吉林省中部黑土区鲜食玉米品质性状对种植密度的响应
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摘要
采用田间试验,研究了3个甜玉米品种520、脆王(CW)和黄白粒(HB)的产量、商品品质、食用品质以及部分营养品质对种植密度的响应。结果表明:鲜食玉米的皮渣率、鲜穗重和出籽率受品种(V)、种植密度(D)以及两者交互作用(D×V)的影响显著,而籽粒中蔗糖、麦芽糖和可溶性总糖显著受品种(V)以及种植密度(D)的影响。3个品种鲜籽粒产量均在种植密度为5. 5万株·hm~(-2)时最高,且CW产量最高,其次是520与HB,产量分别为13 556 kg·hm~(-2)、13 416 kg·hm~(-2)与12 484 kg·hm~(-2);种皮厚度主要受品种影响,密度对种皮厚度无显著影响,3个品种中,CW的种皮厚度最小平均为76. 2μm,HB最大平均为87. 0μm;皮渣率主要受品种影响,也受种植密度影响,品种CW皮渣率最低为8. 03%。随着种植密度的增加,鲜食玉米的鲜穗重等商品品质、可溶性总糖等营养成分含量均呈降低趋势,皮渣率有不同程度的增加。因此,合理密植是协调鲜食玉米产量与品质的重要农艺措施。吉林省中部黑土区鲜食玉米品种CW推荐种植密度4. 5~5. 5万株·hm~(-2),品种520与HB推荐种植密度5. 5~6. 0万株·hm~(-2)。
In order to examine the responses of quality-related traits including commodity quality,edibility quality and nutrition quality to planting density in fresh corn,we selected 3 fresh corn varieties-520,Cuiwang( CW) and Huangbaili( HB),to conduct a field experiment in black soil region of central Jilin Province. The results showed that the residue ratio( RR),fresh ear weight( FEW) and seed feeding rate( SFR) were significantly influenced by varieties( V),planting density( D),and their interactions;while sucrose content,maltose content and total soluble sugar( TSS) were significantly affected by V and D. All three varieties with planting densities of 55 000 plants·hm~(-2) obtained the highest fresh grain yield,and the yield was in an order of 13 556 kg·hm~(-2)( CW),13 416 kg·hm~(-2)( 520) and 12 484 kg·hm~(-2)( HB). Pericarp thickness( PT) was mainly influenced by V while little affected by D,with the lowest PT in CW( 76. 2 μm) and the highest PT in HB( 87. 0 μm). RR was mainly affected by V and then by D,with the lowest rate of RR in CW( 8. 03%) and the best taste. With increasing D,FEW and TSS showed a decreasing trend,while SFR showed an increasing trend. Therefore,a reasonable planting density would be an essential practice to balance the yield and quality of fresh corns,and the recommended planting densities for CW,and 520 and HB in black soil region of central Jilin Province are 45-55 thousands plants·hm~(-2) and 55-60 thousands plants·hm~(-2) respectively.
In order to examine the responses of quality-related traits including commodity quality,edibility quality and nutrition quality to planting density in fresh corn,we selected 3 fresh corn varieties-520,Cuiwang( CW) and Huangbaili( HB),to conduct a field experiment in black soil region of central Jilin Province. The results showed that the residue ratio( RR),fresh ear weight( FEW) and seed feeding rate( SFR) were significantly influenced by varieties( V),planting density( D),and their interactions;while sucrose content,maltose content and total soluble sugar( TSS) were significantly affected by V and D. All three varieties with planting densities of 55 000 plants·hm~(-2) obtained the highest fresh grain yield,and the yield was in an order of 13 556 kg·hm~(-2)( CW),13 416 kg·hm~(-2)( 520) and 12 484 kg·hm~(-2)( HB). Pericarp thickness( PT) was mainly influenced by V while little affected by D,with the lowest PT in CW( 76. 2 μm) and the highest PT in HB( 87. 0 μm). RR was mainly affected by V and then by D,with the lowest rate of RR in CW( 8. 03%) and the best taste. With increasing D,FEW and TSS showed a decreasing trend,while SFR showed an increasing trend. Therefore,a reasonable planting density would be an essential practice to balance the yield and quality of fresh corns,and the recommended planting densities for CW,and 520 and HB in black soil region of central Jilin Province are 45-55 thousands plants·hm~(-2) and 55-60 thousands plants·hm~(-2) respectively.
引文
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[14]王世恒,冯凤琴,徐仁政.超甜玉米营养品质分析[J].玉米科学,2004,12(1):61-62.WANG S H,FENG F Q,XU R Z. Analysis on nutritional quality of super-sweet corn[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2004,12(1):61-62.
