation of heavy metal from soil by leaves of Populus×euramericana cv.‘Neva’plantation[J].Forest Research,2012,25(1):65-70
[16]万雪琴,张帆,夏新莉,等.镉处理对杨树光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(6):73-78WAN X Q,ZHANG F,XIA X L,et al.Effects of cadmium on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of solution-cultured poplar plants[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(6):73-78
[17]ABDEL-LATIF A.Cadmium induced changes in pigment content,ion uptake,proline content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in Triticum aestivum seedlings[J].Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,2008,2(1):57-62
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