~(15)N同位素示踪技术研究辣椒器官氮素分配特性和基质氮素运移规律
|
摘要
为探究日光温室蔬菜基质栽培氮肥在栽培基质中运移和累积规律及其在辣椒植株各器官中吸收和分配特性。以辣椒(品种:陇椒10号)为试验材料,利用K~(15)NO_3同位素示踪法,将K~(15)NO_3分别标记于栽培基质剖面向下5～10 cm和15～20 cm深处,并设2个灌水下限60%(W60)和80%(W80),研究了日光温室基质栽培辣椒的生物量、辣椒各器官对氮素吸收与分配及栽培基质中氮素的运移规律。结果表明,60%灌水下限条件下较80%灌水下限显著增加了辣椒植株总生物量和氮的吸收量。在空间分布上,~(15)N标记施肥深度越深,则辣椒植株对~(15)N利用率下降;同时,~(15)N在基质层(0～20 cm)中的累积量也明显下降,损失量显著增加。其中60%灌水下限条件下基质中~(15)N的损失量少于80%灌水条件,且~(15)N在5～10 cm处的损失量较少,此时,减小了基质层15～20 cm处~(15)N的向下迁移量,并增加了60%灌水下限条件下辣椒植株各器官对全氮的吸收利用率。因此,W60F5处理可以提高辣椒植株的总生物量和氮肥的吸收量,减弱基质深层氮素向下运移量,有利于辣椒植株更好地吸收与利用,且辣椒植株各器官生物积累量与氮肥吸收量依次为叶>果>茎。
In order to explore the migration and accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer in the culture substrate of the greenhouse, and its absorption and distribution characteristics in various organs of pepper plants. Pepper(variety: Longjiao No.10) was used as the test material, and K~(15)NO_3 was used to mark K~(15)NO_3 in the depth of 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm, and set the lower limit of 60%(W60) and 80%(W80). The biomass of pepper grown in the greenhouse and the absorption and distribution of nitrogen in various organs of pepper and the migration of nitrogen in the culture substrate were studied. The results showed that the 60% minimum irrigation limit significantly increased the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants. In the spatial distribution, the deeper the ~(15)N mark fertilization depth, the lower the utilization rate of the pepper plant to ~(15)N. In spatial distribution, the deeper the ~(15)N labeled fertilization depth, the lower the ~(15)N utilization rate of pepper plants. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ~(15)N in the basal layer(0-20 cm) also decreased significantly, increased the amount of loss significantly. Under 60% irrigation water limit, the loss of ~(15)N in the matrix was less than that under 80% irrigation condition. At this point, the amount of ~(15)N migration downward at 15-20 cm of the matrix layer was reduced, and the absorption and utilization of total nitrogen by various organs of pepper plants under the condition of 60% lower irrigation limit was increased. Therefore, W60 F5 treatment could increase the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants, and reduced the downward nitrogen transport of the matrix, which was beneficial to the better absorption and utilization of pepper plants. The bioaccumulation and nitrogen uptake of various organs of pepper plants were leaf>fruit>stem.
In order to explore the migration and accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer in the culture substrate of the greenhouse, and its absorption and distribution characteristics in various organs of pepper plants. Pepper(variety: Longjiao No.10) was used as the test material, and K~(15)NO_3 was used to mark K~(15)NO_3 in the depth of 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm, and set the lower limit of 60%(W60) and 80%(W80). The biomass of pepper grown in the greenhouse and the absorption and distribution of nitrogen in various organs of pepper and the migration of nitrogen in the culture substrate were studied. The results showed that the 60% minimum irrigation limit significantly increased the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants. In the spatial distribution, the deeper the ~(15)N mark fertilization depth, the lower the utilization rate of the pepper plant to ~(15)N. In spatial distribution, the deeper the ~(15)N labeled fertilization depth, the lower the ~(15)N utilization rate of pepper plants. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ~(15)N in the basal layer(0-20 cm) also decreased significantly, increased the amount of loss significantly. Under 60% irrigation water limit, the loss of ~(15)N in the matrix was less than that under 80% irrigation condition. At this point, the amount of ~(15)N migration downward at 15-20 cm of the matrix layer was reduced, and the absorption and utilization of total nitrogen by various organs of pepper plants under the condition of 60% lower irrigation limit was increased. Therefore, W60 F5 treatment could increase the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants, and reduced the downward nitrogen transport of the matrix, which was beneficial to the better absorption and utilization of pepper plants. The bioaccumulation and nitrogen uptake of various organs of pepper plants were leaf>fruit>stem.
