美容医学的伦理哲思
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摘要
美容医学是一门新兴的学科,在认可了美容医学带来的"身心解放"内在价值的基础之上,提出了对美容医学发展的一种伦理反思。针对当前不正常和过度的求美现象,从义务论和功利论的视角分别分析了美容医学可能存在的伦理问题,例如,在义务论看来,美容医学似乎成为了一种文化殖民和技术命令,在功利论看来,外表并不能等同于幸福和自我的价值。最后,提出了"中值理论"作为解决当前问题的新路径,强调了真正的生命之美应该是形式和内容的高度统一。
Aesthetic medicine is a new arising discipline.Based on the acknowledgement of the liberation of body and soul brought by aesthetic medicine,an ethical reflection on the development of aesthetic medicine was posed.For the phenomenon of abnormal and excessive pursuing beauty,this paper analyzed the ethical problems from the perspective of deontology and utilitarian.For example,aesthetic medicine has become culture colonialism from deontological view and the appearance cannot be equal with happiness and self-value from utilitarian view.Mediate theory was posed to solve the ethical problems of aesthetic medicine.Finally,this paper emphasized that the real life beauty should be the unify of form and content.
Aesthetic medicine is a new arising discipline.Based on the acknowledgement of the liberation of body and soul brought by aesthetic medicine,an ethical reflection on the development of aesthetic medicine was posed.For the phenomenon of abnormal and excessive pursuing beauty,this paper analyzed the ethical problems from the perspective of deontology and utilitarian.For example,aesthetic medicine has become culture colonialism from deontological view and the appearance cannot be equal with happiness and self-value from utilitarian view.Mediate theory was posed to solve the ethical problems of aesthetic medicine.Finally,this paper emphasized that the real life beauty should be the unify of form and content.
引文
[1]江璇.人类增强技术的发展与伦理挑战[J].自然辩证法研究,2014,30(5):43-48.
[2]马先松.器官移植伦理[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(10A):45-47.
[3]曹志明,胡葵葵.美容医学整体学科的形成发展[J].中华医学美学美容杂志,2017,23(1):53-54.
[4]彭庆星,刘林嶓,王向义,等.医学美学与美容医学名词[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2015:25.
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[7]舒斯特曼.身体美学和乌托邦式的身体[J].刘检,译.世界哲学,2011(5):21-29.
[8]张再林,李学军.论舒斯特曼的身体美学思想[J].世界哲学,2011(6):61-71.
[9]程新宇.女性的身体和女性的尊严:医学整形美容的伦理省思[J].华中科技大学学报,2014,28(2):120-125.
[10]欧阳灿灿.欧美身体研究述评[J].外国文学评论,2008(2):24-34.
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[12]江璇.人体增强技术与良善生活的身体伦理维度探析[J].伦理学研究,2014(1):114-117.
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[14]奚红.美容医学伦理问题研究[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2011,32(6):17-21.
[15]刘珠媛,周蕾.医学美容临床应用的伦理问题探讨[J].医学与哲学,2016,37(10A):37-40.
[16]RICHARD J P.Self-esteem from a scalpel,the ethics of plastic surgery[J].Chris Res J,2010,33(4):1-7.
[17]姜秀华.对女性身体再造的文化评析[J].妇女研究论丛,2003(3):37-46.
[18]CRESSIDA J H.Self-transformations:Foucault,ethics,and normalized bodies[M].New York:Oxford University,2007:78-82.
[19]FOUCAULT M.Discipline&Punish:The Birth of the Prison[M].New York:Pantheon Books,1977.
[20]TWENGE J M,GENTILE B,DEWALL C N,et al.Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans,1938-2007:A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI[J].Clin Psychol Rev,2009,30(2):145-154.
[21]LIPWORTH L,NYREN O,YE W,et al.Excess mortality from suicide and other external causes of death among women with cosmetic breast implants[J].Ann Plast Surg,2007,59(2):119-123.
[22]ROBERTA H.A review of psychosocial outcomes for patients seeking cosmetic surgery[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2004,113(4):1229-1237.
