大型筒节升梯式临界区正火热处理工艺
|
摘要
针对加氢反应器大型筒节经轧制成型后心部易出现混晶和粗晶组织和当前等温式正火工艺热处理周期长、能源消耗大两大问题,提出升梯式正火热处理方案,并与传统的等温式正火热处理制度下组织和力学性能进行对比。研究结果表明:升梯式临界区高温侧正火对降低混晶度的效果优于等温式正火的效果,其热处理后平均晶粒粒径为31μm;升梯式临界区高温侧正火热处理后在晶界处析出部分渗碳体,对晶界起到钉扎强化作用,晶粒内部渗碳体球化和均匀化效果好;经升梯式正火热处理后材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和-30℃夏比冲击吸收功分别为655 MPa,729 MPa和162 J,其低温冲击断口塑性脊数量明显,综合力学性能与等温式正火的相当;与等温式正火工艺相比,升梯式临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可将正火保温时间缩短30%,正火加热温度降低,大大降低了能源消耗。
The lift type critical region normalizing(LTCRN) heat treatment process(HTP) was put forward based on the fact the center part of heavy cylinder was prone to mixed grain and crystal grain structure, long period of heat treatment, large energy consumption after the isotherm type austenite region normalizing(ITARN) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties were verified by the proposed HTP method. The results show that the LTCRN on eliminating mixed grain is better than that with ITARN method, and the average grain size is 31 μm after the heat treatment. Also, part of cementite precipitation on the grain boundary plays a pining and strengthening role of the grain boundary and the cementite spheroidization and homogenization inside the grain is also more effective. Besides, the yield strength, tensile strength and the-30 ℃ charpy impact energy of the heavy cylinder material are 655 MPa, 729 MPa and 162 J respectively after the LTCRN HTP, with significantly more plastic ridge and the comprehensive mechanical properties are the same as the ITARN method. Compared with the ITARN, the holding time of LTCRN can be shortened by 30% and the normalizing temperature is also decreased, which greatly reduces the energy consumption.
The lift type critical region normalizing(LTCRN) heat treatment process(HTP) was put forward based on the fact the center part of heavy cylinder was prone to mixed grain and crystal grain structure, long period of heat treatment, large energy consumption after the isotherm type austenite region normalizing(ITARN) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties were verified by the proposed HTP method. The results show that the LTCRN on eliminating mixed grain is better than that with ITARN method, and the average grain size is 31 μm after the heat treatment. Also, part of cementite precipitation on the grain boundary plays a pining and strengthening role of the grain boundary and the cementite spheroidization and homogenization inside the grain is also more effective. Besides, the yield strength, tensile strength and the-30 ℃ charpy impact energy of the heavy cylinder material are 655 MPa, 729 MPa and 162 J respectively after the LTCRN HTP, with significantly more plastic ridge and the comprehensive mechanical properties are the same as the ITARN method. Compared with the ITARN, the holding time of LTCRN can be shortened by 30% and the normalizing temperature is also decreased, which greatly reduces the energy consumption.
引文
[1]PEI Xinhua,ZHOU Liping,LIU Xuewei.Analysis of edge microstructure characteristics and stamping formability of low carbon pickled steel sheets[J].Baosteel Technical Research,2014,8(2):36-40.
[2]GUAN Yingping,WANG Zhenhua,WU Bin,et al.Mechanism and inhibition of grain coarsening of Al-Mg-Si alloy in hot forming[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series),2013,20(3):67-74.
[3]LI Quan,LIU Zhengdong,TANG Guangbo,et al.Mathematical model of microstructure evolution of X60 line pipe steel during CSP hot rolling[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2010,17(1):70-78.
[4]蔺永诚,陈明松,钟掘.压下率对42Cr Mo钢塑性成形与微结构演化的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(5):1005-1010.LIN Yongcheng,CHEN Mingsong,ZHONG Jue.Effects of deformation degree on plastic formation and microstructure evolution of 42Cr Mo steel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(5):1005-1010.