引文
[1] 马艳青.我国辣椒产业形势分析[J].辣椒杂志,2011(1):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4542.2011.01.001.Ma Y Q.Analysis of chili pepper industry situation in China[J].Journal of China Capsicum,2011(1):1-5.
[2] 王春辉,祝鹏飞,束良佐,朱继荣,于红梅,詹雨珊,袁梅.分根区交替灌溉和氮形态影响土壤硝态氮的迁移利用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(11):1002-6819.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.012.Wang C H,Zhu P F,Shu L Z,Zhu J R,Yu H M,Zhan Y S,Yuan M.Effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation and nitrogen forms on utilization and movement of nitrate in soil[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(11):1002-6819.
[3] 吴永成,王志敏,周顺利.15N标记和土柱模拟的夏玉米氮肥利用特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(12):2446-2453.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.12.005.Wu Y C,Wang Z M,Zhou S L.Studies on the characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in summer maize based on techniques of soil column and 15N-label[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2011,44(12):2446-2453.
[4] 龚江,王海江,谢海霞,侯振安,吕新.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,59(6):51-54.Gong J,Wang H J,Xie H X,Hou Z A,Lü X.Effects of water and nitrogen coupling under drip irrigation on cotton growth and yield[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2008,59(6):51-54.
[5] 文哲.15N同位素稀释技术和示踪技术在森林土壤N素研究中的应用[J].南方农业,2016,10(30):102-103.doi:10.19415/j.cnki.1673-890x.2016.30.059.Wen Z.Application of 15N isotope dilution technique and tracer technology in N soil research of forest soil[J].South China Agriculture,2016,10(30):102-103.
[6] 刘琦蕊.毛竹林氮素吸收转化与利用研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.Liu Q R.Study on nitrogen absorption,transformation and utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2016.
[7] 田义,张玉龙,虞娜,张辉,邹洪涛.温室地下滴灌灌水控制下限对番茄生长发育、果实品质和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(5):88-92.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7601.2006.05.021.Tian Y,Zhang Y L,Yu N,Zhang H,Zou H T.Effect of different low irrigation limit on growth,quality and yield of tomato under subsurface drip irrigation in greenhouse[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(5):88-92.
[8] 向友珍.滴灌施肥条件下温室甜椒水氮耦合效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.Xiang Y Z.Study on the coupling effect of water and nitrogen in greenhouse sweet pepper under drip fertigation conditions[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[9] 吕剑.日光温室基质栽培越冬茬番茄灌水下限研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.Lü J.Study on the lower limit of tomato irrigation for wintering in the greenhouse cultivation[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2012.
[10] 刘世全,曹红霞,张建青,胡笑涛.不同水氮供应对小南瓜根系生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1362-1371.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.013.Liu S Q,Cao H X,Zhang J Q,Hu X T.Effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on root growth,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of small pumpkin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(7):1362-1371.
[11] 于红梅,李子忠,龚元石.不同水氮管理对蔬菜地硝态氮淋洗的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(9):1849-1855.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2005.09.020.Yu H M,Li Z Z,Gong Y D.Leached nitrate in vegetable field under different water and nitrogen fertilizer management practices[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(9):1849-1855.
[12] 邢英英,张富仓,张燕,李静,强生才,吴立峰.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.04.09.Xing Y Y,Zhang F C,Zhang Y,Li J,Qiang S C,Wu L F.Effect of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on greenhouse tomato yield,quality,water and nitrogen utilization under fertigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(4):713-726.
[13] 孙杨.滴灌条件下大同盆地盐碱地土壤水盐运移规律研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.Sun Y.Study on soil water and salt movement law of saline-alkali land in datong basin under drip irrigation[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2016.
[14] 史书强,赵颖,何志刚,娄春荣.生物有机肥配施化肥对马铃薯土壤养分运移及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):154-157.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2016.06.040.Shi S Q,Zhao Y,He Z G,Lou C R.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on soil nutrient transport and yield of potato[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(6):154-157.
[15] 柴付军,李光永,张琼,程鸿,李富先,李旌胜,季枫.灌水频率对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(3):12-15.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3317.2005.03.004.Chai F J,Li G Y,Zhang Q,Cheng H,Li F X,Li J S,Ji F.Study on effects of irrigation frequency on moisture and salt regime and growth of cotton under mulch-film drip irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2005,24(3):12-15.
[16] 王翠丽.不同施肥方式对辣椒生长生理和养分利用的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.Wang C L.Effects of different fertilization methods on growth physiology and nutrient utilization of pepper[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.