[23]VIRGINIA B.Flesh wounds:The culture of cosmetic surgery[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,2003:269-270.
[24]陈俊名,徐皓,赵盛男,等.解读躯体症状:重新认识躯体症状障碍[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(9B):63-65.
[25]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译.北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[26]KASS L.Beyond therapy:Biotechnology and the pursuit of happiness[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2003:54-56.
[27]布尔克.西方伦理学史[M].黄慰愿,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2016:212-215.
[28]亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭,译.北京:商务印书馆,1965:275.
[29]余仕麟.孔子“中庸”思想与亚里士多德“中道”思想之比较[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2003(S1):16-22.
[30]赵永耀.美容医学伦理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:89.
[2]马先松.器官移植伦理[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(10A):45-47.
[3]曹志明,胡葵葵.美容医学整体学科的形成发展[J].中华医学美学美容杂志,2017,23(1):53-54.
[4]彭庆星,刘林嶓,王向义,等.医学美学与美容医学名词[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2015:25.
[5]MCCABE S E.Illicit Use of Opioid Analgesics by High School Seniors[J].J Subst Abuse Treat,2005,28(3):225-230.
[6]ROLAND B.Roland Barthes[M].New York:Hilland Wang,1977:98.
[7]舒斯特曼.身体美学和乌托邦式的身体[J].刘检,译.世界哲学,2011(5):21-29.
[8]张再林,李学军.论舒斯特曼的身体美学思想[J].世界哲学,2011(6):61-71.
[9]程新宇.女性的身体和女性的尊严:医学整形美容的伦理省思[J].华中科技大学学报,2014,28(2):120-125.
[10]欧阳灿灿.欧美身体研究述评[J].外国文学评论,2008(2):24-34.
[11]汪民安,陈永国.后身体文化、权力和生命政治学[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2011:56.
[12]江璇.人体增强技术与良善生活的身体伦理维度探析[J].伦理学研究,2014(1):114-117.
[13]罗国平.人造美女的“恐怖色彩”[N].厦门晚报,2004-03-10(3).
[14]奚红.美容医学伦理问题研究[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2011,32(6):17-21.
[15]刘珠媛,周蕾.医学美容临床应用的伦理问题探讨[J].医学与哲学,2016,37(10A):37-40.
[16]RICHARD J P.Self-esteem from a scalpel,the ethics of plastic surgery[J].Chris Res J,2010,33(4):1-7.
[17]姜秀华.对女性身体再造的文化评析[J].妇女研究论丛,2003(3):37-46.
[18]CRESSIDA J H.Self-transformations:Foucault,ethics,and normalized bodies[M].New York:Oxford University,2007:78-82.
[19]FOUCAULT M.Discipline&Punish:The Birth of the Prison[M].New York:Pantheon Books,1977.
[20]TWENGE J M,GENTILE B,DEWALL C N,et al.Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans,1938-2007:A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI[J].Clin Psychol Rev,2009,30(2):145-154.
[21]LIPWORTH L,NYREN O,YE W,et al.Excess mortality from suicide and other external causes of death among women with cosmetic breast implants[J].Ann Plast Surg,2007,59(2):119-123.
[22]ROBERTA H.A review of psychosocial outcomes for patients seeking cosmetic surgery[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2004,113(4):1229-1237.
[23]VIRGINIA B.Flesh wounds:The culture of cosmetic surgery[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,2003:269-270.
[24]陈俊名,徐皓,赵盛男,等.解读躯体症状:重新认识躯体症状障碍[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(9B):63-65.
[25]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译.北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[26]KASS L.Beyond therapy:Biotechnology and the pursuit of happiness[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2003:54-56.
[27]布尔克.西方伦理学史[M].黄慰愿,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2016:212-215.
[28]亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭,译.北京:商务印书馆,1965:275.
[29]余仕麟.孔子“中庸”思想与亚里士多德“中道”思想之比较[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2003(S1):16-22.
[30]赵永耀.美容医学伦理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:89.