生成语法句法-语义界面理论发展六十年
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摘要
回顾六十年来生成语法句法-语义界面理论的发展,主流生成语法学派最初忽视语义,句法-语义界面经历了由最早的转换标记到深层结构,然后到表层和深层结构,再到逻辑式,最后到概念-意向界面的演变。其他生成语法学派废除了转换操作,认为表层结构是唯一的句法结构平面,将句法分析和语义解释有机地结合在一起。主流和其他生成语法学派中句法-语义界面的差异主要体现在多层性和单层性、单向性和双向性、一致性和灵活性的对立等方面。今后的研究应该抓住理论的最新发展动向,借鉴不同理论的可取之处,加大理论的实践力度,提升理论的解释力。
Reviewing the sixty years' development of the theory of syntax-semantics interface in generative grammar, the mainstream generative grammar firstly ignores the semantics, and then the syntax-semantics interface undergoes the development from the earliest T-markers to deep structure, and then to surface and deep structure, to logical form, and finally to the conceptual-intentional interface. Alternative generative theories abolish the transformation operation, regard the surface structure as the only syntactic structure, and combine the syntactic analysis and semantic explanation together. The differences of syntax-semantics interface in mainstream generative grammar and alternative generative theories are mainly reflected in the opposition of multiple layers and single layer, uni-directionality and bi-directionality as well as uniformity and flexibility. The future research should be centered on grasping the latest development trend of the theory, drawing on the merits of different theories, strengthening the practice of the theory and improving the explanatory power of theory.
Reviewing the sixty years' development of the theory of syntax-semantics interface in generative grammar, the mainstream generative grammar firstly ignores the semantics, and then the syntax-semantics interface undergoes the development from the earliest T-markers to deep structure, and then to surface and deep structure, to logical form, and finally to the conceptual-intentional interface. Alternative generative theories abolish the transformation operation, regard the surface structure as the only syntactic structure, and combine the syntactic analysis and semantic explanation together. The differences of syntax-semantics interface in mainstream generative grammar and alternative generative theories are mainly reflected in the opposition of multiple layers and single layer, uni-directionality and bi-directionality as well as uniformity and flexibility. The future research should be centered on grasping the latest development trend of the theory, drawing on the merits of different theories, strengthening the practice of the theory and improving the explanatory power of theory.
引文
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[10]CHOMSKY N.On Phases[C]//ROBERT F,CARLOS P.Otero&MARIA Luisa Zubizarreta.Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory:Essays in Honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud.Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press,2008:134-166.
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[12]沈园.句法-语义界面研究[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007:1.
[13]高秀雪.汉语附加语话题提取的句法-语义界面研究[J].现代外语,2015,38(4):460-469.
[2]POLLARD C,IVAN A S.Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994:15-60.
[3]BRESNAN J.Lexical-Functional Syntax[M].Oxford:Blackwell,2001:39-85.
[4]CULICOVER P W,RAY J.Simpler Syntax[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.
[5]CHOMSKY N.Syntactic Structures[M].The Hague:Mouton,1957.
[6]KATZ J J,JERRY A F.The Structure of a Semantic Theory[J].Language,1963,39(2):170-210.
[7]KATZ J J,PAUL M P.An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions[M].Cambridge,MA:MITPress,1964:107-148.
[8]CHOMSKY N.Aspects of the Theory of Syntax[M].Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press,1965:135-136.
[9]何晓伟.语段及语段的句法推导:Chomsky近期思想述解[J].外语教学与研究,2007,39(5):345-351.
[10]CHOMSKY N.On Phases[C]//ROBERT F,CARLOS P.Otero&MARIA Luisa Zubizarreta.Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory:Essays in Honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud.Cambridge,MA:The MIT Press,2008:134-166.
[11]CHOMSKY N.Remarks on Nominalization[C]//JACOBS R A,ROSENBAUM P S.Readings in English Transformational Grammar.Waltham,MA:Ginn,1970:184-221.
[12]沈园.句法-语义界面研究[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007:1.
[13]高秀雪.汉语附加语话题提取的句法-语义界面研究[J].现代外语,2015,38(4):460-469.