生态草牧业在我国精准扶贫中的作用和潜力——中国科学院植物研究所科技扶贫实践与模式探索
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摘要
实施科技产业扶贫,是实现脱贫攻坚的一项重要战略措施。我国草原牧区是少数民族的主要聚居区,也是贫困人口的集中分布区,是我国脱贫攻坚的"硬骨头"。面向新时代居民食物消费的多元化和高品质需求,在我国农业供给侧改革的推动下,生态草牧业迎来了发展的春天,也为我国广大草原牧区的社会经济发展提供了大好机遇。草原牧区通过生态草牧业产业扶贫,全国已有不少脱贫致富的成功案例。中国科学院生态草牧业扶贫工作由中国科学院植物研究所牵头,联合院内外多家单位在贵州省水城县开展"黑山羊草畜一体化"示范项目,并为云南省永善县肉牛养殖提供科技支撑,项目成果为草山草坡地区发展生态草牧业产业扶贫提供了可借鉴的成功经验。我国面积广阔的草地资源不仅是广大牧民经济收入的主要来源,也具有保持水土、涵养水源等重要的生态功能。因此,发展生态草牧业,不仅是牧区实施产业扶贫的重要出路,也是我国建设美丽中国,实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容。
Poverty alleviation or mitigation through science and technology is one of the strategies implemented in China. Grassbased Livestock Husbandry aims to develop sustainable and profitable ruminant farming systems and is an attractive and effective countermeasure for poverty alleviation in grasslands of China. Our survey indicated that 152 counties in the grassland region are in poverty, representing 56.7% of the total 268 counties. Hence, grasslands are the regions where the "hard core" poverty populations reside. As a pilot initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched projects in the grasslands in the north and the moutain meadows in the south to couple forage cultivation and processing with husbandry of elite local livestock breeds by improving the efficiency of converters of feed to products, and the projects have substantially helped local people increase their household incomes. Nationwidely, the grassland occupies more than 40% of the total national land area, hence the sustainable development of grass-based livestock farming systems could play a central role and have great potential in poverty alleviation.
Poverty alleviation or mitigation through science and technology is one of the strategies implemented in China. Grassbased Livestock Husbandry aims to develop sustainable and profitable ruminant farming systems and is an attractive and effective countermeasure for poverty alleviation in grasslands of China. Our survey indicated that 152 counties in the grassland region are in poverty, representing 56.7% of the total 268 counties. Hence, grasslands are the regions where the "hard core" poverty populations reside. As a pilot initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched projects in the grasslands in the north and the moutain meadows in the south to couple forage cultivation and processing with husbandry of elite local livestock breeds by improving the efficiency of converters of feed to products, and the projects have substantially helped local people increase their household incomes. Nationwidely, the grassland occupies more than 40% of the total national land area, hence the sustainable development of grass-based livestock farming systems could play a central role and have great potential in poverty alleviation.
引文
1胡光辉.扶贫先扶志扶贫必扶智——谈谈如何深入推进脱贫攻坚工作.人民日报, 2017-01-23.
2 段子渊,张长城,段瑞,等.坚持科技扶贫实现精准扶贫促进经济发展.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):346-350.
3 全国畜牧总站.中国草业统计2016.北京:中国农业出版社, 2017.
4 林祥金.我国南方草山草坡开发利用的研究.四川草原,2002,(4):1-16.
5 国家林业和草原局.中国草原保护情况.[2018-08-22].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/198/20180822/165623356211956.html.
6 方精云,景海春,张文浩,等.论草牧业的理论体系及其实践.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1619-1631.
7 潘庆民,薛建国,陶金,等.中国北方草原退化现状与恢复技术.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1642-1650.
8 钟瑾,倪奎奎,杨军香,等.我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1677-1685.
9 杜妮妮.定西市安定区草牧产业扶贫模式探索.现代畜牧科技, 2018,(11):28.
10 桑育雄.临洮县草牧业助推精准扶贫的成效及其模式.扶贫攻坚, 2017, 47(11):120-121.
11 孙维,武俊喜,钟志明,等.西藏草牧业科技精准扶贫模式研究——以吉纳村为例.科技促进发展, 2017, 13(6):449-454.
12 夏勇,田弋夫,余德顺,等.科技助推“三变”改革建立科技扶贫长效机制——中国科学院贵州省水城县定点科技扶贫实践与探讨.中国科学院院刊, 2018, 33(12):1374-1380.
13 何天丽,何刚.水城县冬闲田土种植一年生黑麦草的现状及前景.农技服务, 2007, 24(12):78, 113.
14 任继周.我对“草牧业”一词的初步理解.草业科学,2015, 32(5):710.
15 方精云,李凌浩,蒋高明,等.如何理解“草牧业”?中国科学报, 2015-07-17.
16 张自和,盖均镒.中国草业发展保障体系研究//旭日干,任继周,南志标.中国草地生态保障与食物安全战略研究丛书(第六卷).北京:科学出版社, 2017.
2 段子渊,张长城,段瑞,等.坚持科技扶贫实现精准扶贫促进经济发展.中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):346-350.
3 全国畜牧总站.中国草业统计2016.北京:中国农业出版社, 2017.
4 林祥金.我国南方草山草坡开发利用的研究.四川草原,2002,(4):1-16.
5 国家林业和草原局.中国草原保护情况.[2018-08-22].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/198/20180822/165623356211956.html.
6 方精云,景海春,张文浩,等.论草牧业的理论体系及其实践.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1619-1631.
7 潘庆民,薛建国,陶金,等.中国北方草原退化现状与恢复技术.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1642-1650.
8 钟瑾,倪奎奎,杨军香,等.我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望.科学通报, 2018, 63(17):1677-1685.
9 杜妮妮.定西市安定区草牧产业扶贫模式探索.现代畜牧科技, 2018,(11):28.
10 桑育雄.临洮县草牧业助推精准扶贫的成效及其模式.扶贫攻坚, 2017, 47(11):120-121.
11 孙维,武俊喜,钟志明,等.西藏草牧业科技精准扶贫模式研究——以吉纳村为例.科技促进发展, 2017, 13(6):449-454.
12 夏勇,田弋夫,余德顺,等.科技助推“三变”改革建立科技扶贫长效机制——中国科学院贵州省水城县定点科技扶贫实践与探讨.中国科学院院刊, 2018, 33(12):1374-1380.
13 何天丽,何刚.水城县冬闲田土种植一年生黑麦草的现状及前景.农技服务, 2007, 24(12):78, 113.
14 任继周.我对“草牧业”一词的初步理解.草业科学,2015, 32(5):710.
15 方精云,李凌浩,蒋高明,等.如何理解“草牧业”?中国科学报, 2015-07-17.
16 张自和,盖均镒.中国草业发展保障体系研究//旭日干,任继周,南志标.中国草地生态保障与食物安全战略研究丛书(第六卷).北京:科学出版社, 2017.