[5]吴庆辉,杨忠民,杨超飞,等.轧后热处理温度对热轧钢轨组织和性能的影响[J].钢铁,2012,47(12):59-63.WU Qinghuai,YANG Zhangmin,YANG Chaofei,et al.Effect of thermal treatment temperature on microstructure and properties of hot rolled rail steel[J].Iron and Steel,2012,47(12):59-63.
[6]LIU Yurong,YE Dong,YONG Qilong.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and property of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2011,18(11):60-66.
[7]潘健生,顾剑锋,王婧.我国热处理发展战略的探讨[J].金属热处理,2013,38(1):4-14.PAN Jiansheng,GUO Jianfeng,WANG Jing.Discussion of heat treatment development strategy in China[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(1):4-14.
[8]何西扣,白天,刘正东,等.加热速度和冷却方式对508-3钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(20):204-205.HE Xikou,BAI Tian,LIU Zhengdong,et al.Effect of heating rate and cooling mode on austenite grain size of 508-3 steel[J].Hot Working Technology,2013,42(20):204-205.
[9]吴琼,孙大乐.半高速钢冷轧辊材料的锻后淬火工艺[J].钢铁,2011,46(8):68-72.WU Qiong,SUN Dale.Ausform hardening process of Semi-HSS cold forged roll material[J].Iron and Steel,2011,46(8):68-72.
[10]胡广岐,王志刚,胡天江.国产2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V钢热处理工艺试验研究[J].石油化工设备,2012,41(2):23-26.HU Guangqi,WANG Zhigang,HU Tianjiang.Test study of domestic 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V steel heat treatment process[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2012,41(2):23-26.
[11]李阳华,李红英,鲁晓超,等.奥氏体化工艺对V150油套管强韧性的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(9):3625-3633.LI Yanghua,LI Hongying,LU Xiaochao,et al.Effect of austenitizing process on strength and toughness of V150 grade oil casing[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(9):3625-3633.
[12]宋传宝,金嘉瑜,刘志颖,等.300 MW汽轮机低压转子晶粒细化与均匀化的热处理工艺方法研究[J].大型铸锻件,1998(4):34-37.SONG Chuanbao,JIN Jiayu,LIU Zhiying,et al.Research of heat treatment process of grain refinement and homogenization on 300 MW steam turbine low pressure rotor[J].Large Casting and Forging,1998(4):34-37.
[13]郭建.2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢的组织与性能[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学材料科学与工程学院,2004:30-31.GUO Jian.Microstructure and mechanical properties of2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University.School of Materials Science and Engineering,2004:30-31.
[14]张帅,任毅,王爽,等.热处理工艺对X80热煨弯管用钢组织性能的影响[J].钢铁,2011,46(5):81-84.ZHANG Shuai,REN Yi,WANG Shuang,et al.Effect of heat treatment parameters on performance and microstructure of X80hot bended pipe steels[J].Iron and Steel,2011,46(5):81-84.
[15]衣海龙,孙明雪,徐洋,等.轧制工艺对Q690工程机械用钢低温冲击功的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(10):34-37.YI Hailong,SUN Mingxue,XU Yang,et al.Effect of rolling process on low temperature impact energy for a Q690construction machinery steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(10):34-37.
[16]鲍俭,杨卯生,王华昆.热处理工艺对20Cr14Co12Mo5轴承钢力学性能的影响[J].钢铁,2010,45(1):91-95.BAO Jian,YANG Maosheng,WANG Huakun.Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of bearing steel20Cr14Co12Mo5[J].Iron and Steel,2010,45(1):91-95.
[17]钟群鹏,赵子华.断口学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-12.ZHONG Qunpeng,ZHAO Zihua.Fractography[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:1-12.
[2]GUAN Yingping,WANG Zhenhua,WU Bin,et al.Mechanism and inhibition of grain coarsening of Al-Mg-Si alloy in hot forming[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series),2013,20(3):67-74.
[3]LI Quan,LIU Zhengdong,TANG Guangbo,et al.Mathematical model of microstructure evolution of X60 line pipe steel during CSP hot rolling[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2010,17(1):70-78.
