近直立特厚煤层组中间岩板诱发冲击矿压机理及其防治
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摘要
近直立特厚煤层具有煤层厚、赋存倾角大、煤层间岩石层坚硬的特点,在煤层组群联合开采过程中,煤层间岩板是诱发煤层采掘空间冲击矿压灾害发生的关键因素。通过研究煤岩体内微震事件与应力集中之间的关系,分析了煤层间岩板诱发冲击矿压的机制。采用弹性理论,建立了煤层间岩板破断力学模型,得到了岩板破断时能量计算公式。提出了降低岩板破断时悬顶尺寸,破坏煤岩体完整性,使煤岩体中的动静载叠加应力始终小于引发冲击矿压的临界值以下,从而避免岩板破断诱发冲击矿压的防冲机理。通过对煤层间岩板进行注水爆破和煤体注水,降低了岩板和煤层微震事件频率和能量值,卸压效果显著,有效避免了岩柱诱发冲击矿压。
Subvertical extra-thick coal seams are characterized by thick coal seams, large dip angles,and hard rock plates between coal seams. The rock plate between coal seams is a critical factor that leads to severe rock bursts in combined mining of coal seams. By studying the relation between stress concentration and microseisms in coal and rocks, the mechanism of rock bursts caused by rock plates between coal seams is analyzed. Based on the elasticity theory, the mechanical model of breaking in rock plates between coal seams is established, and the energy calculation formula of rock plate breaking is obtained. The prevention mechanism against rock bursts caused by the breaking of rock plates is proposed that the stacked stress of static and dynamic loads in coal and rock mass is always below the critical value of causing rock bursts through reducing the size of hanging rock plate and breaking the integ rity of coal and rock mass. Water injection and blasting in rock plates between coal seams and water injection in coal mass can reduce the frequency of microseisms and energy value in rock plates and coal seams, and remarkably relieve pressure, and effectively prevent the rock bursts caused by rock pillars.
Subvertical extra-thick coal seams are characterized by thick coal seams, large dip angles,and hard rock plates between coal seams. The rock plate between coal seams is a critical factor that leads to severe rock bursts in combined mining of coal seams. By studying the relation between stress concentration and microseisms in coal and rocks, the mechanism of rock bursts caused by rock plates between coal seams is analyzed. Based on the elasticity theory, the mechanical model of breaking in rock plates between coal seams is established, and the energy calculation formula of rock plate breaking is obtained. The prevention mechanism against rock bursts caused by the breaking of rock plates is proposed that the stacked stress of static and dynamic loads in coal and rock mass is always below the critical value of causing rock bursts through reducing the size of hanging rock plate and breaking the integ rity of coal and rock mass. Water injection and blasting in rock plates between coal seams and water injection in coal mass can reduce the frequency of microseisms and energy value in rock plates and coal seams, and remarkably relieve pressure, and effectively prevent the rock bursts caused by rock pillars.
引文
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[19]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.冲击矿压的声发射监测技术研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1262-1268.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Study of acoustic emission monitoring technology for rockburst[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(4):1262-1268.
[2]张宏伟,荣海,陈建强,等.基于地质动力区划的近直立特厚煤层冲击地压危险性评价[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(12):2755-2762.ZHANG Hongwei,RONG Hai,CHEN Jianqiang,et al.Risk assessment of rockburst based on geo-dynamic division method in suberect and extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(12):2755-2762.
[3]来兴平,刘彪,陈建强,等.急倾斜特厚煤层层间岩柱动力学失稳诱灾倾向预测[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(3):277-283.LAI Xingping,LIU Biao,CHEN Jianqiang,et al.Induced hazard-prone prediction to the intermediate rock-pillar dynamic instability in heavy steep-thick coal seam[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science&Technology,2015,35(3):277-283.
[4]蓝航,杜涛涛,彭永伟,等.浅埋深回采工作面冲击地压发生机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(10):1618-1623.LAN Hang,DU Taotao,PENG Yongwei,et al.Rockburst mechanism and prevention in working face of shallow buried coal-seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(10):1618-1623.
[5]鞠文君,李前,魏东,等.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采矿压特征[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(5):558-561.JU Wenjun,LI Qian,WEI Dong,et al.Pressure character in caving steep-inclined and extremely thick coal seam with horizontally grouped top-coal drawing mining method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(5):558-561.
[6]郝育喜.乌东近直立煤层组冲击地压及恒阻大变形防冲支护研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2016.
[7]张鹏海,杨天鸿,郑超,等.基于采动应力场与微震活动性的岩体稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):183-188.ZHANG Penghai,YANG Tianhong,ZHENG Chao,et al.Analysis of surrounding rock stability based on mining stress field and microseismicity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):183-188.
[8]夏永学,潘俊锋,王元杰,等.基于高精度微震监测的煤岩破裂与应力分布特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):239-243.XIA Yongxue,PAN Junfeng,WANG Yuanjie,et al.Study of rule of surrounding rock failure and stress distribution based on high-precision microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):239-243.
[9]来兴平,李云鹏,王宁波,等.基于梁结构的急斜煤层综放工作面顶板变形特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):871-876.LAI Xingping,LI Yunpeng,WANG Ningbo,et al.Roof deformation characteristics with full-mechanized caving face based on beam structure in extremely inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):871-876.
[10]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1469-1476.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al.Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1469-1476.
[11]高明仕,赵国栋,刘波涛,等.煤巷围岩冲击矿压震动效应的爆破类比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):637-643.GAO Mingshi,ZHAO Guodong,LIU Botao,et al.Blasting analogical experiment study on the vibration effects of rock burst in coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):637-643.
[12]齐庆新,欧阳振华,赵善坤,等.我国冲击地压矿井类型及防治方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):1-5.QI Qingxin,OUYANG Zhenhua,ZHAO Shankun,et al.Study on types of rock burst mine and prevention methods in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):1-5.
[13]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979:3-6.
[14]潘一山.煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压复合动力灾害一体化研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):105-112.PAN Yishan.Integrated study on compound dynamic disaster of coal-gas outburst and rockburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):105-112.
[15]胡善超,周辉,谭云亮,等.考虑体积应力效应的大理岩硬化软化力学模型[J].岩土力学,2016,37(3):647-654.HU Shanchao,ZHOU hui,TAN Yunliang,et al.Hardening/softening mechanical model of marbles considering volumetric stress effect[J].Rock&Soil Mechanics,2016,37(3):647-654.
[16]潘立友,黄寿卿,陈理强,等.近距离煤层群高瓦斯工作面瓦斯立体抽放模型的建立和应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1461-1465.PAN Liyou,HUANG Shouqing,CHEN Liqiang,et al.Establishment and application of the stereo drainage model for high gas working face of short distance seam group[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1461-1465.
[17]SONG Dazhao,WANG Enyuan,LIU Zhentang,et al.Numerical simulation of rock-burst relief and prevention by water-jet cutting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,70(9):318-331.
[18]康天合,张建平,白世伟.综放开采预注水弱化顶煤的理论研究及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2615-2621.KANG Tianhe,ZHANG Jianping,BAI Shiwei.Theoretical study and application of weakening top coal using water pre-infusion in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2615-2621.
[19]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.冲击矿压的声发射监测技术研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1262-1268.HE Hu,DOU Linming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Study of acoustic emission monitoring technology for rockburst[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(4):1262-1268.