铁路正交异性桥面加劲肋-横隔板局部疲劳受力特性研究
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摘要
正交异性钢桥面因整体性好、承载力强等优势在铁路大跨度桁梁及箱梁斜拉桥、拱桥等桥型中应用越来越广泛,其疲劳特性与公路桥面具有显著的差异。针对铁路正交异性钢桥面加劲肋与横隔板连接处的疲劳敏感区,通过弹性支撑梁理论及闭口薄壁杆件理论分析其局部受力特征,提出了加劲肋疲劳敏感部位面内疲劳应力的解析公式,分析了解析公式中各疲劳影响因素的影响程度及作用机理。基于甬江特大桥——大跨度铁路斜拉桥的钢箱梁正交异性桥面设计了包含2个U肋及2个V肋的正交异性桥面疲劳试验模型,并进行了560万次疲劳加载。研究结果表明:解析公式与有限元分析、试验测试结果相符良好;试验模型测试结果能准确反映疲劳敏感点的应力情况,解析理论则能够反映疲劳敏感点应力的影响因素与规律;在铁路荷载下,加劲肋与横隔板的焊缝长度和加劲肋腹板倾角的增大能够有效降低加劲肋的疲劳应力幅;在铁路正交异性钢桥面板中面积相近、抗弯刚度相等的V肋比U肋具有更好的抗疲劳工作性能。
Orthotropic steel decks have been widely used in long-span truss girder and box girder cable-stayed bridges and arch bridges duo to their good integrity and high bearing capacity, while the fatigue characteristics of railway orthotropic steel deck are significantly different from those of highway bridges. According to the fatigue-prone details in rib-to-diaphragm joints of a railway steel bridge, the local stress properties were investigated by using elastic support beam theory and closed thin-walled bar theory. Furthermore, the analytic formula for calculating the fatigue stress of fatigue-prone details in the stiffener was presented. Then the influence degree and action mechanism of various fatigue factors included in analytic formula were also analyzed. Based on the orthotropic steel deck in Yongjiang Great Bridge, a large span railway cable-stayed bridge with steel box girders, a full-scale fatigue test model including 2 U-ribs and 2 V-ribs was designed, and 5.6 million cycles of fatigue test were performed. The results revealed that the analytic formula is in good agreement with finite element analysis and test results. The experiment model could accurately simulate the stress of the fatiguesensitive point in a practical structure, and analytic theory can reflect the influence factors and rules. The weld length of rib-to-diaphragm connections and the inclination of rib plate can effectively reduce the fatigue stress of a rib when exposed to train load. The V-rib has better anti-fatigue performance than the U-rib in a railway orthotropic steel deck when the area and the bending stiffness of two types of rib scheme keep the same.
Orthotropic steel decks have been widely used in long-span truss girder and box girder cable-stayed bridges and arch bridges duo to their good integrity and high bearing capacity, while the fatigue characteristics of railway orthotropic steel deck are significantly different from those of highway bridges. According to the fatigue-prone details in rib-to-diaphragm joints of a railway steel bridge, the local stress properties were investigated by using elastic support beam theory and closed thin-walled bar theory. Furthermore, the analytic formula for calculating the fatigue stress of fatigue-prone details in the stiffener was presented. Then the influence degree and action mechanism of various fatigue factors included in analytic formula were also analyzed. Based on the orthotropic steel deck in Yongjiang Great Bridge, a large span railway cable-stayed bridge with steel box girders, a full-scale fatigue test model including 2 U-ribs and 2 V-ribs was designed, and 5.6 million cycles of fatigue test were performed. The results revealed that the analytic formula is in good agreement with finite element analysis and test results. The experiment model could accurately simulate the stress of the fatiguesensitive point in a practical structure, and analytic theory can reflect the influence factors and rules. The weld length of rib-to-diaphragm connections and the inclination of rib plate can effectively reduce the fatigue stress of a rib when exposed to train load. The V-rib has better anti-fatigue performance than the U-rib in a railway orthotropic steel deck when the area and the bending stiffness of two types of rib scheme keep the same.