[4]蔺永诚,陈明松,钟掘.压下率对42Cr Mo钢塑性成形与微结构演化的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(5):1005-1010.LIN Yongcheng,CHEN Mingsong,ZHONG Jue.Effects of deformation degree on plastic formation and microstructure evolution of 42Cr Mo steel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(5):1005-1010.
[5]吴庆辉,杨忠民,杨超飞,等.轧后热处理温度对热轧钢轨组织和性能的影响[J].钢铁,2012,47(12):59-63.WU Qinghuai,YANG Zhangmin,YANG Chaofei,et al.Effect of thermal treatment temperature on microstructure and properties of hot rolled rail steel[J].Iron and Steel,2012,47(12):59-63.
[6]LIU Yurong,YE Dong,YONG Qilong.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and property of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2011,18(11):60-66.
[7]潘健生,顾剑锋,王婧.我国热处理发展战略的探讨[J].金属热处理,2013,38(1):4-14.PAN Jiansheng,GUO Jianfeng,WANG Jing.Discussion of heat treatment development strategy in China[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(1):4-14.
[8]何西扣,白天,刘正东,等.加热速度和冷却方式对508-3钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(20):204-205.HE Xikou,BAI Tian,LIU Zhengdong,et al.Effect of heating rate and cooling mode on austenite grain size of 508-3 steel[J].Hot Working Technology,2013,42(20):204-205.
[9]吴琼,孙大乐.半高速钢冷轧辊材料的锻后淬火工艺[J].钢铁,2011,46(8):68-72.WU Qiong,SUN Dale.Ausform hardening process of Semi-HSS cold forged roll material[J].Iron and Steel,2011,46(8):68-72.
[10]胡广岐,王志刚,胡天江.国产2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V钢热处理工艺试验研究[J].石油化工设备,2012,41(2):23-26.HU Guangqi,WANG Zhigang,HU Tianjiang.Test study of domestic 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V steel heat treatment process[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2012,41(2):23-26.
[11]李阳华,李红英,鲁晓超,等.奥氏体化工艺对V150油套管强韧性的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(9):3625-3633.LI Yanghua,LI Hongying,LU Xiaochao,et al.Effect of austenitizing process on strength and toughness of V150 grade oil casing[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(9):3625-3633.
[12]宋传宝,金嘉瑜,刘志颖,等.300 MW汽轮机低压转子晶粒细化与均匀化的热处理工艺方法研究[J].大型铸锻件,1998(4):34-37.SONG Chuanbao,JIN Jiayu,LIU Zhiying,et al.Research of heat treatment process of grain refinement and homogenization on 300 MW steam turbine low pressure rotor[J].Large Casting and Forging,1998(4):34-37.
[13]郭建.2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢的组织与性能[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学材料科学与工程学院,2004:30-31.GUO Jian.Microstructure and mechanical properties of2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University.School of Materials Science and Engineering,2004:30-31.
[14]张帅,任毅,王爽,等.热处理工艺对X80热煨弯管用钢组织性能的影响[J].钢铁,2011,46(5):81-84.ZHANG Shuai,REN Yi,WANG Shuang,et al.Effect of heat treatment parameters on performance and microstructure of X80hot bended pipe steels[J].Iron and Steel,2011,46(5):81-84.
[15]衣海龙,孙明雪,徐洋,等.轧制工艺对Q690工程机械用钢低温冲击功的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(10):34-37.YI Hailong,SUN Mingxue,XU Yang,et al.Effect of rolling process on low temperature impact energy for a Q690construction machinery steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(10):34-37.
[16]鲍俭,杨卯生,王华昆.热处理工艺对20Cr14Co12Mo5轴承钢力学性能的影响[J].钢铁,2010,45(1):91-95.BAO Jian,YANG Maosheng,WANG Huakun.Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of bearing steel20Cr14Co12Mo5[J].Iron and Steel,2010,45(1):91-95.
[17]钟群鹏,赵子华.断口学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-12.ZHONG Qunpeng,ZHAO Zihua.Fractography[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:1-12.