卡西亚松家系幼林的生长节律
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摘要
为了解卡西亚松(Pinus kesiya)生长与气象因子间的关系,对17个卡西亚松家系幼林的周年生长性状进行研究。结果表明,17个卡西亚松家系的胸径、树高和抽梢次数存在显著差异(P<0.05),可分为速生型(Ⅰ)和慢生型(Ⅱ),其中7、25、61、104、41家系属于速生型,其胸径和树高年均生长量分别为2.03 cm和1.46 m。两类型家系的生长趋势一致,胸径一年内出现2次生长高峰(2和8月),树高出现3次生长高峰(2-3、6和8-10月)。有3次抽梢高峰,分别在5月(春梢)、8-9月(夏梢)和11月(秋梢),一年抽1～4次新梢,以抽2次新梢的植株最多(47%),且在春(71.78%)夏(77.33%)两季抽梢的比例较高。月平均气温对卡西亚松树高的生长影响最大,在1月出现短暂的生长停滞。因此,卡西亚松幼林抚育管理宜在胸径和树高生长高峰之前进行,即5-6和12-翌年1月,1月进行幼林修枝抚育。
In order to understand the relationship between monthly growth of Pinus kesiya and meteorological factors, the annual growth dynamic of 17 families were studied in southern Yunnan. The family plantation was established in June 2013, 17 half-sib families of P. kesiya introduced from Thailand and Vietnam were selected with P. kesiya var. langbianensis from local seed orchard as control, the diameter at breast height(DBH), height and timing of shooting were observed for a whole year since July 2015. Meanwhile, the effects of meteorological factors on growth rhythm and shooting law were also analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in DBH, height and shooting times among 17 families(P<0.05). These families could be divided into two types, family No. 7, 25, 61, 104 and 41 were fast-growth type(Ⅰ), with annual mean increment of DBH and height for 2.03 cm and 1.46 m, respectively, and the others was slow-growth type(Ⅱ). The both types of P. kesiya families showed similar growth tendency, of the DBH growth had two peaks occurred in February and August, of and the height growth had three peaks in February to March, June, and August to October, and shooting had three peaks in May(spring shoot), August to September(summer shoot) and November(fall shoot), respectively. The shooting times of P. kesiya were one to four in a whole year, of which the number of families with twice shooting was the largest, accounting for 47% of the total trees, mainly in spring(72.78%) and summer(77.33%). The growth of P. kesiya was influenced mainly by monthly average temperature, and growth stagnation was short in January. So, it was recommended that tending management of P. kesiya young plantation should be conducted before two peaks of DBH and height growth, i.e. May to June and December to January, and pruning in January.
In order to understand the relationship between monthly growth of Pinus kesiya and meteorological factors, the annual growth dynamic of 17 families were studied in southern Yunnan. The family plantation was established in June 2013, 17 half-sib families of P. kesiya introduced from Thailand and Vietnam were selected with P. kesiya var. langbianensis from local seed orchard as control, the diameter at breast height(DBH), height and timing of shooting were observed for a whole year since July 2015. Meanwhile, the effects of meteorological factors on growth rhythm and shooting law were also analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in DBH, height and shooting times among 17 families(P<0.05). These families could be divided into two types, family No. 7, 25, 61, 104 and 41 were fast-growth type(Ⅰ), with annual mean increment of DBH and height for 2.03 cm and 1.46 m, respectively, and the others was slow-growth type(Ⅱ). The both types of P. kesiya families showed similar growth tendency, of the DBH growth had two peaks occurred in February and August, of and the height growth had three peaks in February to March, June, and August to October, and shooting had three peaks in May(spring shoot), August to September(summer shoot) and November(fall shoot), respectively. The shooting times of P. kesiya were one to four in a whole year, of which the number of families with twice shooting was the largest, accounting for 47% of the total trees, mainly in spring(72.78%) and summer(77.33%). The growth of P. kesiya was influenced mainly by monthly average temperature, and growth stagnation was short in January. So, it was recommended that tending management of P. kesiya young plantation should be conducted before two peaks of DBH and height growth, i.e. May to June and December to January, and pruning in January.
引文
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[16]THAO D V,YAMASHITA M,WATANABE A,et al.Development of tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon[J].Conserv Genet Resour,2013,5(2):405-407.doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9814-3.
[17]SINGH O,BORDOLOI S,MAHANTA N.Variability in cone,seed and seedling characteristics of Pinus kesiya Royle ex.Gordon[J].J For Res,2015,26(2):331-337.doi:10.1007/s11676-015-0036-x.
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[19]GUO W F,CAI D X,JIA H Y,et al.Growth Laws of Mytilaria laosensis plantation[J].For Res,2006,19(5):585-589.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.05.008.郭文福,蔡道雄,贾宏炎,等.米老排人工林生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):585-589.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.05.008.
[2]CAO J K,FANG L J.Studies on observation of growth rhythm of young Betula luminifera[J].For Res,2006,19(3):404-407.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.03.027.曹健康,方乐金.光皮桦幼林生长节律的观察研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):404-407.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.03.027.