引文
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[13]朱太勇,周广东,张欢,等.钢箱梁正交异性桥面板疲劳评估全空间S-N曲线研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(11):210-217.Zhu Taiyong,Zhou Guangdong,Zhang Huan,et al.A full range S-N curve for fatigue evaluation of orthotropic bridge decks in steel box-girders[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(11):210-217.(in Chinese)
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[18]李翠娟,卫星,强士中.平行四边形闭口薄壁杆件的空间力学行为[J].西南交通大学学报,2010,45(3):351-356.Li Cuijuan,Wei Xing,Qiang Shizhong.Spatial mechanical behavior of thin-walled members with parallelogram closed cross section[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2010,45(3):351-356.(in Chinese)
[19]胡启平,涂佳黄,梁经群.组合断面薄壁杆件弯扭耦合分析[J].工程力学,2010,27(7):52-55.Hu Qiping,Xu Jiahuang,Liang Jingqun.Bendingtorsion coupling analysis of the composite section thin-walled bar structure[J].Engineering Mechanics.2010,27(7):52-55.(in Chinese)
[20]刘建廷.公铁两用斜拉桥斜桁平行四边形闭口截面弦杆受力机理研究[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(1):50-55.Liu Jianting.Study of mechanical mechanism of parallelogram closed section chords of inclined truss of rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(1):50-55.(in Chinese))
[21]Chan H C,Kuang J S.Torsional behaviour of braced thin-walled open sections[J].Thin-Walled Structures,1988,6(4):343-354.
[22]Mackenzie D,Boyle J T.A simple pipe bend element for piping flexibility analysis[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,1992,51(1):85-106.
[23]黄永辉,王荣辉,甘泉.钢桁梁桥整体节点焊接残余应力试验[J].中国公路学报,2011,24(1):83-88.Huang Yonghui,Wang Ronghui,Gan Quan.Welding residual stress test of steel truss bridge[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2011,24(1):83-88.(in Chinese)
[24]强斌,李亚东,顾颖,等.钢桥对接焊缝残余应力及变形场数值分析与试验验证[J].铁道学报,2017,39(9):134-139.Qiang Bin,Li Yadong,Gu Ying,et al.Numerical analysis and test verification of residual stress and deformation field of bridge butt weld[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(9):134-139.(in Chinese)
[2]Wolchuk R.Lessons from weld cracks in orthotropic decks on three European bridges[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1990, 116(1):75-84.
[3]Zhang Q,Cui C,Bu Y,etal.Fatigue tests and fatigue assessment approaches for rib-to-diaphragm in steel orthotropic decks[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2015, 114:110-118.
[4]王春生,付炳宁,张芹,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺疲劳试验[J].中国公路学报, 2013, 26(2):69-76.Wang Chunsheng, Fu Bingning, Zhang Qin, et al. Fatigue test on full-scale orthotropic steel bridge deck[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013, 26(2):69-76.(in Chinese)
[5]Farreras-Alcover I, Chryssanthopoulos M K, Andersen J E.Data-based models for fatigue reliability of orthotropic steel bridge decks based on temperature,traffic and strain monitoring[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2017, 95:104-119.
[6]陈斌,邵旭东,曹君辉.正交异性钢桥面疲劳开裂研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(12):170-174.Chen Bin,Shao Xudong,Cao Junhui.Study of fatigue cracking for orthotropic steel bridge deck[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(12):170-174.(in Chinese)
[7]曾志斌.正交异性钢桥面板典型疲劳裂纹分类及其原因分析[J].钢结构,2011,26(2):9-15.Zeng Zhibin.Classification and reasons of typical fatigue cracks in orthotropic steel deck[J].Steel Construction,2011,26(2):9-15.(in Chinese)
[8]张清华,卜一之,李乔.正交异性钢桥面板疲劳问题的研究进展[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(3):14-30,39.Zhang Qinghua,Bu Yizhi,Li Qiao.Review on fatigue problems of orthotropic steel bridge deck[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(3):14-30,39.(in Chinese)
[9]Miki C.Fatigue damage in orthotropic steel bridge decks and retrofit works[J].International Journal of Steel Structures,2006,6(4):255-267.
