牦牛暖棚的调研与建议
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摘要
暖棚是我国高寒草原牦牛越冬度春的重要设施,相对舒适的棚内热环境降低了牦牛在寒冷环境下的能量消耗和死亡率。在四川省红原县的调研结果显示:暖棚的确具有一定的增温效果,夜间棚内外存在4.0~7.7℃的平均温差,减少了病弱幼等牦牛的死亡率。然而,设计不合理、选用建材不合适、忽视施工质量、不注重使用管理等问题,导致暖棚不能充分发挥应用的效能,棚内热环境远未达到牦牛生长需求。因此,根据调研结果和牧民使用需求,在设计、选材和管理方面提出一些改善建议,以更好地发挥暖棚的效能。
Warm sheds are the important equipments for yaks to survive in cold winter and spring in severe cold pasturing areas at high latitude in China. A relative comfort thermal environment in sheds enables yaks to resist cold climate with less energy and so more yaks can survive. The results of the on-site survey in Hongyuan County of Sichuan Province showed that indeed warm sheds was calefacient by providing a comforter indoor environment than outdoor, with 4.0~7.7 difference in temperature, and℃ in some degree reduce the mortality rate of silk yaks, weak yaks, infants, etc. However, some problems, for example unreasonable design, improper building materials, low construction quality, nonstandard application and management, etc, induced that the sheds could not function well to help yaks and the indoor thermal environment was far from the demand of yaks' growth. Therefore, according to the investigation results and the application requirements of herdsmen, some suggestions were proposed to improve sheds' function from better design, selection of building materials and management.
Warm sheds are the important equipments for yaks to survive in cold winter and spring in severe cold pasturing areas at high latitude in China. A relative comfort thermal environment in sheds enables yaks to resist cold climate with less energy and so more yaks can survive. The results of the on-site survey in Hongyuan County of Sichuan Province showed that indeed warm sheds was calefacient by providing a comforter indoor environment than outdoor, with 4.0~7.7 difference in temperature, and℃ in some degree reduce the mortality rate of silk yaks, weak yaks, infants, etc. However, some problems, for example unreasonable design, improper building materials, low construction quality, nonstandard application and management, etc, induced that the sheds could not function well to help yaks and the indoor thermal environment was far from the demand of yaks' growth. Therefore, according to the investigation results and the application requirements of herdsmen, some suggestions were proposed to improve sheds' function from better design, selection of building materials and management.
引文
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[8]拉旦,乔安海,时善明,等.青海高寒牧区畜棚育肥牦牛增重试验[J].青海草业,2010,19(2):7-8.
[9]杨什布加,保善科,赵索南,等.青海湖北岸牧区牦牛冷季暖棚加补饲效果观察[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(8):124.
[10]Q M Dong,X Q Zhao,Y S Ma,et al.Live-weight gain,apparent digestibility,and economic benefits of yaks fed different diets during winter on the Tibetan plateau[J].Livestock Science,2006,101:199-207.
[11]张荣昶,胡江.牦牛生产技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2006:124.
[2]董全民,赵新全,徐世晓,等.高寒牧区牦牛冬季暖棚育肥试验研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2003,33(2):5-7.
[3]谢荣清,郑群英,罗光荣.牦牛冷季减损保膘有效措施的研究[J].中国草食动物,2005,25(4):29-30.
[4]勒格措,求准,王科,等.高寒牧区牲畜暖棚的建设与利用[J].当代畜牧,2013,(2):13-14.
[5]张三明.建筑物理[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2013:399-404.
[6]李英年,皮南林.青海牧区暖棚热效应分析与讨论[J].家畜生态,1993,14(4):7-10.
[7]丁晓涛.开展暖棚养畜技术研究示范,促进草地畜牧业持续稳定发展[J].四川草原,1998,(4):30-32.
[8]拉旦,乔安海,时善明,等.青海高寒牧区畜棚育肥牦牛增重试验[J].青海草业,2010,19(2):7-8.
[9]杨什布加,保善科,赵索南,等.青海湖北岸牧区牦牛冷季暖棚加补饲效果观察[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,(8):124.
[10]Q M Dong,X Q Zhao,Y S Ma,et al.Live-weight gain,apparent digestibility,and economic benefits of yaks fed different diets during winter on the Tibetan plateau[J].Livestock Science,2006,101:199-207.
[11]张荣昶,胡江.牦牛生产技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2006:124.