[17] 高方胜,徐坤,徐立功,尚庆文.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):69-72.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2005.04.017.Gao F S,Xu K,Xu L G,Shang Q W.Effect of soil water on the growth,development,yield and quality of tomato[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2005,14(4):69-72.
[18] 王少杰.黄土高原旱作覆膜玉米不同时期施氮效果及气态氮损失[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2016.Wang S J.Nitrogen application effect and gaseous nitrogen loss in different periods of dry-mulched corn in the Loess Plateau[D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[19] 马耕,张盼盼,王晨阳,刘卫星,张美微,马冬云,谢迎新,朱云集,郭天财.高产小麦花后植株氮素累积、转运和产量的水氮调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):798-805.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.06.10.Ma G,Zhang P P,Wang C Y,Liu W X,Zhang M W,Ma D Y,Xie Y X,Zhu Y J,Guo T C.Regulation effect of irrigation and nitrogen on post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation,translocation and grain yield of high-yield wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):798-805.
[20] 张振贤,于贤昌,陈利平,史金玉,梁书华.水分状况与大白菜光合作用关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1993(4):358-362.Zhang Z X,Yu X C,Chen L P,Shi J Y,Liang S H.Study on the relationship between water status and photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage[J].ACTA Horticulturae Sinica,1993(4):358-362.
[21] 马国礼.不同水氮处理对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长生理及养分吸收分配的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.Ma G L.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on growth physiology and nutrient uptake and distribution of pepper in substrate culture in greenhouse[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.
[22] 张永丽,于振文.灌水量对小麦氮素吸收、分配、利用及产量与品质的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):870-878.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2008.05.021.Zhang Y L,Yu Z W.Effects of irrigation amount on nitrogen uptake,distribution,use,and grain yield and quality in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):870-878.
[23] 董雯怡,聂立水,李吉跃,沈应柏,张志毅.应用15N示踪研究毛白杨苗木对不同形态氮素的吸收及分配[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):97-101.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.04.017.Dong W Y,Nie L S,Li J Y,Shen Y B,Zhang Z Y.Effects of nitrogen forms on the absorption and distribution of nitrogen in Populus tomentosa seedlings using the technique of 15N tracing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):97-101.
[24] 左红娟.基于高丰度15N的肥料氮去向及利用率研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.Zuo H J.Study on the fattening and utilization of fertilizer based on high abundance of 15N[D].Beijinng:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.
[2] 王春辉,祝鹏飞,束良佐,朱继荣,于红梅,詹雨珊,袁梅.分根区交替灌溉和氮形态影响土壤硝态氮的迁移利用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(11):1002-6819.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.012.Wang C H,Zhu P F,Shu L Z,Zhu J R,Yu H M,Zhan Y S,Yuan M.Effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation and nitrogen forms on utilization and movement of nitrate in soil[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(11):1002-6819.
[3] 吴永成,王志敏,周顺利.15N标记和土柱模拟的夏玉米氮肥利用特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(12):2446-2453.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.12.005.Wu Y C,Wang Z M,Zhou S L.Studies on the characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in summer maize based on techniques of soil column and 15N-label[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2011,44(12):2446-2453.
[4] 龚江,王海江,谢海霞,侯振安,吕新.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,59(6):51-54.Gong J,Wang H J,Xie H X,Hou Z A,Lü X.Effects of water and nitrogen coupling under drip irrigation on cotton growth and yield[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2008,59(6):51-54.
[5] 文哲.15N同位素稀释技术和示踪技术在森林土壤N素研究中的应用[J].南方农业,2016,10(30):102-103.doi:10.19415/j.cnki.1673-890x.2016.30.059.Wen Z.Application of 15N isotope dilution technique and tracer technology in N soil research of forest soil[J].South China Agriculture,2016,10(30):102-103.
[6] 刘琦蕊.毛竹林氮素吸收转化与利用研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.Liu Q R.Study on nitrogen absorption,transformation and utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2016.
[7] 田义,张玉龙,虞娜,张辉,邹洪涛.温室地下滴灌灌水控制下限对番茄生长发育、果实品质和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(5):88-92.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7601.2006.05.021.Tian Y,Zhang Y L,Yu N,Zhang H,Zou H T.Effect of different low irrigation limit on growth,quality and yield of tomato under subsurface drip irrigation in greenhouse[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(5):88-92.