[10]Li M,Suzuki Y,Hashimoto K,et al.Experimental study on fatigue resistance of rib-to-deck joint in orthotropic steel bridge deck[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2017,23(2):1-10.
[11]Aygül M,Al-Emrani M,Urushadze S.Modelling and fatigue life assessment of orthotropic bridge deck details using FEM[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2012,40(7):129-142.
[12]叶华文,徐勋,强士中,等.开口肋正交异性钢桥面疲劳设计参数研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(3):379-386.Ye Huawen,Xu Xun,Qiang Shizhong,et al.Fatigue design parameters for orthotropic steel decks of single plane cable-stayed bridges[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2012,47(3):379-386.(in Chinese)
[13]朱太勇,周广东,张欢,等.钢箱梁正交异性桥面板疲劳评估全空间S-N曲线研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(11):210-217.Zhu Taiyong,Zhou Guangdong,Zhang Huan,et al.A full range S-N curve for fatigue evaluation of orthotropic bridge decks in steel box-girders[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(11):210-217.(in Chinese)
[14]袁周致远,吉伯海,杨沐野,等.正交异性钢桥面板顶板竖向加劲肋焊接接头疲劳性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(2):69-76.Yuanzhou Zhiyuan,Ji Bohai,Yang Muye,et al.Study on fatigue performance of welded joints for out-of-plane gusset in orthotropic steel bridge decks[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(2):69-76.(in Chinese)
[15]陶晓燕.正交异性钢桥面板节段模型疲劳性能试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):22-26.Tao Xiaoyan.Experimental study on the fatigue performance of the section model of orthotropic steel bridge deck[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(4):22-26.(in Chinese)
[16]高立强.铁路桥钢箱梁正交异性桥面板的静力行为与疲劳性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013:1-178.Gao Liqiang.Study on static structural behavior and fatigue performance of orthotropic deck of steel box girder for railway bridge[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2013:1-178.(in Chinese)
[17]李国跃,吕凤梧.双肢缀板钢格构立柱的整体稳定分析[J].土木工程学报,2002(4):17-19,35.Li Guoyue,LüFengwu.The overall stability of a battened plate column[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002(4):17-19,35.(in Chinese)
[18]李翠娟,卫星,强士中.平行四边形闭口薄壁杆件的空间力学行为[J].西南交通大学学报,2010,45(3):351-356.Li Cuijuan,Wei Xing,Qiang Shizhong.Spatial mechanical behavior of thin-walled members with parallelogram closed cross section[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2010,45(3):351-356.(in Chinese)
[19]胡启平,涂佳黄,梁经群.组合断面薄壁杆件弯扭耦合分析[J].工程力学,2010,27(7):52-55.Hu Qiping,Xu Jiahuang,Liang Jingqun.Bendingtorsion coupling analysis of the composite section thin-walled bar structure[J].Engineering Mechanics.2010,27(7):52-55.(in Chinese)
[20]刘建廷.公铁两用斜拉桥斜桁平行四边形闭口截面弦杆受力机理研究[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(1):50-55.Liu Jianting.Study of mechanical mechanism of parallelogram closed section chords of inclined truss of rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(1):50-55.(in Chinese))
[21]Chan H C,Kuang J S.Torsional behaviour of braced thin-walled open sections[J].Thin-Walled Structures,1988,6(4):343-354.
[22]Mackenzie D,Boyle J T.A simple pipe bend element for piping flexibility analysis[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,1992,51(1):85-106.
[23]黄永辉,王荣辉,甘泉.钢桁梁桥整体节点焊接残余应力试验[J].中国公路学报,2011,24(1):83-88.Huang Yonghui,Wang Ronghui,Gan Quan.Welding residual stress test of steel truss bridge[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2011,24(1):83-88.(in Chinese)
[24]强斌,李亚东,顾颖,等.钢桥对接焊缝残余应力及变形场数值分析与试验验证[J].铁道学报,2017,39(9):134-139.Qiang Bin,Li Yadong,Gu Ying,et al.Numerical analysis and test verification of residual stress and deformation field of bridge butt weld[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(9):134-139.(in Chinese)