基于物种多样性的杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度及混交比例研究
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摘要
以金洞林场杉木纯林、杉木-闽楠混交林为研究对象,对不同密度和混交比例的林分进行研究,将物种多样性指数作为衡量林分密度和混交比例是否合理的参考指标,为人工混交林的经营提供理论依据。采用典型抽样法,按其混交比例分为类型Ⅰ(10杉)、类型Ⅱ(9杉1楠)、类型Ⅲ(7杉3楠)、类型Ⅳ(5杉5楠)4种类型设置典型样地,同种类型林分设置3个密度等级,低密度(A:600～1 000株/hm2)、中密度(B:1 200～1 600株/hm2)、高密度(C:2 000～2 400株/hm2),对比分析其林下植被物种组成及多样性差异。结果表明:从类型Ⅰ至类型Ⅳ随着闽楠比例的增加其林下植被的物种数增加。林下灌木及草本Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数表现为类型Ⅳ>类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ。林分密度及混交比例与林下灌木及草本层的物种多样性指数呈显著(P <0.05)或极显著相关关系(P <0.01);拟合曲线表明林下植被Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Patrick丰富度指数达峰值时的闽楠比例为0.465～0.506,即闽楠比例在46.5%～50.6%之间其林下植被物种多样性达到最大值。物种多样性指数与密度及混交比例均具有显著或极显著相关关系,可将物种多样性作为确定杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度和混交比例的因子之一。当前阶段,金洞林场杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度为1 200～1 600株/hm2,杉木与闽楠的株数比例控制在0.97～1.10之间。
Taking pure Chinese fir forest and mixed Chinese fir-Phoebe bournei forest in Jindong forest farm as the research objects, this paper studied the stands with different densities and mixed proportions, and took the species diversity index as a reference index to judge whether the density and mixed proportions were reasonable or not, which provide theoretical basis for the management of artificial mixed forest. Typical sampling method was used to divide the mixed proportion into four types: type I(10 fir), type II(9 fir 1 Nan), type III(7 fir 3 Nan), type IV(5 fir 5 Nan).The same type of forest set three density grades, low density(A:600-1 000 plants/hm2). Medium density(B: 1 200-1 600 plants/hm2) and high density(C: 2 000-2 400 plants/hm2) were used to compare and analyze the species composition and diversity of understory vegetation. Results showed that the species number of understory vegetation increased with the increase of the proportion of Phoebe bournei from type I to type IV. Patrick richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index of undergrowth shrubs and herbs were type IV > type III > type II > type I. Species diversity index of shrubs and herbage layers was significantly(P < 0.05) or highly significant(P < 0.01) correlated with stand density and mixed proportion; the fitting curve indicates that Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Patrick richness index reached the maximum value when the proportion of Phoebe bournei were 0.465-0.506, that is, the proportion of Phoebe bournei was 46.5%-50.6% the species diversity reaches its maximum.Species diversity index has significant or extremely significant correlation with density and mixing proportion. Species diversity can be used as one of the factors to determine the optimum density and mixing proportion of Chinese fir-Phoebe bournei mixed forest. At present, the optimum density of the mixed forest of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei in Jindong forest farm is 1 200-1 600 plants/hm2, and the proportion of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei is controlled by 0.97-1.10.
Taking pure Chinese fir forest and mixed Chinese fir-Phoebe bournei forest in Jindong forest farm as the research objects, this paper studied the stands with different densities and mixed proportions, and took the species diversity index as a reference index to judge whether the density and mixed proportions were reasonable or not, which provide theoretical basis for the management of artificial mixed forest. Typical sampling method was used to divide the mixed proportion into four types: type I(10 fir), type II(9 fir 1 Nan), type III(7 fir 3 Nan), type IV(5 fir 5 Nan).The same type of forest set three density grades, low density(A:600-1 000 plants/hm2). Medium density(B: 1 200-1 600 plants/hm2) and high density(C: 2 000-2 400 plants/hm2) were used to compare and analyze the species composition and diversity of understory vegetation. Results showed that the species number of understory vegetation increased with the increase of the proportion of Phoebe bournei from type I to type IV. Patrick richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index of undergrowth shrubs and herbs were type IV > type III > type II > type I. Species diversity index of shrubs and herbage layers was significantly(P < 0.05) or highly significant(P < 0.01) correlated with stand density and mixed proportion; the fitting curve indicates that Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Patrick richness index reached the maximum value when the proportion of Phoebe bournei were 0.465-0.506, that is, the proportion of Phoebe bournei was 46.5%-50.6% the species diversity reaches its maximum.Species diversity index has significant or extremely significant correlation with density and mixing proportion. Species diversity can be used as one of the factors to determine the optimum density and mixing proportion of Chinese fir-Phoebe bournei mixed forest. At present, the optimum density of the mixed forest of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei in Jindong forest farm is 1 200-1 600 plants/hm2, and the proportion of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei is controlled by 0.97-1.10.