[8] 向友珍.滴灌施肥条件下温室甜椒水氮耦合效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.Xiang Y Z.Study on the coupling effect of water and nitrogen in greenhouse sweet pepper under drip fertigation conditions[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[9] 吕剑.日光温室基质栽培越冬茬番茄灌水下限研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.Lü J.Study on the lower limit of tomato irrigation for wintering in the greenhouse cultivation[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2012.
[10] 刘世全,曹红霞,张建青,胡笑涛.不同水氮供应对小南瓜根系生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1362-1371.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.013.Liu S Q,Cao H X,Zhang J Q,Hu X T.Effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on root growth,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of small pumpkin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(7):1362-1371.
[11] 于红梅,李子忠,龚元石.不同水氮管理对蔬菜地硝态氮淋洗的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(9):1849-1855.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2005.09.020.Yu H M,Li Z Z,Gong Y D.Leached nitrate in vegetable field under different water and nitrogen fertilizer management practices[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(9):1849-1855.
[12] 邢英英,张富仓,张燕,李静,强生才,吴立峰.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.04.09.Xing Y Y,Zhang F C,Zhang Y,Li J,Qiang S C,Wu L F.Effect of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on greenhouse tomato yield,quality,water and nitrogen utilization under fertigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(4):713-726.
[13] 孙杨.滴灌条件下大同盆地盐碱地土壤水盐运移规律研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.Sun Y.Study on soil water and salt movement law of saline-alkali land in datong basin under drip irrigation[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2016.
[14] 史书强,赵颖,何志刚,娄春荣.生物有机肥配施化肥对马铃薯土壤养分运移及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):154-157.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2016.06.040.Shi S Q,Zhao Y,He Z G,Lou C R.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on soil nutrient transport and yield of potato[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(6):154-157.
[15] 柴付军,李光永,张琼,程鸿,李富先,李旌胜,季枫.灌水频率对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(3):12-15.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3317.2005.03.004.Chai F J,Li G Y,Zhang Q,Cheng H,Li F X,Li J S,Ji F.Study on effects of irrigation frequency on moisture and salt regime and growth of cotton under mulch-film drip irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2005,24(3):12-15.
[16] 王翠丽.不同施肥方式对辣椒生长生理和养分利用的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.Wang C L.Effects of different fertilization methods on growth physiology and nutrient utilization of pepper[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.
[17] 高方胜,徐坤,徐立功,尚庆文.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):69-72.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2005.04.017.Gao F S,Xu K,Xu L G,Shang Q W.Effect of soil water on the growth,development,yield and quality of tomato[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2005,14(4):69-72.
[18] 王少杰.黄土高原旱作覆膜玉米不同时期施氮效果及气态氮损失[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2016.Wang S J.Nitrogen application effect and gaseous nitrogen loss in different periods of dry-mulched corn in the Loess Plateau[D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[19] 马耕,张盼盼,王晨阳,刘卫星,张美微,马冬云,谢迎新,朱云集,郭天财.高产小麦花后植株氮素累积、转运和产量的水氮调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):798-805.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.06.10.Ma G,Zhang P P,Wang C Y,Liu W X,Zhang M W,Ma D Y,Xie Y X,Zhu Y J,Guo T C.Regulation effect of irrigation and nitrogen on post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation,translocation and grain yield of high-yield wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):798-805.
[20] 张振贤,于贤昌,陈利平,史金玉,梁书华.水分状况与大白菜光合作用关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1993(4):358-362.Zhang Z X,Yu X C,Chen L P,Shi J Y,Liang S H.Study on the relationship between water status and photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage[J].ACTA Horticulturae Sinica,1993(4):358-362.
[21] 马国礼.不同水氮处理对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长生理及养分吸收分配的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.Ma G L.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on growth physiology and nutrient uptake and distribution of pepper in substrate culture in greenhouse[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.
[22] 张永丽,于振文.灌水量对小麦氮素吸收、分配、利用及产量与品质的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):870-878.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2008.05.021.Zhang Y L,Yu Z W.Effects of irrigation amount on nitrogen uptake,distribution,use,and grain yield and quality in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):870-878.
[23] 董雯怡,聂立水,李吉跃,沈应柏,张志毅.应用15N示踪研究毛白杨苗木对不同形态氮素的吸收及分配[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):97-101.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.04.017.Dong W Y,Nie L S,Li J Y,Shen Y B,Zhang Z Y.Effects of nitrogen forms on the absorption and distribution of nitrogen in Populus tomentosa seedlings using the technique of 15N tracing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):97-101.
[24] 左红娟.基于高丰度15N的肥料氮去向及利用率研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.Zuo H J.Study on the fattening and utilization of fertilizer based on high abundance of 15N[D].Beijinng:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.