不同施肥种类对玉米产量及土壤性状的影响
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摘要
通过大田夏玉米试验,研究等氮量条件下不同施肥种类(不施肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥、有机肥+化肥混施)对夏玉米产量、土壤氮素含量、微生物种群数量、土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,化肥+有机肥混施处理的玉米鲜质量比单施化肥、单施有机肥分别提高11.1%、7.1%,总粒质量分别提高了8.9%、6.5%;土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮变化以0～20 cm土层最大,化肥+有机肥混施处理的铵态氮含量最高,为2.38 mg/L,化肥处理的硝态氮含量最高,为18.7 mg/L,40 cm以下土层的铵态氮、硝态氮含量很低,且处理之间差异不大;培养微生物检测和分子生物学鉴定表明,土壤微生物主要集中在土壤的0～60 cm土层,在0～20 cm土层混施处理和常规化肥处理的细菌数量高于其他处理,混施处理细菌种类最多。在0～20 cm土层混施处理真菌种类最多,但数量和其他处理差异不大;在0～20 cm土层化肥+有机肥处理的脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性都高于其他处理。不同指标间具有一定的相关性。
引文
[1]赵聪,曹莹菲,刘克,等. 长期不同施肥对土氮素分布的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1375-1381.
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[5]寇长林,徐建生,王恒宇. 砂质潮土冬小麦对氮肥的利用与氮素平衡[J]. 核农学报,2003,17(6):476-480.
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[19]Mijangos I,Pérez R,Albizu I,et al. Effects of fertilization and tillage on soil biological parameters[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2006,40(1):100-106.
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[21]赵营,同延安,赵护兵. 不同施氮量对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率及氮平衡的影响[J]. 土壤肥料,2006(2):30-33.
[22]吉艳芝,冯万忠,郝晓然,等. 不同施肥模式对华北平原小麦-玉米轮作体系产量及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1725-1731.
[23]赵伟,梁斌,杨学云,等. 长期不同施肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤残留肥料氮去向的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(8):1628-1634.
[24]刘苗,孙建,李立军,等. 不同施肥措施对玉米根际土壤微生物数量及养分含量的影响[J]. 土壤通报,2011,42(4):816-821.
[25]de la Paz J M,De La horra A,Pruzzo L,et al. Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35:302-306.
[26]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等. 长期不同施肥条件下土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的季节变化特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1093-1099.
[27]Veps?l?inen M,Kukkonen S,Vestberg M,et al. Application of soil enzyme activity test kit in a field experiment[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(12/13):1665-1672.
[28]高瑞,吕家珑. 长期定位施肥土壤酶活性及其肥力变化研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2005,13(1):143-145.
[29]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于进一步调整优化农业结构的指导意见[J]. 休闲农业与美丽乡村,2015(3):88-95.李琦瑶,王树声,刘光亮,等. 低温胁迫及恢复生长后烟苗叶形指数及生长素的响应[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(3):60-65.
[2]Ju X T,Kou C L,Zhang F S,et al. Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,143(1):117-125.
[3]潘家荣,巨晓棠,刘学军,等. 水氮优化条件下在华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作中化肥氮的去向[J]. 核农学报,2009,23(2):334-340,307.
[4]王立春,赵兰坡,朱平,等. 不同施肥方式对黑土春玉米田硝态氮和铵态氮的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2009,37(12):85-87.
[5]寇长林,徐建生,王恒宇. 砂质潮土冬小麦对氮肥的利用与氮素平衡[J]. 核农学报,2003,17(6):476-480.
[6]Li X D,Masuda H,Koba K,et al. Nitrogen isotope study on nitrate-contaminated groundwater in the Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution,2007,178(1/2/3/4):145-156.
[7]Enwall K,Nyberg K,Bertilsson S,et al. Long-term impact of fertilization on activity and composition of bacterial communities and metabolic guilds in agricultural soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(1):106-115.
[8]Cardinale B J,Srivastava D S,Duffy J E,et al. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems[J]. Nature,2006,443(7114):989-992.
[9]李玉生,吴永杰,程和禾,等. 转基因苹果研究现状与展望[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(12):6965-6967,6970.
[10]杨学云,张树兰,袁新民,等. 长期施肥对土硝态氮分布、累积和移动的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):134-138,188.
[11]杨孔雀,郝明德,臧逸飞,等. 黄绵土长期定位试验中硝态氮剖面分布特征[J]. 西北农业学报,2011,20(5):176-180.
[12]张瑞,张贵龙,陈冬青,等. 不同施肥对农田土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2013,29(2):133-139.
[13]Lovella R D,Jarvisa S C,Bardgettb R D. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland:effects of management changes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27(7):969-975.
[14]Steenwerth K L,Jackson L E,Calderon F J,et al. Soil microbial community composition and land use history in cultivated and grassland ecosystems of coastal California[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1599-1611.
[15]Doran J W,Coleman D C,Stewart B A. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment[M]. Soil Science Society of America,Inc.,American Society of Agronomy,Inc. Madison,Wisconsin,USA,1994.
[16]李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等. 不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J]. 中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[17]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等. 长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.
[18]Visser S,Parkinson D. Soil biological criteria as indicators of soil quality:soil microorganisms[J]. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture,1992,7:33-37.
[19]Mijangos I,Pérez R,Albizu I,et al. Effects of fertilization and tillage on soil biological parameters[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2006,40(1):100-106.
[20]王朝辉,李生秀,王西娜,等. 旱地土壤硝态氮残留淋溶及影响因素研究[J]. 土壤,2006,38(6):676-681.
[21]赵营,同延安,赵护兵. 不同施氮量对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率及氮平衡的影响[J]. 土壤肥料,2006(2):30-33.
[22]吉艳芝,冯万忠,郝晓然,等. 不同施肥模式对华北平原小麦-玉米轮作体系产量及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1725-1731.
[23]赵伟,梁斌,杨学云,等. 长期不同施肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤残留肥料氮去向的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(8):1628-1634.
[24]刘苗,孙建,李立军,等. 不同施肥措施对玉米根际土壤微生物数量及养分含量的影响[J]. 土壤通报,2011,42(4):816-821.
[25]de la Paz J M,De La horra A,Pruzzo L,et al. Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35:302-306.
[26]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等. 长期不同施肥条件下土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的季节变化特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1093-1099.
[27]Veps?l?inen M,Kukkonen S,Vestberg M,et al. Application of soil enzyme activity test kit in a field experiment[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(12/13):1665-1672.
[28]高瑞,吕家珑. 长期定位施肥土壤酶活性及其肥力变化研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2005,13(1):143-145.
[29]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于进一步调整优化农业结构的指导意见[J]. 休闲农业与美丽乡村,2015(3):88-95.李琦瑶,王树声,刘光亮,等. 低温胁迫及恢复生长后烟苗叶形指数及生长素的响应[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(3):60-65.