[15] LU D L,LU W P. Effects of protein removal on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize flours[J]. Starch-Strke,2012,64(11):874-881.
[16]赵文明,陈艳萍,郑飞,等.种植密度对鲜食玉米苏科糯3号鲜果穗产量及商品品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):36-39.ZHAO W M,CHEN Y P,ZHENG F,et al. Effects of planting density on fresh ear yield and commodity quality of fresh eating waxy corn variety Sukenuo No. 3[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(22):36-39.
[2]黄鼎程.甜玉米产量调控途径及优化栽培关键技术研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017.HUANG D C. Regulation techniques to sweet corn yield and its optimal cultivation key technology[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University,2017.
[3]王淞,蔚荣海.东华北地区鲜食糯玉米主要品质性状综合评价[J].吉林农业,2010(6):126-127.WANG S,WEI R H. Quality comprehensive assessment of fresh waxy maize in North and Northeast China[J]. Jilin Agricultural,2010(6):126-127.
[4]梁国生,陈爱星,郑昊,等.吉林地区鲜食玉米产业发展现状及对策[J].吉林蔬菜,2009(2):64-65.LIANG G S,CHEN A X,ZHENG H,et al. Development status and its countermeasures of fresh maize in Jilin province[J]. Jilin Vegetable,2009(2):64-65.
[5]袁邦义,武军华,蒋飞.不同种植密度对鲜食糯玉米品种J糯三号产量及品质的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2012(11):19-20.YUAN B Y,WU J H,JIANG F. The effect of planting densities on yield and quality of fresh waxy maize J NO. 3[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2012(11):19-20.
[6]刘学铭,陈智毅,唐道邦.甜玉米的营养功能成分、生物活性及保鲜加工研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2010(12):90-94.LIU X M,CHEN Z Y,TANG D B. Research advance of nutritional component,biological activity,storage and processing in sweet corn[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2010(12):90-94.
[7]高磊,李余良,李武,等.不同施氮水平对南方甜玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1215GAO L,LI Y L,LI W,et al. Effects of nitrogen application on yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of sweet corn in south China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(5):1215-1224.
[8]张凯迪.鲜食玉米籽粒皮渣率的差异及其与品质和产量的关系[D].扬州:扬州大学,2008.ZHANG K D. Genotypic difference of residue ratio for fresh maize and its relations with quality and yield[D]. Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2008.
[9]刘萍.中国鲜食甜、糯玉米品种试验产量与品质评价体系的建设[D].扬州:扬州大学,2007.LIU P. Establishment of yield and quality evaluation system for fresh sweet corn and waxy corn varietal experiment in China[D]. Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2007.
[10]李惠生,董树亭,高荣岐.鲜食玉米品质特性研究概述[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):144-146.LI H S,DONG S T,GAO R Q. Research on quality characteristic of fresh corn[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(2):144-146.
[11]邢燕菊,阴卫军,邱登林,等.鲜食玉米的品质评价及采收期品质变化[J].山东农业科学,2010(11):44-46.XING Y J,YIN W J,QIU D L,et al. Quality evaluation and nutrition variation in collection period of fresh maize[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2010(11):44-46.
[12]禹玉华,段俊,王子明,等.影响超甜玉米子粒种皮厚度因子的关联分析[J].玉米科学,2003,11(2):19-21.YU Y H,DUAN J,WANG Z M,et al. Grey correlative degree analysis of the factors influencing the grain pericarp thickness of super sweet corn hybrid[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2003,11(2):19-21.
[13]曹庆军.春玉米抗茎倒能力评价及其化学调控技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.CAO Q J. Evaluation of stalk lodging resistance of different spring maize genotypes and mechanism of its improvement by plant growth regulators(PRGs)[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[14]王世恒,冯凤琴,徐仁政.超甜玉米营养品质分析[J].玉米科学,2004,12(1):61-62.WANG S H,FENG F Q,XU R Z. Analysis on nutritional quality of super-sweet corn[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2004,12(1):61-62.
[15] LU D L,LU W P. Effects of protein removal on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize flours[J]. Starch-Strke,2012,64(11):874-881.
[16]赵文明,陈艳萍,郑飞,等.种植密度对鲜食玉米苏科糯3号鲜果穗产量及商品品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):36-39.ZHAO W M,CHEN Y P,ZHENG F,et al. Effects of planting density on fresh ear yield and commodity quality of fresh eating waxy corn variety Sukenuo No. 3[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(22):36-39.