[3]LUO Y,SUN Q,CAI N H,et al.Growth rhythm analysis on annual planting seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis from different provenances[J].J SW For Univ,2016,36(3):23-29.罗元,孙琪,蔡年辉,等.云南松不同种源1年生播种苗木生长节律分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(3):23-29.
[4]CAI N H,XU Y L,BAI Q S,et al.Annual seedling growth dynamic rhythm and variation of one-year Pinus densata among populations[J].J NE For Univ,2013,41(5):11-15,74.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2013.05.003.蔡年辉,许玉兰,白青松,等.不同种群高山松1年生播种苗木生长节律及其变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(5):11-15,74.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2013.05.003.
[5]KUANG L,DENG X M,CHEN S,et al.Growth rhythm of Zenia insignis seedlings from four provenances[J].J S China Agric Univ,2014,35(5):98-101,107.doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.05.017.邝雷,邓小梅,陈思,等.4个任豆种源苗期生长节律的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):98-101,107.doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.05.017.
[6]WANG X J,ZHANG R Q,XU Z K,et al.Study on growth rhythm of different Zelkova schneideriana provenances at seedling stage[J].J CSUniv For Technol,2013,33(7):31-34.doi:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923X.2013.07.010.王旭军,张日清,许忠坤,等.不同种源红榉苗期生长节律的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(7):31-34.doi:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923X.2013.07.010.
[7]LAI M,SUN X M,ZHANG S G.Growth rhythm of young Larix kaempferi×Larix olgensis hybrid[J].J NE For Univ,2014,42(4):11-15,31.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2014.04.003.赖猛,孙晓梅,张守攻.日本落叶松×长白落叶松杂种幼林生长节律[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(4):11-15,31.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2014.04.003.
[8]HUANG J C,GUO J J,ZENG J.Early selection of Betula alnoides clones and their growth rhythm in western Yunnan,China[J].For Res,2017,30(3):518-524.doi:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.022.黄家聪,郭俊杰,曾杰.滇西地区西南桦无性系早期测定与生长节律研究[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(3):518-524.doi:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.03.022.
[9]GUO W F.The seasonal rhythm and growth of the young plantation of a tropical tree species,Paramichelia baillonii[J].For Res,1997,10(1):60-63.doi:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.1997.01.013.郭文福.热带树种山白兰人工幼林的生长规律[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(1):60-63.doi:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.1997.01.013.
[10]PENG X Q,LAI Y Q,ZHANG Y P,et al.Study on the growth pattern of the Azadirachta indica young plantation[J].For Res,2002,15(4):469-473.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2002.04.018.彭兴民,赖永祺,张燕平,等.印楝人工幼林生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(4):469-473.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2002.04.018.
[11]LUKKARINEN A J,RUOTSALAINEN S,NIKKANEN T,et al.The growth rhythm and height growth of seedlings of siberian(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)and dahurian(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)larch provenances in greenhouse conditions[J].Silva Fenn,2009,43(1):5-20.
[12]LUKKARINEN A J,RUOTSALAINEN S,PELTOLA H,et al.Annual growth rhythm of Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii provenances in a field trial in southern Finland[J].Scand J For Res,2013,28(6):518-532.doi:10.1080/02827581.2013.786125.
[13]DANUSEVICIUS D,GABRILAVICIUS R.Variation in juvenile growth rhythm among Picea abies provenances from the Baltic states and the adjacent regions[J].Scandinavian J For Res,2001,16(4):305-317.
[14]MISSANJO E,MATSUMURA J.Wood density and mechanical properties of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi[J].Forests,2016,7(7):135.doi:10.3390/f7070135.
[15]NHI L Q,THACH L N.Study of khasi pine(Pinus kesiya Royle)twig oil in Vietnam[J].J Essent Oil Bear Plants,2014,17(2):212-218.doi:10.1080/0972060X.2014.895159.
[16]THAO D V,YAMASHITA M,WATANABE A,et al.Development of tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon[J].Conserv Genet Resour,2013,5(2):405-407.doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9814-3.
[17]SINGH O,BORDOLOI S,MAHANTA N.Variability in cone,seed and seedling characteristics of Pinus kesiya Royle ex.Gordon[J].J For Res,2015,26(2):331-337.doi:10.1007/s11676-015-0036-x.
[18]XU J M,HAN C,TANG H Y,et al.Study on seedling selection of introduced Pinus kesiya provenances and families[J].J CS Univ For Technol,2014,34(10):14-18.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2014.10.003.徐建民,韩超,唐红燕,等.卡西亚松引种种源/家系苗期选择的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(10):14-18.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2014.10.003.
[19]GUO W F,CAI D X,JIA H Y,et al.Growth Laws of Mytilaria laosensis plantation[J].For Res,2006,19(5):585-589.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.05.008.郭文福,蔡道雄,贾宏炎,等.米老排人工林生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):585-589.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2006.05.008.