引文
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[18]李艳,姚小兰,郝建锋,等.林窗对川西周公山柳杉人工林林下物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1238-1245.
[19]张柳桦,齐锦秋,柳苹玉,等.林分密度对桉树人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(1):166-175.
[20]张俊艳,陆元昌,成克武,等.近自然改造对云南松人工林群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(3):72-77.
[21]吕勇.马尾松水保林的最适经营密度[J].中南林业调查规划,1996(2):19-22.
[22]李丽娜,赵丽,张文军,等.扎兰屯地区不同密度兴安落叶松人工林下物种多样性的研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(8):9-12.
[23]孙冬婧.间伐和套种阔叶树对杉木人工林生物量、物种多样性及地力的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2011.
[24]黄种明.闽楠、杉木不同混交比例造林试验研究[J].武夷科学,2006,22(1):112-116.
[25]田晓,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.模拟楠木杉木人工混交林不同混交比例对净生产力和碳储量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):122-130.
[2]卢正茂,袁玉明,吴江,等.不同人工针阔混交林林下物种多样性研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2010(1):28-30.
[3]张卫强,张卫华,潘文,等.桉树林和针阔混交林对植物多样性的影响比较[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):122-128.
[4]曲红,王百田,王棣,等.黄土区不同配置人工林物种多样性研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(4):843-848.
[5]崔宁洁,陈小红,刘洋,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下灌木和草本多样性[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4313-4323.
[6]李菁,骆有庆,石娟.基于生物多样性保护的兴安落叶松与白桦最佳混交比例--以阿尔山林区为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4943-4949.
[7]黎芳,潘萍,宁金魁,等.马尾松-木荷不同比例混交林林下植被物种组成及其多样性分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):34-40.
[8]石乐.金洞林场闽楠人工林目标树密度及生长特征研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2017.
[9]黄笑,李际平,赵春燕,等.不同林分类型闽楠人工林土壤养分对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(7):36-42.
[10]曹小玉,李际平.福寿林场杉木人工林林下植物物种多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):57-61.
[11]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,等.人为干扰对川西金凤山楠木次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6930-6942.
[12]苏小青.闽楠群落对不同强度干扰的生态响应[D].福州:福建农林大学,2007.
[13]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,等.不同林分密度下川北白云山地区喜树人工林的群落结构和物种多样性[J].植物研究,2015,35(5):772-778.
[14]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,等.海拔高度对江油地区杉木人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(12):2544-2552.
[15]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[16]潘旭东,吴英翔,张凤华.玛纳斯河流域绿洲盐漠带适生植物筛选及物种多样性研究[J].农学学报,2011,1(5):34-37.
[17]吕婧娴,王得祥,张宋智,等.小陇山林区不同密度油松人工林林下物种多样性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(11):49-56.
[18]李艳,姚小兰,郝建锋,等.林窗对川西周公山柳杉人工林林下物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1238-1245.
[19]张柳桦,齐锦秋,柳苹玉,等.林分密度对桉树人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(1):166-175.
[20]张俊艳,陆元昌,成克武,等.近自然改造对云南松人工林群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(3):72-77.
[21]吕勇.马尾松水保林的最适经营密度[J].中南林业调查规划,1996(2):19-22.
[22]李丽娜,赵丽,张文军,等.扎兰屯地区不同密度兴安落叶松人工林下物种多样性的研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(8):9-12.
[23]孙冬婧.间伐和套种阔叶树对杉木人工林生物量、物种多样性及地力的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2011.
[24]黄种明.闽楠、杉木不同混交比例造林试验研究[J].武夷科学,2006,22(1):112-116.
[25]田晓,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.模拟楠木杉木人工混交林不同混交比例对净生产力和碳储量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):122-130.